Psychiatry is one of the clinical medical disciplines which involves the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mental and behavioral disorders such as clinical depression, schizophrenia and anxiety disorders. In addition to the clinical interview through face-to-face consultation, psychiatrists use information collated from other sources such as other health and social professionals, medical investigations ( e.g.laboratory tests to rule out thyroid dysfunction or anemia, CT brain Scan to rule out a brain tumour ) to diagnose these conditions. Occasionally, other techniques such ...

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Psychiatry, Psychiatry - Practice of psychiatry, Psychiatry - The DSM system, Psychiatry - Contrast with psychology, Psychiatry - Professional requirements, Psychiatry - History, Psychiatry - Opposition to and criticism of psychiatry, Psychiatry - Anti-psychiatry, Psychiatry - Other criticisms, Psychiatry - Related terms, Psychiatry - Lists

Read more here: » Psychiatry: Encyclopedia II - Psychiatry - Practice of psychiatry

Psychiatric illnesses are sometimes characterised as disorders of the mind rather than the brain, although the distinction is not always obvious and has changed in the last few decades as understanding of the treated illnesses grew. Many conditions have been linked to biological or chemical abnormalities in the brain's psychology, but for some conditions the etiology and pathogenesis are still the subject of intense research. For a long period of history, neurology and psychiatry were a single discipline, and following their division ...

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Psychiatry, Psychiatry - Practice of psychiatry, Psychiatry - The DSM system, Psychiatry - Contrast with psychology, Psychiatry - Professional requirements, Psychiatry - History, Psychiatry - Opposition to and criticism of psychiatry, Psychiatry - Anti-psychiatry, Psychiatry - Other criticisms, Psychiatry - Related terms, Psychiatry - Lists

Read more here: » Psychiatry: Encyclopedia II - Psychiatry - History

In 1965, Wenyuan wrote a thinly veiled attack on the deputy mayor of Beijing, Wu Han. Over the six months that followed, on behalf of ideological purity, Mao and his supporters purged many public figures, Liu Shao-chi among them. By the middle of 1966, Mao had not only put himself back into the center of things, he had initiated what is known as the Cultural Revolution, a mass (and army-supported) action again ...

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History of socialism, History of socialism - Early socialists, History of socialism - Marxism and the socialist movement, History of socialism - Social Democracy to 1917, History of socialism - Socialism and Communism 1917-39, History of socialism - Social Democracy 1945-70, History of socialism - The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe 1945-1985, History of socialism - Final Years for the Soviet Union 1985-91, History of socialism - Socialism in China 1945-65, History of socialism - Socialism in China Since the Cultural Revolution, History of socialism - The New Left and the Old in Academia, History of socialism - The radicalization of psychoanalysis, History of socialism - Structuralism, History of socialism - Deconstruction, History of socialism - Feminism, History of socialism - criticism of the new left by the old, History of socialism - Third World Socialism, History of socialism - The Crisis of Socialism, History of socialism - Relevant articles

Read more here: » History of socialism: Encyclopedia II - History of socialism - Socialism in China Since the Cultural Revolution

During hundreds of years America was "the new world", and naturally, Europe became "the old world". Both the old and the new world became industrialized and rich. The term "the third world" has been used for much of the world outside the industrialized and rich western world, but especially for nations which are not industrialized at all. The meaning of "the third world" has changed a lot over the last 40 years, and the concept is probably antiquated, as most of the really poor countries have evolved very much when it comes to ...

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History of socialism, History of socialism - Early socialists, History of socialism - Marxism and the socialist movement, History of socialism - Social Democracy to 1917, History of socialism - Socialism and Communism 1917-39, History of socialism - Social Democracy 1945-70, History of socialism - The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe 1945-1985, History of socialism - Final Years for the Soviet Union 1985-91, History of socialism - Socialism in China 1945-65, History of socialism - Socialism in China Since the Cultural Revolution, History of socialism - The New Left and the Old in Academia, History of socialism - The radicalization of psychoanalysis, History of socialism - Structuralism, History of socialism - Deconstruction, History of socialism - Feminism, History of socialism - criticism of the new left by the old, History of socialism - Third World Socialism, History of socialism - The Crisis of Socialism, History of socialism - Relevant articles

Read more here: » History of socialism: Encyclopedia II - History of socialism - Third World Socialism

Socialism as a self-conscious international movement has been in crisis since the demise of the Soviet Union because many people of socialist persuasion are more uncertain than ever before about their constituency -- whether the proletariat as described in traditonal Marxist terms, or the peasantry in traditional Maoist terms, is the or even a plausible candidate for a revolutionary class, or who else might supersede those candidates. Leo Panitch, for example, in Renewing Socialism (2001) wrote that it was wrong of Marx to cont ...

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History of socialism, History of socialism - Early socialists, History of socialism - Marxism and the socialist movement, History of socialism - Social Democracy to 1917, History of socialism - Socialism and Communism 1917-39, History of socialism - Social Democracy 1945-70, History of socialism - The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe 1945-1985, History of socialism - Final Years for the Soviet Union 1985-91, History of socialism - Socialism in China 1945-65, History of socialism - Socialism in China Since the Cultural Revolution, History of socialism - The New Left and the Old in Academia, History of socialism - The radicalization of psychoanalysis, History of socialism - Structuralism, History of socialism - Deconstruction, History of socialism - Feminism, History of socialism - criticism of the new left by the old, History of socialism - Third World Socialism, History of socialism - The Crisis of Socialism, History of socialism - Relevant articles

Read more here: » History of socialism: Encyclopedia II - History of socialism - The Crisis of Socialism

In the United States, the standard system of psychiatric diagnoses is given in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (known as the DSM), overseen and revised by the American Psychiatric Association. It is currently in its fourth revised edition (IV-TR, published 2000) and is based on five axes: Axis I: Psychiatric disorders Axis II: Personality disorders / mental retardation Axis III: General medical condition Axis IV: Social functioning and impact of symptoms Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning ( ...

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Psychiatry, Psychiatry - Practice of psychiatry, Psychiatry - The DSM system, Psychiatry - Contrast with psychology, Psychiatry - Professional requirements, Psychiatry - History, Psychiatry - Opposition to and criticism of psychiatry, Psychiatry - Anti-psychiatry, Psychiatry - Other criticisms, Psychiatry - Related terms, Psychiatry - Lists

Read more here: » Psychiatry: Encyclopedia II - Psychiatry - The DSM system

Michel Henry - Biography. Michel Henry lived in French Indochina until he was 7 years old. Following the death of his father, who was an officer in the French Navy, his mother and he settled in metropolitan France. While studying in Paris, he discovered a true passion for philosophy which led to a desire to make it his profession. From June 1943 onwards, he was committed to the French Resistance where he joined the maquis of the Haut Jura under the code name of Kant. He often had to come down from the mountains in order to accomplish missions in Nazi-occupied Lyon ...

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Michel Henry, Michel Henry - The life and the work of Michel Henry, Michel Henry - Biography, Michel Henry - A Phenomenology of Life, Michel Henry - Two Modes of Manifestation, Michel Henry - Consequences of his Philosophy, Michel Henry - On the Problems of Society, Michel Henry - On Art and Painting, Michel Henry - On Christianity, Michel Henry - On Psychoanalysis, Michel Henry - Some Quotes from Michel Henry, Michel Henry - On Affectivity, Michel Henry - On the Problems of Society, Michel Henry - On Art and Painting, Michel Henry - On Christianity, Michel Henry - Description of Selected Titles, Michel Henry - On the Problems of Society, Michel Henry - On Art and Painting, Michel Henry - On Christianity, Michel Henry - Literary Works, Michel Henry - Bibliography of Michel Henry, Michel Henry - Philosophical Works, Michel Henry - Posthumous Books, Michel Henry - Literary Works, Michel Henry - Books on Michel Henry

Read more here: » Michel Henry: Encyclopedia II - Michel Henry - The life and the work of Michel Henry

Psychiatry is practised by psychiatrists, who are medical doctors specializing in mental illness and who are therefore trained to prescribe drugs. They also have extensive training in psychotherapy and psychological testing. Psychiatrists ideally evaluate patients from a biopsychosocial perspective before prescribing treatment. In contrast, psychology is the study of human behaviour and thought processes, does not include the focused study of psychopharmacology and on behavior generally. Clinical psychologists specialize in mental health and have extensi ...

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Psychiatry, Psychiatry - Practice of psychiatry, Psychiatry - The DSM system, Psychiatry - Contrast with psychology, Psychiatry - Professional requirements, Psychiatry - History, Psychiatry - Opposition to and criticism of psychiatry, Psychiatry - Anti-psychiatry, Psychiatry - Other criticisms, Psychiatry - Related terms, Psychiatry - Lists

Read more here: » Psychiatry: Encyclopedia II - Psychiatry - Contrast with psychology

Michel Henry - On Affectivity. "Affectivity has ever accomplished its work when the world rises." (The essence of the manifestation, § 54) "The suffering makes up the tissue of the existence, it is the place where the life becomes living, the reality and the phenomenological effectivity of this gradual change." (The essence of the manifestation, § 70) "The power of the feeling is the gathering which edifies, the being seized by oneself, its blazing up, ...

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Michel Henry, Michel Henry - The life and the work of Michel Henry, Michel Henry - Biography, Michel Henry - A Phenomenology of Life, Michel Henry - Two Modes of Manifestation, Michel Henry - Consequences of his Philosophy, Michel Henry - On the Problems of Society, Michel Henry - On Art and Painting, Michel Henry - On Christianity, Michel Henry - On Psychoanalysis, Michel Henry - Some Quotes from Michel Henry, Michel Henry - On Affectivity, Michel Henry - On the Problems of Society, Michel Henry - On Art and Painting, Michel Henry - On Christianity, Michel Henry - Description of Selected Titles, Michel Henry - On the Problems of Society, Michel Henry - On Art and Painting, Michel Henry - On Christianity, Michel Henry - Literary Works, Michel Henry - Bibliography of Michel Henry, Michel Henry - Philosophical Works, Michel Henry - Posthumous Books, Michel Henry - Literary Works, Michel Henry - Books on Michel Henry

Read more here: » Michel Henry: Encyclopedia II - Michel Henry - Some Quotes from Michel Henry

In the United States, psychiatrists are board certified as specialists in their field. After completing four years of medical school, physicians practice as psychiatry residents for four years. Psychiatry residents are required to complete at least four months of medicine (internal medicine or pediatrics) and two months of neurology during these four years. After completing their training, psychiatrists take written and then oral board examinations, each of which has a failure rate that approaches 50%, before becoming board certified. In the ...

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Psychiatry, Psychiatry - Practice of psychiatry, Psychiatry - The DSM system, Psychiatry - Contrast with psychology, Psychiatry - Professional requirements, Psychiatry - History, Psychiatry - Opposition to and criticism of psychiatry, Psychiatry - Anti-psychiatry, Psychiatry - Other criticisms, Psychiatry - Related terms, Psychiatry - Lists

Read more here: » Psychiatry: Encyclopedia II - Psychiatry - Professional requirements

Michel Henry - On the Problems of Society. La barbarie (Babarity): The culture, which is the self-development of the life, is threatened in our society by the barbarism of the monstrous objectivity of the technoscience, whose ideologies reject all form of subjectivity, while the life is condemned to escape his anguish in the media universe. Du communisme au capitalisme, théorie d'une catastrophe (From Communism to Capitalism, Theory of a Catastrophe): The collapse of the e ...

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Michel Henry, Michel Henry - The life and the work of Michel Henry, Michel Henry - Biography, Michel Henry - A Phenomenology of Life, Michel Henry - Two Modes of Manifestation, Michel Henry - Consequences of his Philosophy, Michel Henry - On the Problems of Society, Michel Henry - On Art and Painting, Michel Henry - On Christianity, Michel Henry - On Psychoanalysis, Michel Henry - Some Quotes from Michel Henry, Michel Henry - On Affectivity, Michel Henry - On the Problems of Society, Michel Henry - On Art and Painting, Michel Henry - On Christianity, Michel Henry - Description of Selected Titles, Michel Henry - On the Problems of Society, Michel Henry - On Art and Painting, Michel Henry - On Christianity, Michel Henry - Literary Works, Michel Henry - Bibliography of Michel Henry, Michel Henry - Philosophical Works, Michel Henry - Posthumous Books, Michel Henry - Literary Works, Michel Henry - Books on Michel Henry

Read more here: » Michel Henry: Encyclopedia II - Michel Henry - Description of Selected Titles

Psychiatry - Anti-psychiatry. Unlike most other areas of medicine, there is a politicised anti-psychiatry movement opposed to the practices of, and in some cases the existence of, psychiatry. This phenomenon mainly originated in the 1960s and 1970s under the leadership of David Cooper, Thomas Szasz and R. D. Laing. The Church of Scientology opposes psychiatry for various reasons, mainly through its Citizens Commission on H ...

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Psychiatry, Psychiatry - Practice of psychiatry, Psychiatry - The DSM system, Psychiatry - Contrast with psychology, Psychiatry - Professional requirements, Psychiatry - History, Psychiatry - Opposition to and criticism of psychiatry, Psychiatry - Anti-psychiatry, Psychiatry - Other criticisms, Psychiatry - Related terms, Psychiatry - Lists

Read more here: » Psychiatry: Encyclopedia II - Psychiatry - Opposition to and criticism of psychiatry

Michel Henry - Philosophical Works. L’Essence de la manifestation (1963) Philosophie et Phénoménologie du corps (1965) Marx: I. Une philosophie de la réalité (1976) II. Une philosophie de l’économie (1976) Généalogie de la psychanalyse. Le commencement perdu (1985) La Barbarie (1987) Voir l’invisible, sur Kandinsky< ...

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Michel Henry, Michel Henry - The life and the work of Michel Henry, Michel Henry - Biography, Michel Henry - A Phenomenology of Life, Michel Henry - Two Modes of Manifestation, Michel Henry - Consequences of his Philosophy, Michel Henry - On the Problems of Society, Michel Henry - On Art and Painting, Michel Henry - On Christianity, Michel Henry - On Psychoanalysis, Michel Henry - Some Quotes from Michel Henry, Michel Henry - On Affectivity, Michel Henry - On the Problems of Society, Michel Henry - On Art and Painting, Michel Henry - On Christianity, Michel Henry - Description of Selected Titles, Michel Henry - On the Problems of Society, Michel Henry - On Art and Painting, Michel Henry - On Christianity, Michel Henry - Literary Works, Michel Henry - Bibliography of Michel Henry, Michel Henry - Philosophical Works, Michel Henry - Posthumous Books, Michel Henry - Literary Works, Michel Henry - Books on Michel Henry

Read more here: » Michel Henry: Encyclopedia II - Michel Henry - Bibliography of Michel Henry

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is a system of psychiatric diagnoses overseen and revised by the American Psychiatric Association and is presently (2005) in its fourth revised edition (IV-TR, published 2000). It is based on five axes: Axis I: Psychiatric disorders Axis II: Personality disorders / Mental retardation Axis III: General medical condition Axis IV: Social functioning and impact of symptoms Axis V: Global Assessment of ...

See also:

Psychiatry, Psychiatry - Practice of psychiatry, Psychiatry - The DSM system, Psychiatry - Contrast with psychology, Psychiatry - Professional requirements, Psychiatry - History, Psychiatry - Opposition to and criticism of psychiatry, Psychiatry - Anti-psychiatry, Psychiatry - Other criticisms, Psychiatry - Related terms, Psychiatry - Lists

Read more here: » Psychiatry: Encyclopedia II - Psychiatry - The DSM system

Diamond Approach (Diamond Approach to inner realization): Variation of the Work that borrows from depth psychology (which Freudian and Jungian systems of psychoanalysis exemplify). The expression the Work refers to the endeavor to retrieve essence: one's true nature or true master, the force of life.

(See also: Diamond Approach, Body Mind and Soul, Alternative Health, Alternative Health Dictionary)

Psychiatry - Anti-psychiatry. Main articles: anti-psychiatry, and [[{{{2}}}]], and [[{{{3}}}]], and [[{{{4}}}]]See also:

Psychiatry, Psychiatry - Practice of psychiatry, Psychiatry - The DSM system, Psychiatry - Contrast with psychology, Psychiatry - Professional requirements, Psychiatry - History, Psychiatry - Opposition to and criticism of psychiatry, Psychiatry - Anti-psychiatry, Psychiatry - Other criticisms, Psychiatry - Related terms, Psychiatry - Lists

Read more here: » Psychiatry: Encyclopedia II - Psychiatry - Opposition to and criticism of psychiatry

The idea that organisms comprise a number of parts that serve different functions (i.e., living things are, in some sense, machines) goes back at least to Aristotle. This idea is the foundation of modern medicine and biology. William Paley, drawing upon the work of many others, argued convincingly that organisms are machines designed to function in particular environments. Paley believed that this evidence of 'design' was evidence for a designer -- God. Darwin appears to have been impressed with Paley's argument that organisms are des ...

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Evolutionary psychology, Evolutionary psychology - Theoretical background, Evolutionary psychology - The Environment of Evolutionary Adaptedness EEA, Evolutionary psychology - Controversies, Evolutionary psychology - Well-known evolutionary psychologists, Evolutionary psychology - Reference

Read more here: » Evolutionary psychology: Encyclopedia II - Evolutionary psychology - Theoretical background

One theme in particular that Žižek addresses is postmodernism, which confronts psychoanalysis with new questions. By virtue of the demise of a patriarchally structured society and firmly established, authoritarian models of order, the Oedipus complex - one of the cornerstones of psychoanalysis - begins to falter. Ideology constitutes itself, so to speak, from both sides of the coin: both from the values openly proclaimed by a political system and also its so-called hidden underside or dirty secret - that is, an ideology's implicitly ...

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Slavoj Žižek, Slavoj Žižek - The formation of the subject, Slavoj Žižek - The real the symbolic and the imaginary, Slavoj Žižek - The real, Slavoj Žižek - The symbolic, Slavoj Žižek - The imaginary, Slavoj Žižek - Postmodernism, Slavoj Žižek - Politicization, Slavoj Žižek - Critique, Slavoj Žižek - Works

Read more here: » Slavoj Žižek: Encyclopedia II - Slavoj Žižek - Postmodernism

In order to understand the design and function of any mechanism, it is necessary to correctly identify the 'environment' the mechanism is intended to interact with. It would be difficult to understand the design of a pipe wrench, for example, without understanding the properties of pipes and pipe-fittings. This argument also applies to evolved mechanisms in the living world. It would be difficult, if not impossible, to understand the function of the lungs without understanding the properties of a gaseous oxygen atmosphere, or to understand t ...

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Evolutionary psychology, Evolutionary psychology - Theoretical background, Evolutionary psychology - The Environment of Evolutionary Adaptedness EEA, Evolutionary psychology - Controversies, Evolutionary psychology - Well-known evolutionary psychologists, Evolutionary psychology - Reference

Read more here: » Evolutionary psychology: Encyclopedia II - Evolutionary psychology - The Environment of Evolutionary Adaptedness EEA

Psychiatry is practised by psychiatrists, who are medical doctors specializing in mental illness and who are therefore trained to prescribe drugs in addition to any psychosocial treatment they may recommend. Psychiatrists ideally evaluate patients from a biopsychosocial perspective before prescribing treatment. Psychology is the larger study of human behavior and thought processes. Psychology is as much an academic field of study (like biology or sociology) as a profession, and as a whole, is concerned with the study of normal everyda ...

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Psychiatry, Psychiatry - Practice of psychiatry, Psychiatry - The DSM system, Psychiatry - Contrast with psychology, Psychiatry - Professional requirements, Psychiatry - History, Psychiatry - Opposition to and criticism of psychiatry, Psychiatry - Anti-psychiatry, Psychiatry - Other criticisms, Psychiatry - Related terms, Psychiatry - Lists

Read more here: » Psychiatry: Encyclopedia II - Psychiatry - Contrast with psychology

Animal behavior studies have long recognized the role of evolution; the application of evolutionary theory to human psychology, however, is controversial. There are many families of criticism of the idea. Some claim that because little is known about the evolutionary context in which humans developed (including population size, structure, lifestyle, eating habits, habitat, and more), there is little basis on which evolutionary psychology may operate. Most EP research is thus confined to certainties about the past, such as pregnancies ...

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Evolutionary psychology, Evolutionary psychology - Theoretical background, Evolutionary psychology - The Environment of Evolutionary Adaptedness EEA, Evolutionary psychology - Controversies, Evolutionary psychology - Well-known evolutionary psychologists, Evolutionary psychology - Reference

Read more here: » Evolutionary psychology: Encyclopedia II - Evolutionary psychology - Controversies

Psychiatry - Anti-psychiatry. Main article: anti-psychiatry Unlike most other areas of medicine, there is a politicised anti-psychiatry movement opposed to the practices of, and in some cases the existence of, psychiatry. This phenomenon mainly originated in the 1960s and 1970s under the leadership of David Cooper, Thomas Szasz and R. D. Laing. The Church of Scientology opposes psychiatry for various reasons, mainly through its Citizens Commission on Human Rights. Christian Scien ...

See also:

Psychiatry, Psychiatry - Practice of psychiatry, Psychiatry - The DSM system, Psychiatry - Contrast with psychology, Psychiatry - Professional requirements, Psychiatry - History, Psychiatry - Opposition to and criticism of psychiatry, Psychiatry - Anti-psychiatry, Psychiatry - Other criticisms, Psychiatry - Related terms, Psychiatry - Lists

Read more here: » Psychiatry: Encyclopedia II - Psychiatry - Opposition to and criticism of psychiatry