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Proto-Uralic | A Wisdom Archive on Proto-Uralic | | Proto-Uralic A selection of articles related to Proto-Uralic | |
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Proto-Uralic | | | |  Proto-Uralic: Encyclopedia - Ural-Altaic languagesThe Ural-Altaic language family was a grouping of languages which was once widely accepted by linguists, but has since been generally rejected[citation needed]. It comprises of the Altaic languages (Turkish, Mongolian, Kazakh, Uzbek, Tatar, Manchu, and its derivatives, plus perhaps Korean and Japanese), and the Uralic languages (Hungarian, Finnish, Estonian, and its derivatives.
The theory of a Uralo-Altaic group has now been widely disapproved by historical linguists as a misnomer. Even the existence of the A ...
Read more here: » Ural-Altaic languages: Encyclopedia - Ural-Altaic languages |
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| | | | Proto-Uralic: Encyclopedia II - Finnish language - Lexicon Finnish extensively employs regular agglutination. It has a smaller core vocabulary than, for example, English, and uses derivative suffixes to a greater extent. As an example, take the word kirja "a book", from which one can form derivatives kirjain "a letter" (of the alphabet), kirje "a piece of correspondence, a letter", kirjasto "a library", kirjailija "an author", kirjallisuus "literature", kirjoittaa "to write", kirjoittaja "a writer", kirjallinen "something in written form", kirjata "to write down, register, re ...
See also:Finnish language, Finnish language - History, Finnish language - Agricola's work, Finnish language - Classification, Finnish language - Geographic distribution, Finnish language - Official status, Finnish language - Dialects, Finnish language - Western dialects, Finnish language - Eastern dialects, Finnish language - Formal and informal Finnish, Finnish language - Examples, Finnish language - Phonology, Finnish language - Grammar, Finnish language - Lexicon, Finnish language - Borrowing, Finnish language - Neologisms, Finnish language - Finnish loans to other languages, Finnish language - Orthography, Finnish language - Basic greetings, Finnish language - Important words, Finnish language - Bibliography, Finnish language - English books, Finnish language - Finnish books Read more here: » Finnish language: Encyclopedia II - Finnish language - Lexicon |
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| | | | Proto-Uralic: Encyclopedia II - Dual grammatical number - Dual form in Indo-European languages From comparisons of existing and recorded languages, linguists have concluded that the Proto-Indo-European language had dual forms. This use was preserved in the earliest records of Indo-European languages. This is best represented in Sanskrit, with a mandatory dual number for all inflected categories: nouns, verbs, adjectives and pronouns. The Ancient Greek language used in the Homeric texts, the Iliad and Odyssey, likewise had dual forms for all inflected categories, although their use was only sporadic. Old Church Slavonic a ...
See also:Dual grammatical number, Dual grammatical number - Comparative characteristics, Dual grammatical number - Use in modern languages, Dual grammatical number - Dual form in Indo-European languages, Dual grammatical number - Dual form in Slavic languages, Dual grammatical number - Languages with dual number, Dual grammatical number - Notes Read more here: » Dual grammatical number: Encyclopedia II - Dual grammatical number - Dual form in Indo-European languages |
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| | | | Proto-Uralic: Encyclopedia II - Finnish language - Orthography The Finnish orthography is morphemic, and the morphemic notation is built upon the phonetic principle: with just a few subtle exceptions, within a single morpheme, each phoneme (distinct sound) of the language is represented by exactly one grapheme (independent letter), and each grapheme represents exactly one phoneme, if the morpheme is pronounced in isolation. This makes the language easy for its speakers to sp ...
See also:Finnish language, Finnish language - History, Finnish language - Agricola's work, Finnish language - Classification, Finnish language - Geographic distribution, Finnish language - Official status, Finnish language - Dialects, Finnish language - Western dialects, Finnish language - Eastern dialects, Finnish language - Formal and informal Finnish, Finnish language - Examples, Finnish language - Phonology, Finnish language - Grammar, Finnish language - Lexicon, Finnish language - Borrowing, Finnish language - Neologisms, Finnish language - Finnish loans to other languages, Finnish language - Orthography, Finnish language - Basic greetings, Finnish language - Important words, Finnish language - Bibliography, Finnish language - English books, Finnish language - Finnish books Read more here: » Finnish language: Encyclopedia II - Finnish language - Orthography |
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| | | | Proto-Uralic: Encyclopedia II - Finnish language - Bibliography
Finnish language - English books.
Finnish for Foreigners 1 (Maija-Hellikki Aaltio: ISBN 951-1-08145-4)
This is the first of 2 volumes, each of which has an associated exercises book. There is also a reader.
Volume 1 is grammar based, but takes things in nice small steps, so it isn't intimidating. It generally teaches the written language, but does point out the main differences in the spoken language. By the end of volume 1 you would have quite a good grasp of the languag ...
See also:Finnish language, Finnish language - History, Finnish language - Agricola's work, Finnish language - Classification, Finnish language - Geographic distribution, Finnish language - Official status, Finnish language - Dialects, Finnish language - Western dialects, Finnish language - Eastern dialects, Finnish language - Formal and informal Finnish, Finnish language - Examples, Finnish language - Phonology, Finnish language - Grammar, Finnish language - Lexicon, Finnish language - Borrowing, Finnish language - Neologisms, Finnish language - Finnish loans to other languages, Finnish language - Orthography, Finnish language - Basic greetings, Finnish language - Important words, Finnish language - Bibliography, Finnish language - English books, Finnish language - Finnish books Read more here: » Finnish language: Encyclopedia II - Finnish language - Bibliography |
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| | | | Proto-Uralic: Encyclopedia II - Finnish language - Phonology Characteristic features of Finnish (common to other Finno-Ugric languages) are vowel harmony and an agglutinative morphology; due to the extensive use of the latter, words can be quite long. The main stress is always on the first syllable.
There are eight vowels, whose lexical and grammatical role is highly important, and which are unusually strictly controlled, so that there is almost no allophony. Vowels are as follows, followed by IPA when not identical: a [ɑ], e, ...
See also:Finnish language, Finnish language - History, Finnish language - Agricola's work, Finnish language - Classification, Finnish language - Geographic distribution, Finnish language - Official status, Finnish language - Dialects, Finnish language - Western dialects, Finnish language - Eastern dialects, Finnish language - Formal and informal Finnish, Finnish language - Examples, Finnish language - Phonology, Finnish language - Grammar, Finnish language - Lexicon, Finnish language - Borrowing, Finnish language - Neologisms, Finnish language - Finnish loans to other languages, Finnish language - Orthography, Finnish language - Basic greetings, Finnish language - Important words, Finnish language - Bibliography, Finnish language - English books, Finnish language - Finnish books Read more here: » Finnish language: Encyclopedia II - Finnish language - Phonology |
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| | | | Proto-Uralic: Encyclopedia II - Dual grammatical number - Use in modern languages Among living languages, modern standard Arabic has a mandatory dual number, marked on nouns, verbs, adjectives and pronouns. (First-person dual forms, however, do not exist; compare this to the lack of third-person dual forms in the old Germanic languages.) Many of the spoken Arabic dialects have a dual marking for nouns (only), but its use is not mandatory. Hebrew, a related Semitic language, also has some forms of dual, largely for measurements of time, parts of the body and things that come in pairs, such as švu`ayim (two weeks), ...
See also:Dual grammatical number, Dual grammatical number - Comparative characteristics, Dual grammatical number - Use in modern languages, Dual grammatical number - Dual form in Indo-European languages, Dual grammatical number - Dual form in Slavic languages, Dual grammatical number - Languages with dual number, Dual grammatical number - Notes Read more here: » Dual grammatical number: Encyclopedia II - Dual grammatical number - Use in modern languages |
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| | | | Proto-Uralic: Encyclopedia II - Dual grammatical number - Comparative characteristics In some languages, in addition to the singular and plural forms there is also a dual form, which is used when exactly two people or things are meant. In many languages with dual forms, use of the dual is mandatory, and the plural is used only for groups greater than two. In some languages, however (for example, Egyptian Arabic, many other modern Arabic dialects, and Ancient Greek), use of the dual is optional. In some languages (for example, Hebrew), the dual exists only for a few measure words and for words that naturally come in pai ...
See also:Dual grammatical number, Dual grammatical number - Comparative characteristics, Dual grammatical number - Use in modern languages, Dual grammatical number - Dual form in Indo-European languages, Dual grammatical number - Dual form in Slavic languages, Dual grammatical number - Languages with dual number, Dual grammatical number - Notes Read more here: » Dual grammatical number: Encyclopedia II - Dual grammatical number - Comparative characteristics |
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| | | | Proto-Uralic: Encyclopedia II - Finnish language - History It is believed that the Baltic Finnic languages evolved from a proto-Finnic language, from which Sami was separated around 1500-1000 BCE. It has been suggested that this proto-Finnic had three dialects: northern, southern and eastern. The Baltic Finnic languages separated around the 1st century, but kept on influencing each other. Therefore, the Eastern Finnish dialects are genetically Eastern proto-Finnic, with many Eastern features, and the Southwestern Finnish dia ...
See also:Finnish language, Finnish language - History, Finnish language - Agricola's work, Finnish language - Classification, Finnish language - Geographic distribution, Finnish language - Official status, Finnish language - Dialects, Finnish language - Western dialects, Finnish language - Eastern dialects, Finnish language - Formal and informal Finnish, Finnish language - Examples, Finnish language - Phonology, Finnish language - Grammar, Finnish language - Lexicon, Finnish language - Borrowing, Finnish language - Neologisms, Finnish language - Finnish loans to other languages, Finnish language - Orthography, Finnish language - Basic greetings, Finnish language - Important words, Finnish language - Bibliography, Finnish language - English books, Finnish language - Finnish books Read more here: » Finnish language: Encyclopedia II - Finnish language - History |
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| | | | Proto-Uralic: Encyclopedia II - Finnish language - Classification Finnish is a member of the Finno-Ugric branch of the Uralic language family (which also includes Hungarian). Finnish is a synthetic language of the agglutinative type. Some fusion is found in spoken Finnish. It modifies noun and verb forms depending on their role in the sentence.
Among the grammatical features that demonstrate Finnish's affiliation with the Finno-Ugric Languages are: 1) absence of grammatical gender (the same Finnish pronoun hän denotes both he and she), 2) absence of articles ("a" and "the" in English), 3) long word ...
See also:Finnish language, Finnish language - History, Finnish language - Agricola's work, Finnish language - Classification, Finnish language - Geographic distribution, Finnish language - Official status, Finnish language - Dialects, Finnish language - Western dialects, Finnish language - Eastern dialects, Finnish language - Formal and informal Finnish, Finnish language - Examples, Finnish language - Phonology, Finnish language - Grammar, Finnish language - Lexicon, Finnish language - Borrowing, Finnish language - Neologisms, Finnish language - Finnish loans to other languages, Finnish language - Orthography, Finnish language - Basic greetings, Finnish language - Important words, Finnish language - Bibliography, Finnish language - English books, Finnish language - Finnish books Read more here: » Finnish language: Encyclopedia II - Finnish language - Classification |
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| | | | Proto-Uralic: Encyclopedia II - Finnish language - Formal and informal Finnish The Finnish linguistic situation is to some extent comparable to that of much of the Arabic speaking world, where Classical Arabic is used in official and religious speech and in the literature, whereas colloquial forms of Arabic are used in everyday conversation and in personal letters.
There are two main varieties of Finnish used throughout the country. One is the "standard language" (yleiskieli), and the other is the "spoken language" puhekieli. The standard language is used in formal situations like church sermons, p ...
See also:Finnish language, Finnish language - History, Finnish language - Agricola's work, Finnish language - Classification, Finnish language - Geographic distribution, Finnish language - Official status, Finnish language - Dialects, Finnish language - Western dialects, Finnish language - Eastern dialects, Finnish language - Formal and informal Finnish, Finnish language - Examples, Finnish language - Phonology, Finnish language - Grammar, Finnish language - Lexicon, Finnish language - Borrowing, Finnish language - Neologisms, Finnish language - Finnish loans to other languages, Finnish language - Orthography, Finnish language - Basic greetings, Finnish language - Important words, Finnish language - Bibliography, Finnish language - English books, Finnish language - Finnish books Read more here: » Finnish language: Encyclopedia II - Finnish language - Formal and informal Finnish |
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| | | | Proto-Uralic: Encyclopedia II - Finnish language - Dialects The Finnish dialects are divided into two distinct groups, the Western dialects and the Eastern dialects. [2] The dialects are entirely mutually intelligible and characterized only by minor changes in vowels, diphthongs and rhythm, and as such, they are better classified as accents. For the most part, the dialects operate on the same phonology, grammar and vocabulary. There are only marginal examples of sounds or grammatical constructions isolated to some dialect, not found in standard Finnish. Two examples are the voiced dental fricative found in ...
See also:Finnish language, Finnish language - History, Finnish language - Agricola's work, Finnish language - Classification, Finnish language - Geographic distribution, Finnish language - Official status, Finnish language - Dialects, Finnish language - Western dialects, Finnish language - Eastern dialects, Finnish language - Formal and informal Finnish, Finnish language - Examples, Finnish language - Phonology, Finnish language - Grammar, Finnish language - Lexicon, Finnish language - Borrowing, Finnish language - Neologisms, Finnish language - Finnish loans to other languages, Finnish language - Orthography, Finnish language - Basic greetings, Finnish language - Important words, Finnish language - Bibliography, Finnish language - English books, Finnish language - Finnish books Read more here: » Finnish language: Encyclopedia II - Finnish language - Dialects |
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| | | | Proto-Uralic: Encyclopedia II - Finnish language - Grammar The morphosyntactic alignment is nominative-accusative; but, there are two object cases: accusative and partitive. The contrast between the two is telicity, where accusative denotes actions completed as intended (Ammuin hirven "I shot the elk dead"), and partitive denotes incomplete actions (Ammuin hirveä "I shot at the elk"). Often this is confused with perfectivity, but the only element of perfectivity there is in Finnish is that there are some perfective verbs. Transitivity is distinguished by different verbs for transitive ...
See also:Finnish language, Finnish language - History, Finnish language - Agricola's work, Finnish language - Classification, Finnish language - Geographic distribution, Finnish language - Official status, Finnish language - Dialects, Finnish language - Western dialects, Finnish language - Eastern dialects, Finnish language - Formal and informal Finnish, Finnish language - Examples, Finnish language - Phonology, Finnish language - Grammar, Finnish language - Lexicon, Finnish language - Borrowing, Finnish language - Neologisms, Finnish language - Finnish loans to other languages, Finnish language - Orthography, Finnish language - Basic greetings, Finnish language - Important words, Finnish language - Bibliography, Finnish language - English books, Finnish language - Finnish books Read more here: » Finnish language: Encyclopedia II - Finnish language - Grammar |
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