Proteins are sensitive to their environment. They may only be active in their native state, over a small pH range, and under solution conditions with a minimum quantity of electrolytes. A protein in its native state is often described as folded. A protein that is not in its native state is said to be denatured. Denatured proteins generally have no well-defined secondary structure. Many proteins denature and wi ...

See also:

Protein, Protein - Properties of protein, Protein - Components and synthesis, Protein - Structure, Protein - Protein regulation, Protein - Diversity, Protein - Role of protein, Protein - Functions, Protein - Nutrition, Protein - Studying proteins, Protein - History

Read more here: » Protein: Encyclopedia II - Protein - Studying proteins

See also:

Protein, Protein - Properties of protein, Protein - Components and synthesis, Protein - Structure, Protein - Protein regulation, Protein - Diversity, Protein - Role of protein, Protein - Functions, Protein - Nutrition, Protein - Studying proteins, Protein - History

Read more here: » Protein: Encyclopedia II - Protein - Role of protein

Protein - Components and synthesis. Main articles: Amino acid and Protein biosynthesis Proteins are biopolymers built from 40 different L-alpha-amino acids. Proteins are assembled from amino acids using information present in genes. Genes are transcribed into RNA, RNA is then subject to post-transcriptional modification and control, resulting in a mature mRNA that undergoes translation into a protein. mRNA is translated by ribosomes that match the three-ba ...

See also:

Protein, Protein - Properties of protein, Protein - Components and synthesis, Protein - Structure, Protein - Protein regulation, Protein - Diversity, Protein - Role of protein, Protein - Functions, Protein - Nutrition, Protein - Studying proteins, Protein - History

Read more here: » Protein: Encyclopedia II - Protein - Properties of protein

A DNA-binding protein is any protein that binds to double- or single-stranded DNA. Examples include many proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression (including transcription factors), proteins involved in the packaging of DNA within the nucleus (such as histones), nucleic acid dependent-polymerases involved in DNA replication and transcription, or any of many accessory proteins which are involved in these processes. Sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins generally interact with the major groove of B-DNA, because it e

Read more here: » DNA-binding protein: Encyclopedia - DNA-binding protein

Whey protein is the name for a collection of globular proteins that can be isolated from whey, a by-product of cheese manufactured from cow's milk. It is a mixture of beta-lactoglobulin (~65%), alpha-lactalbumin (~25%), and serum albumin (~8%), which are soluble in their native forms, independent of pH. Native whey protein does not aggregate upon renneting or acidification of milk. Prolonged heat-treatment at sufficiently high temperatures and long duration, will denature (i.e. partly unfold) the whey protein, triggering hydrop ...

Including:

• Whey protein - External link

Read more here: » Whey protein: Encyclopedia - Whey protein

Bone sialo protein (BSP) is one of the proteins for gene expression of bone. Other related archivesbone, gene expression, proteins

Read more here: » Bone sialo protein: Encyclopedia - Bone sialo protein

Acute phase proteins are a class of proteins that are synthetized in the liver in response to inflammation. This response is called the acute phase reaction. In response to injury, local inflammatory cells (neutrophil granulocytes and macrophages) secrete a number of cytokines into the bloodstream, most notably the interleukins IL-1, IL-6 and IL-8 and TNF-alpha. The liver responds by producing a large number of acute phase reactants, most notably: C-reactive protein Alpha 1-antitrypsin ...

Read more here: » Acute phase protein: Encyclopedia - Acute phase protein

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a plasma protein, an acute phase protein produced by the liver. It is a member of the pentraxin family of proteins. C-reactive protein - History and nomenclature. CRP was originally discovered by Tillett and Francis in 1930 as a substance in the serum of patients with acute inflammation that reacted with the C polysaccharide of pneumococcus. acute phase, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, immunology C-reactive prot ...

Including:

• C-reactive protein - History and nomenclature
• C-reactive protein - Genetics
• C-reactive protein - Function
• C-reactive protein - Diagnostic use
• C-reactive protein - Role in cardiovascular disease
• C-reactive protein - Role in colon cancer

Read more here: » C-reactive protein: Encyclopedia - C-reactive protein

Protein - Structure. Main article: Protein structure Proteins are amino acid chains that fold into unique 3-dimensional structures. The shape into which a protein naturally folds is known as its native state, which is determined by its sequence of amino acids. Thus, proteins are their own polymers, with amino acids being the monomers. Biochemists refer to four distinct aspects of a protein's structure: Primary structure: the amino acid sequence Secondary structure ...

See also:

Protein, Protein - Properties of Protein, Protein - Structure, Protein - Working with proteins, Protein - Protein regulation, Protein - Diversity, Protein - Role of Protein, Protein - Functions, Protein - Within Nutrition, Protein - History

Read more here: » Protein: Encyclopedia II - Protein - Properties of Protein

Protein - Functions. Proteins are involved in practically every function performed by a cell, including regulation of cellular functions such as signal transduction and metabolism. Life, chemically speaking, is nothing but the function of proteins although the information to make a unique protein resides in DNA. The protein involved in functions control the almost all molecular processes in body. Without such proteins, the activity requires a diffferent set of condition, such as high temperature and pressure. Fun ...

See also:

Protein, Protein - Properties of Protein, Protein - Structure, Protein - Working with proteins, Protein - Protein regulation, Protein - Diversity, Protein - Role of Protein, Protein - Functions, Protein - Within Nutrition, Protein - History

Read more here: » Protein: Encyclopedia II - Protein - Role of Protein

There are genetic methods for studying proteins, methods for detecting proteins, methods for isolating and purifying proteins and other methods for characterizing the structure and function of proteins, often requireing that the protein first be purified. Protein methods - Genetic methods. conceptual translation- many proteins are never directly sequenced, but their sequence of amino acids is known by "conceptual translation" of a known mRNA sequence. See Genetic code. site-directed mutagene ...

See also:

Protein methods, Protein methods - List of Protein Methods, Protein methods - Genetic methods, Protein methods - Detecting proteins, Protein methods - Protein purification, Protein methods - Protein structures, Protein methods - Other methods

Read more here: » Protein methods: Encyclopedia II - Protein methods - List of Protein Methods

All peroxisomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes. The signal for uptake into the peroxisomal matrix is SKL (serine-lysine-leucine). Protein targeting - Diseases. Peroxisomal protein transport is defective in the following genetic diseases: Zellweger syndrome. Adrenoleukodystrophy (ADR). ...

See also:

Protein targeting, Protein targeting - Protein translocation, Protein targeting - Cotranslational translocation, Protein targeting - Posttranslational translocation, Protein targeting - Transmembrane proteins, Protein targeting - Sorting of proteins to mitochondria, Protein targeting - Sorting of proteins to peroxisomes, Protein targeting - Diseases, Protein targeting - Receptor-mediated endocytosis, Protein targeting - Protein destruction, Protein targeting - Protein targeting in bacteria, Protein targeting - Secretory pathways, Protein targeting - Early stages, Protein targeting - Later stages

Read more here: » Protein targeting: Encyclopedia II - Protein targeting - Sorting of proteins to peroxisomes

The first mention of the word protein, which means of first rank, were from a letter sent by Jöns Jakob Berzelius to Gerhardus Johannes Mulder on 10. July 1838, where he wrote: &Laquo;Le nom protéine que je vous propose pour l’oxyde organique de la fibrine et de l’albumine, je voulais le dériver de πρωτειοξ, parce qu’il paraît être la substance primitive ou principal ...

See also:

Protein, Protein - Properties of protein, Protein - Components and synthesis, Protein - Structure, Protein - Protein regulation, Protein - Diversity, Protein - Role of protein, Protein - Functions, Protein - Nutrition, Protein - Studying proteins, Protein - History

Read more here: » Protein: Encyclopedia II - Protein - History

The first mention of the word protein, which means of first rank, were from a letter sent by Jöns Jakob Berzelius to Gerhardus Johannes Mulder on 10. July 1838, where he wrote: «Le nom protéine que je vous propose pour l’oxyde organique de la fibrine et de l’albumine, je voulais le dériver de πρωτειοξ, parce qu’il paraît être la substance primitive ou principal ...

See also:

Protein, Protein - Properties of Protein, Protein - Structure, Protein - Working with proteins, Protein - Protein regulation, Protein - Diversity, Protein - Role of Protein, Protein - Functions, Protein - Within Nutrition, Protein - History

Read more here: » Protein: Encyclopedia II - Protein - History

In the early days of bulk protein purification, the first step in order to separate proteins by solubility in (NH4)2SO4. This is performed by adding increasing amounts of (NH4)2SO4 and collecting the different fractions. One large advantage of this method is that it can be performed with very large volumes. Protein purificati ...

See also:

Protein purification, Protein purification - Purpose, Protein purification - Strategies, Protein purification - Evaluating purification yield, Protein purification - Methods of protein purification, Protein purification - Preparative, Protein purification - Separation of the basis of Size, Protein purification - Separation on the basis of Physical Properties, Protein purification - Separation on the basis of affinity, Protein purification - Analytical, Protein purification - External link

Read more here: » Protein purification: Encyclopedia II - Protein purification - Preparative

Main article: Protein folding The process by which the higher structures form is called protein folding and is a consequence of the primary structure. A unique polypeptide may have more than one stable folded conformation, which could have a different biological activity, but usually, only one conformation is considered to be the active, or native conformation. ...

See also:

Protein structure, Protein structure - Amino acid structure, Protein structure - Side chain conformation, Protein structure - The polypeptide chain, Protein structure - Secondary structure elements, Protein structure - Multimeric states, Protein structure - Folds and motifs of protein structure, Protein structure - Protein folding, Protein structure - Structural domain, Protein structure - Structure classification, Protein structure - Protein structure determination, Protein structure - Computational prediction of protein structure, Protein structure - Softwares

Read more here: » Protein structure: Encyclopedia II - Protein structure - Protein folding

Gel electrophoresis is a common laboratory techniques that can be use both as preparative and analytical method. The priciple of electrophoresis relies on the movement of charged ion in an electric field. In practice, the proteins are denatured in a solution containing a detergent (SDS). In these conditions, the proteins are unfolded and coated them with negatively charged detergent molecules. The proteins in SDS- ...

See also:

Protein purification, Protein purification - Purpose, Protein purification - Strategies, Protein purification - Evaluating purification yield, Protein purification - Methods of protein purification, Protein purification - Preparative, Protein purification - Separation of the basis of Size, Protein purification - Separation on the basis of Physical Properties, Protein purification - Separation on the basis of affinity, Protein purification - Analytical, Protein purification - External link

Read more here: » Protein purification: Encyclopedia II - Protein purification - Analytical

Most mitochondrial proteins are synthesized as cytosolic precursors containing uptake peptide signals. Mitochondrial matrix targeting sequences are rich in positively charged amino acids and hydroxylated ones. Proteins are targeted to submitochondrial compartments by multiple signals and several pathways. Targeting to the outer membrane, intermembrane space, and inner membrane often requires another signal sequence in addition to the matrix targeting sequence. Cytosolic chaperones d ...

See also:

Protein targeting, Protein targeting - Protein translocation, Protein targeting - Cotranslational translocation, Protein targeting - Posttranslational translocation, Protein targeting - Transmembrane proteins, Protein targeting - Sorting of proteins to mitochondria, Protein targeting - Sorting of proteins to peroxisomes, Protein targeting - Diseases, Protein targeting - Receptor-mediated endocytosis, Protein targeting - Protein destruction, Protein targeting - Protein targeting in bacteria, Protein targeting - Secretory pathways, Protein targeting - Early stages, Protein targeting - Later stages

Read more here: » Protein targeting: Encyclopedia II - Protein targeting - Sorting of proteins to mitochondria

Although it is not enzymatically active, it is structurally related to several serine proteases of the coagulation cascade: factors VII, IX and X. The carboxyglutamate residues (which require vitamin K) bind protein Z to phospholipid surfaces. The main role of protein Z appears to be the degradation of factor Xa. This is done by protein Z-related protease inhibitor (ZPI), but the reaction is accelerated 1000-fold by the presence of protein Z. Oddly, ZPI also degrades factor XI, but this reaction doe ...

See also:

Protein Z, Protein Z - Physiology, Protein Z - Genetics, Protein Z - History

Read more here: » Protein Z: Encyclopedia II - Protein Z - Physiology

Soy protein {90%protein (N x 6.25) on a moisture-free basis} has been available since 1935 for its functional properties. In 1935, African-American chemist, Percy Julian, designed and supervised construction, at the Soy Products Division, Glidden Paint Company, Chicago,Illinois, of the world's first plant for the "isolation" of industrial-grade soy protein. The largest use of industrial grade protein was and still is for paper coatings,in which it serves as a pigment binder. However, Dr. Julian's plant must have also been the source, of the ...

See also:

Soy protein, Soy protein - History, Soy protein - Food uses, Soy protein - Functional uses, Soy protein - Production methods, Soy protein - Product types, Soy protein - Isolates, Soy protein - Concentrates, Soy protein - Flours, Soy protein - Health, Soy protein - Uses, Soy protein - Textured Soy Protein

Read more here: » Soy protein: Encyclopedia II - Soy protein - History