Prostitution - Legal issues. Roughly speaking, the possible attitudes are: abolition: "prostitution should be made to disappear" "prostitution is immoral and prostitutes and their clients should be prosecuted": the prevailing attitude in much of the United States and Muslim countries; "prostitution is a sad reality of exploitation of the prostitutes, especially women, but prostitutes should not be criminalized", the current situation in Turkey. "the clients of prosti ...

See also:

Prostitution, Prostitution - Overview and definitions, Prostitution - Types of prostitution, Prostitution - Street prostitution, Prostitution - Escort/Out-call Prostitution, Prostitution - Socio-economic and legal status of prostitution, Prostitution - Legality of selling sex, Prostitution - Advertising prostitution, Prostitution - Regulated prostitution, Prostitution - Prostitution of children, Prostitution - Prostitution and illegal immigration, Prostitution - Sex tourism, Prostitution - Violence against prostitutes, Prostitution - Human or sex trafficking, Prostitution - Medical situation, Prostitution - How common is prostitution?, Prostitution - Politics, Prostitution - Legal issues, Prostitution - Feminism, Prostitution - History

Read more here: » Prostitution: Encyclopedia II - Prostitution - Politics

See also:

Prostitution, Prostitution - Overview and definitions, Prostitution - Types of prostitution, Prostitution - Street prostitution, Prostitution - Escort/Out-call Prostitution, Prostitution - Socio-economic and legal status of prostitution, Prostitution - Legality of selling sex, Prostitution - Advertising prostitution, Prostitution - Regulated prostitution, Prostitution - Prostitution of children, Prostitution - Prostitution and illegal immigration, Prostitution - Sex tourism, Prostitution - Violence against prostitutes, Prostitution - Human or sex trafficking, Prostitution - Medical situation, Prostitution - How common is prostitution?, Prostitution - Politics, Prostitution - Legal issues, Prostitution - Feminism, Prostitution - History

Read more here: » Prostitution: Encyclopedia II - Prostitution - Overview and definitions

While prostitutes and their clients represent all sexes and all sexual orientations, the majority of clients are male. Prostitution is rejected by most modern religions as being improper or sinful, and prostitutes are considered to be shameful or individuals of low standing in most societies; in some cultures, their customers are typically also looked down upon but are usually tolerated to a greater degree than the prostitute. The English word whore, referring to (female) prostitutes, is taken from the Old English word hōra ...

See also:

Prostitution, Prostitution - Overview and definitions, Prostitution - Types of prostitution, Prostitution - Street prostitution, Prostitution - Escort/Out-call Prostitution, Prostitution - Socio-economic and legal status of prostitution, Prostitution - Legality of selling sex, Prostitution - Advertising prostitution, Prostitution - Regulated prostitution, Prostitution - Prostitution of children, Prostitution - Prostitution and illegal immigration, Prostitution - Sex tourism, Prostitution - Violence against prostitutes, Prostitution - Human or sex trafficking, Prostitution - Medical situation, Prostitution - How common is prostitution?, Prostitution - Politics, Prostitution - Legal issues, Prostitution - Feminism, Prostitution - History

Read more here: » Prostitution: Encyclopedia II - Prostitution - Overview and definitions

Prostitution is the sale of sexual services, such as oral sex or sexual intercourse, for money. A person selling sexual services is a prostitute, a type of sex worker. In a more general sense of the word, anyone selling his/her services for a cause thought to be unworthy can be described as prostituting him/herself. In the UK a prostitute is any individual, "who allows his/her body to be used for lewd purposes in return for payment". Prostitution - Overview and definitions. While prostitutes and thei ...

Including:

• Prostitution - Overview and definitions
• Prostitution - Types of prostitution
• Prostitution - Street prostitution
• Prostitution - Escort/Out-call Prostitution
• Prostitution - Socio-economic and legal status of prostitution
• Prostitution - Legality of selling sex
• Prostitution - Advertising prostitution
• Prostitution - Regulated prostitution
• Prostitution - Prostitution of children
• Prostitution - Prostitution and illegal immigration
• Prostitution - Sex tourism
• Prostitution - Violence against prostitutes
• Prostitution - Human or sex trafficking
• Prostitution - Medical situation
• Prostitution - How common is prostitution?
• Prostitution - Politics
• Prostitution - Legal issues
• Prostitution - Feminism
• Prostitution - History

Read more here: » Prostitution: Encyclopedia - Prostitution

D. A. Clarke has been a radical feminist essayist and activist in the United States of America since 1980. Much of her writing addresses the link between violence against women and market economics, although she may be best known for her 1991 essay "A Woman with a Sword". In that essay, which she has updated twice for editions of the anthology Transforming a Rape Culture, she argues that feminist theory has taken a dogmatic approach to nonviolence and that women's self-defense, violent feminist activism, and the encouragment of ...

Including:

• D. A. Clarke - Works by D.A. Clarke
• D. A. Clarke - Books
• D. A. Clarke - Internet resources

Read more here: » D. A. Clarke: Encyclopedia - D. A. Clarke

Xanith, also written as "khanith" is a vernacular Arabic term for both "mukhannath" and "khuntha". "Mukhannath" refers to individuals with a gender identity that is discordant with their visible sexual organs. They are characterized as "effeminate", "not clearly male," and as people who were "born as a male" and who nevertheless feel, behave, and (in most cases) dress like a female. "Khuntha" refers to intersexed human beings. John Money summarizes material presented by U. Wiktan in an article entitled "Man becomes woman: Trans ...

Including:

• Xanith - See Also

Read more here: » Xanith: Encyclopedia - Xanith

Like those in some branches of feminism, many scholars in Queer theory view prostitution, pornography and BDSM as legitimate and valuable expressions of human sexuality. For example, Pat Califia in Feminism and Sadomasochism (ISBN 1573440965) writes about how sadomasochism encourages fluidity and questions the naturalness of binary dichotomies in society: "The dynamic between a top and a bottom is quite different from the dynamic between men and women, blacks and whites, or upper- and working-class people. That system is ...

See also:

Queer theory, Queer theory - Queer Theory and Feminism, Queer theory - History, Queer theory - The role of biology, Queer theory - The role of language, Queer theory - Hybrid theories, Queer theory - Prostitution pornography and BDSM, Queer theory - Media and other creative works, Queer theory - Sources

Read more here: » Queer theory: Encyclopedia II - Queer theory - Prostitution pornography and BDSM

Sex-positive feminism - Pornography. The issue of pornography was perhaps the first issue to unite sex-positive feminists, though current sex-positive views on the subject are wide-ranging and complex. During the 1980s, Andrea Dworkin and Catharine MacKinnon, as well as activists inspired by their writings, worked in favor of anti-pornography ordinances in a number of U.S. cities, as well as in Canada. The first such ordinance was passed by the city council in Minneapolis in 1983. MacKinnon and Dworkin took the n ...

See also:

Sex-positive feminism, Sex-positive feminism - Historical roots, Sex-positive feminism - Major political issues related to sex-positive feminism, Sex-positive feminism - Pornography, Sex-positive feminism - Prostitution, Sex-positive feminism - S/M, Sex-positive feminism - Sexual orientation, Sex-positive feminism - Gender orientation, Sex-positive feminism - Debates within sex-positive feminism, Sex-positive feminism - Critiques of sex-positive feminism, Sex-positive feminism - Further Resources, Sex-positive feminism - Sex-positive literature

Read more here: » Sex-positive feminism: Encyclopedia II - Sex-positive feminism - Major political issues related to sex-positive feminism

Authors such as Gayle Rubin (Rubin, 1984) and Wendy McElroy (McElroy, 1995) argue that sex-positive feminism's roots date back to the 19th century, in the work of sex reformers and workers for sex education and access to contraception such as Havelock Ellis, Margaret Sanger, and later, Alfred Kinsey. However, the contemporary incarnation of sex-positive feminism appeared more recently, following the increase in feminist focus on p ...

See also:

Sex-positive feminism, Sex-positive feminism - Historical roots, Sex-positive feminism - Major political issues related to sex-positive feminism, Sex-positive feminism - Pornography, Sex-positive feminism - Prostitution, Sex-positive feminism - S/M, Sex-positive feminism - Sexual orientation, Sex-positive feminism - Gender orientation, Sex-positive feminism - Debates within sex-positive feminism, Sex-positive feminism - Critiques of sex-positive feminism, Sex-positive feminism - Further Resources, Sex-positive feminism - Sex-positive literature

Read more here: » Sex-positive feminism: Encyclopedia II - Sex-positive feminism - Historical roots

Like feminism itself, sex-positive feminism is difficult to define, and few within the movement (particularly the academic arm of the movement) agree on any one ideology or policy agenda. An example of how feminists may disagree on whether a particular cultural work exemplifies sex-positivity is Betty Dodson's critique of Eve Ensler's The Vagina Monologues. Dodson argues that the play promotes a negative view of sexuality, emphasizing sexual violence against women rather than the redemptive value of female sexuality. Many other sex-positive feminists have embraced Ensle ...

See also:

Sex-positive feminism, Sex-positive feminism - Historical roots, Sex-positive feminism - Major political issues related to sex-positive feminism, Sex-positive feminism - Pornography, Sex-positive feminism - Prostitution, Sex-positive feminism - S/M, Sex-positive feminism - Sexual orientation, Sex-positive feminism - Gender orientation, Sex-positive feminism - Debates within sex-positive feminism, Sex-positive feminism - Critiques of sex-positive feminism, Sex-positive feminism - Further Resources, Sex-positive feminism - Sex-positive literature

Read more here: » Sex-positive feminism: Encyclopedia II - Sex-positive feminism - Debates within sex-positive feminism

Like those in some branches of feminism, many scholars in Queer theory view prostitution, pornography and BDSM as legitimate and valuable expressions of human sexuality. For example, Pat Califia in Feminism and Sadomasochism (ISBN 1573440965) writes about how sadomasochism encourages fluidity and questions the naturalness of binary dichotomies in society: "The dynamic between a top and a bottom is quite different from the dynamic between men and women, blacks and whites, or upper- and working-class people. That system is ...

See also:

Queer theory, Queer theory - History, Queer theory - The role of biology, Queer theory - The role of language, Queer theory - Hybrid theories, Queer theory - Prostitution pornography and BDSM, Queer theory - Media and other creative works, Queer theory - Sources

Read more here: » Queer theory: Encyclopedia II - Queer theory - Prostitution pornography and BDSM

Authors and activists who have written important works about sex-positive, and/or contributed to educating the public about it, include Susie Bright, Carol Queen, Kathy Acker, Annie Sprinkle, Candida Royalle, Nina Hartley and Inga Muscio. Many of these have written from the perspective of feminist women working in the sex industry. Another author, sex educator Betty Dodson, deserves special mention for her advocacy of masturbation. Dodson holds a Doctorate (Ph.D.) from the Institute for the Advanced S ...

See also:

Sex-positive feminism, Sex-positive feminism - Historical roots, Sex-positive feminism - Major political issues related to sex-positive feminism, Sex-positive feminism - Pornography, Sex-positive feminism - Prostitution, Sex-positive feminism - S/M, Sex-positive feminism - Sexual orientation, Sex-positive feminism - Gender orientation, Sex-positive feminism - Debates within sex-positive feminism, Sex-positive feminism - Critiques of sex-positive feminism, Sex-positive feminism - Further Resources, Sex-positive feminism - Sex-positive literature

Read more here: » Sex-positive feminism: Encyclopedia II - Sex-positive feminism - Further Resources

Queer theorists focus on problems in classifying every individual as either "male" or "female," even on a strictly biological basis. For example, the sex chromosomes (X and Y) may exist in atypical combinations (as in Klinefelter's syndrome [XXY]). This complicates the use of genotype as a means to define exactly two distinct genders. Intersexed individuals may for many different biological reasons have ambiguous sexual characteristics. Scientists who have written on the conceptual significance of intersexual individuals include ...

See also:

Queer theory, Queer theory - Queer Theory and Feminism, Queer theory - History, Queer theory - The role of biology, Queer theory - The role of language, Queer theory - Hybrid theories, Queer theory - Prostitution pornography and BDSM, Queer theory - Media and other creative works, Queer theory - Sources

Read more here: » Queer theory: Encyclopedia II - Queer theory - The role of biology

Some people aligned with queer theory work from a Lacanian point of view. This proposes that biological aspects are not relevant to those who view the process of construction as taking place within the confines of a language system. These critics find that language constructs an idea of self and gender/sex distinctions. For these theorists, some biological truths may exist, but our conception of them remains mediated by both culture and language. Many queer theorists, however, do not ...

See also:

Queer theory, Queer theory - Queer Theory and Feminism, Queer theory - History, Queer theory - The role of biology, Queer theory - The role of language, Queer theory - Hybrid theories, Queer theory - Prostitution pornography and BDSM, Queer theory - Media and other creative works, Queer theory - Sources

Read more here: » Queer theory: Encyclopedia II - Queer theory - The role of language

Many queer theorists have created creative works that reflect theoretical perspectives in a wide variety of media. For example, science fiction authors such as Samuel Delany and Octavia Butler feature many values and themes from queer theory in their work. Patrick Califia's published fiction also draws heavily on concepts and ideas from queer theory. In film, the genre of film known as New Queer Cinema draws heavily on the prevailing critical climate of queer theory; a good example of this is the Jean Genet-inspired movie Poison by th ...

See also:

Queer theory, Queer theory - Queer Theory and Feminism, Queer theory - History, Queer theory - The role of biology, Queer theory - The role of language, Queer theory - Hybrid theories, Queer theory - Prostitution pornography and BDSM, Queer theory - Media and other creative works, Queer theory - Sources

Read more here: » Queer theory: Encyclopedia II - Queer theory - Media and other creative works

Influences on queer theory include (among others) Gloria Anzaldua, Audre Lorde, Monique Wittig, Jonathan D. Katz, Ester Newton, Andy Warhol, Roland Barthes, Jacques Lacan, Louis Althusser, and Jacques Derrida, but the primary voices in the development of Queer theory are Gayle Rubin, Kaja Silverman, D.A. Miller, Sue-Ellen Case, Douglas Crimp, Lauren Berlant, John D'Emilio, Lee Edelman, Michel Foucault, Joan Scott, Simon Watney, Judith Butler, Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, Jonathan Dollimore, Leo Bersani, David Halperin, Michael Moon, Michael ...

See also:

Queer theory, Queer theory - Queer Theory and Feminism, Queer theory - History, Queer theory - The role of biology, Queer theory - The role of language, Queer theory - Hybrid theories, Queer theory - Prostitution pornography and BDSM, Queer theory - Media and other creative works, Queer theory - Sources

Read more here: » Queer theory: Encyclopedia II - Queer theory - History

Many queer theorists have created creative works that reflect theoretical perspectives in a wide variety of media. For example, science fiction authors such as Samuel Delany and Octavia Butler feature many values and themes from queer theory in their work. Patrick Califia's published fiction also draws heavily on concepts and ideas from queer theory. In film, the genre of film known as New Queer Cinema draws heavily on the prevailing critical climate of queer theory; a good example of this is the Jean Genet-inspired movie Poison by th ...

See also:

Queer theory, Queer theory - History, Queer theory - The role of biology, Queer theory - The role of language, Queer theory - Hybrid theories, Queer theory - Prostitution pornography and BDSM, Queer theory - Media and other creative works, Queer theory - Sources

Read more here: » Queer theory: Encyclopedia II - Queer theory - Media and other creative works

Influences on queer theory include (among others) Gloria Anzaldua, Audre Lorde, Monique Wittig, Jonathan D. Katz, Ester Newton, Andy Warhol, Roland Barthes, Jacques Lacan, Louis Althusser, and Jacques Derrida, but the primary voices in the development of Queer theory are Gayle Rubin, Kaja Silverman, D.A. Miller, Sue-Ellen Case, Douglas Crimp, Lauren Berlant, John D'Emilio, Lee Edelman, Michel Foucault, Joan Scott, Simon Watney, Judith Butler, Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, Jonathan Dollimore, Leo Bersani, David Halperin, Michael Moon, Michael ...

See also:

Queer theory, Queer theory - History, Queer theory - The role of biology, Queer theory - The role of language, Queer theory - Hybrid theories, Queer theory - Prostitution pornography and BDSM, Queer theory - Media and other creative works, Queer theory - Sources

Read more here: » Queer theory: Encyclopedia II - Queer theory - History

Queer theorists focus on problems in classifying every individual as either "male" or "female," even on a strictly biological basis. For example, the sex chromosomes (X and Y) may exist in atypical combinations (as in Klinefelter's syndrome [XXY]). This complicates the use of genotype as a means to define exactly two distinct genders. Intersexed individuals may for many different biological reasons have ambiguous sexual characteristics. Scientists who have written on the conceptual significance of intersexual individuals include ...

See also:

Queer theory, Queer theory - History, Queer theory - The role of biology, Queer theory - The role of language, Queer theory - Hybrid theories, Queer theory - Prostitution pornography and BDSM, Queer theory - Media and other creative works, Queer theory - Sources

Read more here: » Queer theory: Encyclopedia II - Queer theory - The role of biology

Some people aligned with queer theory work from a Lacanian point of view. This proposes that biological aspects are not relevant to those who view the process of construction as taking place within the confines of a language system. These critics find that language constructs an idea of self and gender/sex distinctions. For these theorists, some biological truths may exist, but our conception of them remains mediated by both culture and language. Many queer theorists, however, do not ...

See also:

Queer theory, Queer theory - History, Queer theory - The role of biology, Queer theory - The role of language, Queer theory - Hybrid theories, Queer theory - Prostitution pornography and BDSM, Queer theory - Media and other creative works, Queer theory - Sources

Read more here: » Queer theory: Encyclopedia II - Queer theory - The role of language