Milton Friedman (1979) notes that licensure is widely used to restrict entry, particularly for occupations like medicine that have many individual practitioners dealing with a large number of individual customers (see for example the American Medical Association). The justification given by lobbyists for licensure laws is always to protect the consumer, but the real motivation behind licensure is to limit the supply of specific kinds of labor in order to raise their wages. In Rhode Island, barbers, cosmetologists, arborists, massage therapists, landscape archit ...

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Licensure, Licensure - Restricting Entry, Licensure - Examples of professions requiring licensure

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In countries where the legal system entitles defendants to a jury by their peers, the general public may not be considered sufficiently knowledgeable in a field of practice to act as a peer in some legal cases. For example, the average person may not be able to determine if a civil engineer took reasonable care to ensure a bridge would not collapse. Therefore, the government may define self-governing p ...

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Professional body, Professional body - Legal functions

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It could be said that the modern discipline of electronics engineering was to a large extent born out of radio and television development and from the large amount of second world war development of defence systems and weapons. In the interwar years, the subject was known as radio engineering and it was only in the late 1950s that the term electronics engineering started to emerge. In the UK, the subject of electronics engineering became distinct from electrical engineering as a university degree subject around 1960. Students o ...

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Electronics engineering, Electronics engineering - History of electronics engineering, Electronics engineering - Early radio, Electronics engineering - Tubes or valves, Electronics engineering - Phonographs and radiograms, Electronics engineering - Television, Electronics engineering - Radar and radio location, Electronics engineering - Computers, Electronics engineering - Transistors, Electronics engineering - Microprocessors, Electronics engineering - Electronics, Electronics engineering - Typical electronics engineering undergraduate syllabus, Electronics engineering - Electromagnetics, Electronics engineering - Network theory, Electronics engineering - Electronic devices and circuits, Electronics engineering - Signals and systems, Electronics engineering - Control systems, Electronics engineering - Communications, Electronics engineering - Education and training, Electronics engineering - Licensure certification and regulation, Electronics engineering - Professional bodies, Electronics engineering - Modern electronics engineering, Electronics engineering - Subfields, Electronics engineering - Overview of electronics engineering, Electronics engineering - Project engineering, Electronics engineering - List of universities with separate Electronics departments, Electronics engineering - Citations

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The Higher Diploma (Ard-Dioplóma in Irish) is an award that will replace the Graduate Diploma in the Republic of Ireland of the Higher Education and Training Awards Council. The Higher Diploma is currently available in Irish colleges and will be awarded from June 2005, the standard of the award will be broadly similar to the Graduate Diploma and replace the reorientation type courses. Professional type Graduate Diplomas wil ...

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Higher Diploma, Higher Diploma - Hong Kong, Higher Diploma - Ireland, Higher Diploma - Common Higher Diplomas

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College entrance is based largely on the scores that students achieved in entrance examinations (jap. nyūgaku shiken 入学試験). Private institutions accounted for nearly 80 % of all university enrollments in 1991, but with a few exceptions, the public national universities are the most highly regarded. This distinction had its origins in historical factors--the long years of dominance of the select imperial universities, such as Tokyo and Kyoto universities, which trained Japan's leaders before the war--and also in differences in ...

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Higher education in Japan, Higher education in Japan - College Entrance, Higher education in Japan - Universities, Higher education in Japan - Junior Colleges, Higher education in Japan - Special Training Schools, Higher education in Japan - Miscellaneous Schools, Higher education in Japan - Technical Colleges, Higher education in Japan - Graduate Education, Higher education in Japan - Reference

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Microsoft Certified Professional - Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer. Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer (or MCSE) is the best-known certification. As of 2006, the MCSE is available for two different products, Windows 2000 and Windows Server 2003. A candidate must also pass a single design exam and an elective exam for a total of seven exams. Some Windows 2 ...

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Microsoft Certified Professional, Microsoft Certified Professional - Certification Programs, Microsoft Certified Professional - Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer, Microsoft Certified Professional - Microsoft Certified Application Developer, Microsoft Certified Professional - Microsoft Certified Solution Developer, Microsoft Certified Professional - Microsoft Certified Systems Administrator, Microsoft Certified Professional - Microsoft Certified Database Administrator, Microsoft Certified Professional - Microsoft Certified Desktop Support Technician, Microsoft Certified Professional - Microsoft Office Specialist, Microsoft Certified Professional - Microsoft Certified Trainer, Microsoft Certified Professional - Criticism, Microsoft Certified Professional - Microsoft response to criticism

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The year was 1951. Harry S. Truman was President of the United States. A 3 bedroom home cost $9,000.00. A new Ford listed for $1,480.00; postage was $.03; and a loaf of bread cost $.16. Joe DiMaggio retired from baseball; I Love Lucy premiered; and peace talks began in Korea. In Chicago, a group of machine accountants got together and decided that the future was only beginning for the TAB machines they were operating. They were members of a local group called the Machine Accountants Association (MAA). The technology was new; something ...

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Association of Information Technology Professionals, Association of Information Technology Professionals - History, Association of Information Technology Professionals - Ethics, Association of Information Technology Professionals - Standards of Conduct, Association of Information Technology Professionals - Certified Computer Professional

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Sun Certified Professional - Sun Certified Java Associate. Sun Certified Professional - Sun Certified Java Programmer. The Sun Certified Java Programmer (or SCJP) exam is the entry level Java exam which is a prerequisite to the other Java-related certifications. It is designed to demonstrate that the programmer has met a fairly detailed test of basic knowledge of the essentials of the Java programming language. It tests only for the essentials of the language such as classes, looping constructs and variables, and does not cover many ...

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Sun Certified Professional, Sun Certified Professional - Java certification programs, Sun Certified Professional - Sun Certified Java Associate, Sun Certified Professional - Sun Certified Java Programmer, Sun Certified Professional - Sun Certified Java Developer, Sun Certified Professional - Sun Certified Web Component Developer, Sun Certified Professional - Sun Certified Business Component Developer, Sun Certified Professional - Sun Certified Developer for Java Web Services, Sun Certified Professional - Sun Certified Mobile Application Developer, Sun Certified Professional - Sun Certified Enterprise Architect, Sun Certified Professional - Solaris Operating System certifications, Sun Certified Professional - Sun Certified System Administrator for the Solaris Operating System, Sun Certified Professional - Sun Certified Network Administrator for the Solaris Operating System, Sun Certified Professional - Sun Certified Security Administrator for the Solaris Operating System, Sun Certified Professional - Directory Server certifications, Sun Certified Professional - Sun Certified Engineer for Sun ONE Directory Server

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Electrical engineering - Early developments in electricity. Electricity has been a subject of scientific interest since at least the 17th century, but it was not until the 19th century that research into the subject started to intensify. Notable developments in this century include the work of Georg Ohm, who in 1827 quantified the relationship between the electric current and potential difference in a conductor, Michael Faraday, the discoverer of electromagnetic induction in 1831, and James Clerk Maxwell, who in ...

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Electrical engineering, Electrical engineering - History, Electrical engineering - Early developments in electricity, Electrical engineering - Emergence of radio and electronics, Electrical engineering - Education, Electrical engineering - Practicing engineers, Electrical engineering - Tools and work, Electrical engineering - Sub-disciplines, Electrical engineering - Power engineering, Electrical engineering - Control engineering, Electrical engineering - Electronics engineering, Electrical engineering - Signal processing, Electrical engineering - Telecommunications engineering, Electrical engineering - Instrumentation engineering, Electrical engineering - Computer engineering, Electrical engineering - Related disciplines

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In the subfield of electronics engineering, engineers design and test electrical networks (more commonly known as circuits) that use the electromagnetic properties of electrical components such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes and transistors to achieve a particular functionality. The tuner circuit, which allows the user of a radio to filter out all but a single station, is just one example of such a circuit. Electronics is often considered to have begun when Lee De Forest invented the vacuum tube in 1907. ...

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Electronics engineering, Electronics engineering - History of electronics engineering, Electronics engineering - Early radio, Electronics engineering - Tubes or valves, Electronics engineering - Phonographs and radiograms, Electronics engineering - Television, Electronics engineering - Radar and radio location, Electronics engineering - Computers, Electronics engineering - Transistors, Electronics engineering - Microprocessors, Electronics engineering - Electronics, Electronics engineering - Typical electronics engineering undergraduate syllabus, Electronics engineering - Electromagnetics, Electronics engineering - Network theory, Electronics engineering - Electronic devices and circuits, Electronics engineering - Signals and systems, Electronics engineering - Control systems, Electronics engineering - Communications, Electronics engineering - Education and training, Electronics engineering - Licensure certification and regulation, Electronics engineering - Professional bodies, Electronics engineering - Modern electronics engineering, Electronics engineering - Subfields, Electronics engineering - Overview of electronics engineering, Electronics engineering - Project engineering, Electronics engineering - List of universities with separate Electronics departments, Electronics engineering - Citations

Read more here: » Electronics engineering: Encyclopedia II - Electronics engineering - Electronics

Apart from electromagnetics and network theory, other items in the syllabus are particular to electronics engineering course. Electrical engineering courses have other specialisms such as machines, power generation and distribution. Note that the following list does not include the large quantity of mathematics (maybe apart from the final year) included in each year's study. Electronics engineering - Electromagnetics. Elements of vector calculus: divergence and curl; Gauss' and Stokes' theore ...

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Electronics engineering, Electronics engineering - History of electronics engineering, Electronics engineering - Early radio, Electronics engineering - Tubes or valves, Electronics engineering - Phonographs and radiograms, Electronics engineering - Television, Electronics engineering - Radar and radio location, Electronics engineering - Computers, Electronics engineering - Transistors, Electronics engineering - Microprocessors, Electronics engineering - Electronics, Electronics engineering - Typical electronics engineering undergraduate syllabus, Electronics engineering - Electromagnetics, Electronics engineering - Network theory, Electronics engineering - Electronic devices and circuits, Electronics engineering - Signals and systems, Electronics engineering - Control systems, Electronics engineering - Communications, Electronics engineering - Education and training, Electronics engineering - Licensure certification and regulation, Electronics engineering - Professional bodies, Electronics engineering - Modern electronics engineering, Electronics engineering - Subfields, Electronics engineering - Overview of electronics engineering, Electronics engineering - Project engineering, Electronics engineering - List of universities with separate Electronics departments, Electronics engineering - Citations

Read more here: » Electronics engineering: Encyclopedia II - Electronics engineering - Typical electronics engineering undergraduate syllabus

Some locations require a license for one to legally be called an electronics engineer, or an engineer in general. For example, in the United States and Canada "only a licensed engineer may seal engineering work for public and private clients". [2] This requirement is enforced by state and provincial legislation such as Quebec's Engineers Act. [3] In other countries, such as Australia, no such legislation exists. Practically all certifying bodies maintain a code of ethics that they expect all members to abide by or risk expulsion. [4] In this ...

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Electronics engineering, Electronics engineering - History of electronics engineering, Electronics engineering - Early radio, Electronics engineering - Tubes or valves, Electronics engineering - Phonographs and radiograms, Electronics engineering - Television, Electronics engineering - Radar and radio location, Electronics engineering - Computers, Electronics engineering - Transistors, Electronics engineering - Microprocessors, Electronics engineering - Electronics, Electronics engineering - Typical electronics engineering undergraduate syllabus, Electronics engineering - Electromagnetics, Electronics engineering - Network theory, Electronics engineering - Electronic devices and circuits, Electronics engineering - Signals and systems, Electronics engineering - Control systems, Electronics engineering - Communications, Electronics engineering - Education and training, Electronics engineering - Licensure certification and regulation, Electronics engineering - Professional bodies, Electronics engineering - Modern electronics engineering, Electronics engineering - Subfields, Electronics engineering - Overview of electronics engineering, Electronics engineering - Project engineering, Electronics engineering - List of universities with separate Electronics departments, Electronics engineering - Citations

Read more here: » Electronics engineering: Encyclopedia II - Electronics engineering - Licensure certification and regulation

Please remove this notice after the article has been expanded. Details are on this talk page or at Wikipedia:Requests for expansion. Sun Certified Professional - Sun Certified System Administrator for the Solaris Operating System. Sun Certified Professional - Sun Certified Network Administrator for the Solaris Operating System. Sun Certified Profes ...

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Sun Certified Professional, Sun Certified Professional - Java certification programs, Sun Certified Professional - Sun Certified Java Associate, Sun Certified Professional - Sun Certified Java Programmer, Sun Certified Professional - Sun Certified Java Developer, Sun Certified Professional - Sun Certified Web Component Developer, Sun Certified Professional - Sun Certified Business Component Developer, Sun Certified Professional - Sun Certified Developer for Java Web Services, Sun Certified Professional - Sun Certified Mobile Application Developer, Sun Certified Professional - Sun Certified Enterprise Architect, Sun Certified Professional - Solaris Operating System certifications, Sun Certified Professional - Sun Certified System Administrator for the Solaris Operating System, Sun Certified Professional - Sun Certified Network Administrator for the Solaris Operating System, Sun Certified Professional - Sun Certified Security Administrator for the Solaris Operating System, Sun Certified Professional - Directory Server certifications, Sun Certified Professional - Sun Certified Engineer for Sun ONE Directory Server

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For most engineers not involved at the cutting edge of system design and development, technical work accounts for only a fraction of the work they do. A lot of time is also spent on tasks such as discussing proposals with clients, preparing budgets and determining project schedules. Many senior engineers manage a team of technicians or other engineers and for this reason project management skills are important. Most engineering projects involve some form of documentation and st ...

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Electronics engineering, Electronics engineering - History of electronics engineering, Electronics engineering - Early radio, Electronics engineering - Tubes or valves, Electronics engineering - Phonographs and radiograms, Electronics engineering - Television, Electronics engineering - Radar and radio location, Electronics engineering - Computers, Electronics engineering - Transistors, Electronics engineering - Microprocessors, Electronics engineering - Electronics, Electronics engineering - Typical electronics engineering undergraduate syllabus, Electronics engineering - Electromagnetics, Electronics engineering - Network theory, Electronics engineering - Electronic devices and circuits, Electronics engineering - Signals and systems, Electronics engineering - Control systems, Electronics engineering - Communications, Electronics engineering - Education and training, Electronics engineering - Licensure certification and regulation, Electronics engineering - Professional bodies, Electronics engineering - Modern electronics engineering, Electronics engineering - Subfields, Electronics engineering - Overview of electronics engineering, Electronics engineering - Project engineering, Electronics engineering - List of universities with separate Electronics departments, Electronics engineering - Citations

Read more here: » Electronics engineering: Encyclopedia II - Electronics engineering - Project engineering

Electronics engineering has many subfields. This section describes some of the most popular subfields in electronics engineering. Although there are engineers who focus exclusively on one subfield, there are also many who focus on a combination of subfields. For more information on each of the following, click the read more... link. Electronics engineering - Overview of electronics engineering. Electronics engineering involves the design and testing of electronic circuits that use the electronic properties of components such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes a ...

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Electronics engineering, Electronics engineering - History of electronics engineering, Electronics engineering - Early radio, Electronics engineering - Tubes or valves, Electronics engineering - Phonographs and radiograms, Electronics engineering - Television, Electronics engineering - Radar and radio location, Electronics engineering - Computers, Electronics engineering - Transistors, Electronics engineering - Microprocessors, Electronics engineering - Electronics, Electronics engineering - Typical electronics engineering undergraduate syllabus, Electronics engineering - Electromagnetics, Electronics engineering - Network theory, Electronics engineering - Electronic devices and circuits, Electronics engineering - Signals and systems, Electronics engineering - Control systems, Electronics engineering - Communications, Electronics engineering - Education and training, Electronics engineering - Licensure certification and regulation, Electronics engineering - Professional bodies, Electronics engineering - Modern electronics engineering, Electronics engineering - Subfields, Electronics engineering - Overview of electronics engineering, Electronics engineering - Project engineering, Electronics engineering - List of universities with separate Electronics departments, Electronics engineering - Citations

Read more here: » Electronics engineering: Encyclopedia II - Electronics engineering - Subfields

Electronics engineering in Europe is a very broad field that encompasses many subfields including those that deal with, electronic devices and circuit design, control systems, electronics and telecommunications, computer systems, embedded software etc. Many European universities now have departments of Electronics that are completely separate from or have completely replaced their electrical engineering departments. ...

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Electronics engineering, Electronics engineering - History of electronics engineering, Electronics engineering - Early radio, Electronics engineering - Tubes or valves, Electronics engineering - Phonographs and radiograms, Electronics engineering - Television, Electronics engineering - Radar and radio location, Electronics engineering - Computers, Electronics engineering - Transistors, Electronics engineering - Microprocessors, Electronics engineering - Electronics, Electronics engineering - Typical electronics engineering undergraduate syllabus, Electronics engineering - Electromagnetics, Electronics engineering - Network theory, Electronics engineering - Electronic devices and circuits, Electronics engineering - Signals and systems, Electronics engineering - Control systems, Electronics engineering - Communications, Electronics engineering - Education and training, Electronics engineering - Licensure certification and regulation, Electronics engineering - Professional bodies, Electronics engineering - Modern electronics engineering, Electronics engineering - Subfields, Electronics engineering - Overview of electronics engineering, Electronics engineering - Project engineering, Electronics engineering - List of universities with separate Electronics departments, Electronics engineering - Citations

Read more here: » Electronics engineering: Encyclopedia II - Electronics engineering - Modern electronics engineering

Electronics engineers typically possess an academic degree with a major in electronics engineering. The length of study for such a degree is usually three or four years and the completed degree may be designated as a Bachelor of Engineering, Bachelor of Science or Bachelor of Applied Science depending upon the university. The degree generally includes units covering physics, mathematics, project management and specific topics in electrical engineering. Initially such topics cover most, if not all, of the subfields of electronics engineering. Students then choose to ...

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Electronics engineering, Electronics engineering - History of electronics engineering, Electronics engineering - Early radio, Electronics engineering - Tubes or valves, Electronics engineering - Phonographs and radiograms, Electronics engineering - Television, Electronics engineering - Radar and radio location, Electronics engineering - Computers, Electronics engineering - Transistors, Electronics engineering - Microprocessors, Electronics engineering - Electronics, Electronics engineering - Typical electronics engineering undergraduate syllabus, Electronics engineering - Electromagnetics, Electronics engineering - Network theory, Electronics engineering - Electronic devices and circuits, Electronics engineering - Signals and systems, Electronics engineering - Control systems, Electronics engineering - Communications, Electronics engineering - Education and training, Electronics engineering - Licensure certification and regulation, Electronics engineering - Professional bodies, Electronics engineering - Modern electronics engineering, Electronics engineering - Subfields, Electronics engineering - Overview of electronics engineering, Electronics engineering - Project engineering, Electronics engineering - List of universities with separate Electronics departments, Electronics engineering - Citations

Read more here: » Electronics engineering: Encyclopedia II - Electronics engineering - Education and training

Graduate schools became a part of the formal higher education system only after World War II and are still not stressed in the 1990s. Even though 60 % of all universities have graduate schools, only 7 % of university graduates advance to master's programs, and total graduate school enrollment is about 4 % of the entire university student population. The pattern of graduate enrollment is almost the opposite of that of undergraduates: the majority (63 %) of all graduate students are enrolled in the national universities, and it appears ...

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Higher education in Japan, Higher education in Japan - College Entrance, Higher education in Japan - Universities, Higher education in Japan - Junior Colleges, Higher education in Japan - Special Training Schools, Higher education in Japan - Miscellaneous Schools, Higher education in Japan - Technical Colleges, Higher education in Japan - Graduate Education, Higher education in Japan - Reference

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From the global positioning system to electric power generation, electrical engineers are responsible for a wide range of technologies. They design, develop, test and supervise the deployment of electrical systems and electronic devices. For example, they may work on the design of telecommunication systems, the operation of electric power stations, the lighting and wiring of buildings, the design of household appliances or the electrical control of industrial machinery.^{See also:}

Electrical engineering, Electrical engineering - History, Electrical engineering - Early developments in electricity, Electrical engineering - Emergence of radio and electronics, Electrical engineering - Education, Electrical engineering - Practicing engineers, Electrical engineering - Tools and work, Electrical engineering - Sub-disciplines, Electrical engineering - Power engineering, Electrical engineering - Control engineering, Electrical engineering - Electronics engineering, Electrical engineering - Signal processing, Electrical engineering - Telecommunications engineering, Electrical engineering - Instrumentation engineering, Electrical engineering - Computer engineering, Electrical engineering - Related disciplines

Read more here: » Electrical engineering: Encyclopedia II - Electrical engineering - Tools and work

In most countries, a Bachelor's degree in engineering represents the first step towards professional certification and the degree program itself is certified by a professional body. After completing a certified degree program the engineer must satisfy a range of requirements (including work experience requirements) before being certified. Once certified the engineer is designated the title of Professional Engineer (in the United States and Canada), Chartered Engineer (in the United Kingdom, Ireland, India, South Africa and Zimbabwe), Chartered Professional Engineer (in A ...

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Electrical engineering, Electrical engineering - History, Electrical engineering - Early developments in electricity, Electrical engineering - Emergence of radio and electronics, Electrical engineering - Education, Electrical engineering - Practicing engineers, Electrical engineering - Tools and work, Electrical engineering - Sub-disciplines, Electrical engineering - Power engineering, Electrical engineering - Control engineering, Electrical engineering - Electronics engineering, Electrical engineering - Signal processing, Electrical engineering - Telecommunications engineering, Electrical engineering - Instrumentation engineering, Electrical engineering - Computer engineering, Electrical engineering - Related disciplines

Read more here: » Electrical engineering: Encyclopedia II - Electrical engineering - Practicing engineers