Principles

A principle is something, usually a rule or norm, that is part of the basis for something else. For example, the ethics of someone may be seen as a set of principles that the individual obeys. These principles form the basis for their ethics. Principles may also be introduced as pedagogy: laying down basics in a topic, in order later to proceed to more detailed developments. Identifying or defining a rule as a principle says that, for the purpose at hand, the principle will not be questioned or further derived. This is a convenient way ...

Principles: Encyclopedia II - Principles of Warfare - Prescriptive principles of warfare Principles of Warfare - Ancient principles. The Book of Deuteronomy prescribes how the Israelite army was to fight, including dealing with plunder, enslavement of the enemy women and children and forbidding the destruction of fruit-bearing trees. Principles of Warfare - Modern principles. See: Hague Conventions, Geneva Conventions There are several issues where appropriate the laws of land warfare are ambiguous or obsolescent. Among these are the use of private contractors as soldiers or private arm ...

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Uncertainty principle - The theorem

Uncertainty principle - Generalizations

Uncertainty principle - Humor

Principles: Principles Of 'Self'

Through discrimination, the seeker has to isolate the pure innermost Self from the mental coverings.

The Self is only reflected in the clear mind.

The Self, as pure Awareness, has to be seen as being distinct from body and mind.

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Principles: Cardinal Principles

Only direct Knowledge can be the cause for Liberation. Action by itself cannot destroy our illusions and delusions. It is because of our ignorance that we appear to be finite. When ignorance is destroyed by

Knowledge, the Self reveals Itself by itself, like the sun when the clouds are removed.

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Principles: The Principles of Yoga

The Principles of Yoga

In this article, the five principles of Yoga will be detailed. These are the foundations of Yoga Practice; Correct Relaxation, Proper Breathing, Good Exercise, Positive Thinking and Suitable Diet.

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Principles: Encyclopedia - Anthropic principle

In cosmology, the anthropic principle in its most basic form states the truism that any valid theory of the universe must be consistent with our existence as carbon-based human beings at this particular time and place in the universe. In other words, "If something must be true for us, as humans, to exist; then it is true simply because we exist." Attempts to apply this principle to develop scientific explanations in cosmology have led to some confusion and much controversy. Anthropic principle - Origin. The ...

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Principles: Encyclopedia - Jewish principles of faith

There are a number of basic Jewish principles of faith that one is expected to uphold in order to be said to be in consonance with the Jewish faith. However, unlike most Christian denominations, the Jewish community has never developed any one binding catechism. A number of formulations of Jewish beliefs have appeared, though there is some dispute over how many basic principles there are. Rabbi Joseph Albo, for instance, in Sefer Ha-Ikkarim counts three principles of faith, while Maimonides lists thirteen. While some lat ...

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Jewish principles of faith - Jewish principles of faith

Jewish principles of faith - History and development

Principles: Encyclopedia - Variational principle

A variational principle is a principle in physics which is expressed in terms of the calculus of variations. According to Cornelius Lanczos, any physical law which can be expressed as a variational principle describes an expression which is self-adjoint. These expressions are also called Hermitian. Such an expression describes an invariant under a Hermitian transformation. Felix Klein's Erlangen program attempted to identify such invariants under a group of transformations. In what is referred to in phys ...

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Variational principle - Examples

Variational principle - Variational principle in quantum mechanics

Variational principle - Further readings

Principles: Encyclopedia - Cosmological Principle

The Cosmological Principle is a principle invoked in cosmology that severely restricts the large variety of possible cosmological theories: On large scales, the Universe is homogeneous and isotropic. The universe, when viewed on sufficiently large distance scales, has no preferred directions or preferred places. Or, in other words, on a large scale the Universe looks the same in all directions for an observer at any place. This principle is consistent with observations of the universe from the Earth. In regard to the obse ...

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Cosmological Principle - Support

Principles: Encyclopedia - Correspondence principle

In physics, the correspondence principle is a principle, first invoked by Niels Bohr in 1923, which states that the behavior of quantum mechanical systems reduce to classical physics in the limit of large quantum numbers. The rules of quantum mechanics are highly successful in describing microscopic objects, such as atoms and elementary particles. On the other hand, we know from experiment that a variety of macroscopic systems (springs, capacitors, and so forth) can be accurately described by classical theories such as classica ...

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Principles: Encyclopedia - Bernoulli's principle

Bernoulli's principle states that in fluid flow, an increase in velocity occurs simultaneously with decrease in pressure. This principle is a simplification of Bernoulli's equation which states that the sum of all forms of energy in a fluid flowing along an enclosed path is the same at any two points in that path. It is named after the Dutch/Swiss mathematician/scientist Daniel Bernoulli, though it was previously understood by Leonhard Euler and others. For a mathematical formulation, see Bernoulli's equation. In a fluid flow with no ...

Principles: Encyclopedia - Argument principle

In complex analysis, the argument principle (or Cauchy's argument principle) states that if f(z) is a meromorphic function inside and on some closed contour C, with f having no zeros or poles on C, then the following formula holds where N and P denote respectively the number of zeros and poles of f(z) inside the contour C, with each zero and pole counted as many times as its multiplicity and order respectively. This theorem assumes that the contour C is simple, that is, without self- ...

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Principles: Encyclopedia - Holographic principle

The holographic principle is a speculative conjecture about quantum gravity theories, proposed by Gerard 't Hooft and improved and promoted by Leonard Susskind, claiming that all of the information contained in a volume of space can be represented by a theory that lives in the boundary of that region. In other words, if you have a room then you can model all of the events within that room by creating a theory that only takes into account what happens in the walls of the room. The holographic principle also states that at most there is ...

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Principles: Encyclopedia - Principle of bivalence

In logic, the principle of bivalence states that for any proposition P, either P is true or P is false. This is not to be confused with the law of excluded middle and the law of noncontradiction. See bivalence and related laws for a summary of the differences. In classical logic, the principle of bivalence is equivalent to the result that there are no propositions that are neither true nor false. A proposition P that is neither true nor false is undecidable. In intuitionistic logic, sometimes the truth-value of a ...

Principles: Encyclopedia - Copernican principle

The Copernican principle is the philosophical statement that no "special" observers should be proposed. The term originated in the paradigm shift from the Ptolemaic model of the heavens, which placed Earth at the center of the Solar system because it appears that everything revolved around Earth. Nicolaus Copernicus demonstrated that the motion of the heavens can be explained without the Earth being in the geometric center of the system, so the assumption that we a ...

Principles: Encyclopedia - Exposition of the Divine Principle

The Divine Principle is the main theological textbook of the Unification Church, held to have the status of scripture by members of the movement. It is an account of God's relationship with humankind, starting with the God's purpose in creating man, the fall of man, and the process through history by which God is working to remove the ill effects of the fall and restore humanity back to the relationship and position that God originally intended. Exposition of the Divine Principle - History. Between 1 ...

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Exposition of the Divine Principle - History

Principles: Encyclopedia - First principles

In a formal logical system, that is, a set of propositions that are consistent with one another, it is probable that some of the statements can be deduced from one another. For example, in the syllogism, "All men are mortal; Socrates is a man; Socrates is mortal" the last claim can be deduced from the former two. A first principle is one that cannot be deduced from any other. The classic example is that of Euclid's geometry ...

Principles: Encyclopedia II - Principle of indifference - Examples

The textbook examples for the application of the principle of indifference are coins, dice, and cards. The fundamental hypothesis of statistical physics, that any two configurations of atoms with the same total energy are equally probable at equilibrium, is essentially equivalent to the principle of indifference. From that hypothesis several important conclusions are reached, including the derivation of the partition function. In a macroscopic system, at least, it must be assumed that the physical laws which govern the system a ...

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