The Croatian language is a language of the western group of South Slavic languages which is used primarily by the Croats. It is one of the standard versions of the Central-South Slavic diasystem. Croatian is based on the Štokavian dialect (with some influence from Čakavian and Kajkavian) and written with the Latin alphabet. The modern Croatian standard language is a continuous outgrowth of more than nine hundred years of literature written in a mixture of Croatian Church Slavonic and the vernacular language. If the sub ...

Including:

• Croatian language - Early development
• Croatian language - Modern language and standardisation
• Croatian language - Illyrian period
• Croatian language - The Serbian connection
• Croatian language - Unification and separation with Serbian
• Croatian language - A note on Serbo-Croatian
• Croatian language - Phonology
• Croatian language - Vowels
• Croatian language - Pitch accent
• Croatian language - Consonants
• Croatian language - Language examples
• Croatian language - Notturno A. G. Matoš
• Croatian language - The Lord's Prayer
• Croatian language - Current events
• Croatian language - Differences to similar languages
• Croatian language - Also see
• Croatian language - Language history
• Croatian language - General links

Read more here: » Croatian language: Encyclopedia - Croatian language

1mg, 2.5mg, 3mg, and 5mg capsules; 1mg/mL or 1mg/4mL liquid; .5mg and 3mg lozenges; 2.5mg sublingual tablets; 1mg, 2mg, and 3mg timed-release tablets Indicated for: insomnia jet lag sleep disorders Melatonin, 5-methoxy-N-acetyltryptamine, is a hormone produced by pinealocytes in the pineal gland (located in the brain) and also by the retina and GI tract. It is naturally synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan (derived from serotonin) by the enz ...

Including:

• Melatonin - Medical uses of melatonin
• Melatonin - Safety

Read more here: » Melatonin: Encyclopedia - Melatonin

The Bosnian language (bosanski jezik) is one of the standard versions of the Central-South Slavic diasystem, based on the Štokavian dialect. The language is used primarily by Bosniaks in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the region of Sandžak (in Serbia and Montenegro) and elsewhere. It is based on the Western variant of the Shtokavian dialect and uses both the Cyrillic and Latin alphabets. The name Bosnian language is the commonly accepted name among Bosniak linguists, and the name used by the ISO-639 standard. Including:

• Bosnian language - History
• Bosnian language - Controversy
• Bosnian language - Phonology
• Bosnian language - Vowels
• Bosnian language - Consonants
• Bosnian language - Differences to similar languages

Read more here: » Bosnian language: Encyclopedia - Bosnian language

Bosnian language uses both Latin and Cyrillic alphabets. Bosnians have also used a script that was less standardised, so it had more versions and names: Bosančica, Bosnian Cyrillic, Begovica (used by Bosniak nobility). Bosniaks have also used arabic script called Arebica. The irony of the Bosnian language is that its speakers Bosniaks are, on the level of colloquial idiom, more linguistically homogenous than either Serbs or Croats, but have failed, due to historical reasons, to standardize their language in the crucial 19th century. The first Bosnian dictionary, a rhymed Bosnian-Turkish glossary authored by ...

See also:

Bosnian language, Bosnian language - History, Bosnian language - Controversy, Bosnian language - Phonology, Bosnian language - Vowels, Bosnian language - Consonants, Bosnian language - Differences to similar languages

Read more here: » Bosnian language: Encyclopedia II - Bosnian language - History

It is a carbamic acid ester. Carisoprodol is a racemic mixture of two stereoisomers. ...

See also:

Carisoprodol, Carisoprodol - Chemistry, Carisoprodol - Effects, Carisoprodol - Pharmacokinetics

Read more here: » Carisoprodol: Encyclopedia II - Carisoprodol - Chemistry

The establishment of the Yugoslavian state was an important event in the history of the Croatian language. The Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918-1941) was dominated by the Serbian government, which tried to use a joint language in the spirit of supra-national Yugoslav ideology. This meant that Croatian and Serbian were no longer developed individually side by side, but were attempted to be forged into one language under political pressure. Owing to the nature of the state politics at the time, this forging was resultant in a Serbian-based language ...

See also:

Croatian language, Croatian language - Early development, Croatian language - Modern language and standardisation, Croatian language - Illyrian period, Croatian language - The Serbian connection, Croatian language - Unification and separation with Serbian, Croatian language - A note on Serbo-Croatian, Croatian language - Phonology, Croatian language - Vowels, Croatian language - Pitch accent, Croatian language - Consonants, Croatian language - Language examples, Croatian language - Notturno A. G. Matoš, Croatian language - The Lord's Prayer, Croatian language - Current events, Croatian language - Differences to similar languages, Croatian language - Language history, Croatian language - General links

Read more here: » Croatian language: Encyclopedia II - Croatian language - Unification and separation with Serbian

Differences in standard Serbian Croatian and Bosnian - Accentuation. Accentuation of the official languages is different. However, accentuation is different within Bosnia, Croatia and Serbia themselves, see below for full explanation. Differences in standard Serbian Croatian and Bosnian - Morphology. There are three variants of the Štokavian dialect that stem from different reflex of proto-Slavic vowel Jat. The jat appears in modern dialects in the following way: ...

See also:

Differences in standard Serbian Croatian and Bosnian, Differences in standard Serbian Croatian and Bosnian - Writing, Differences in standard Serbian Croatian and Bosnian - Script, Differences in standard Serbian Croatian and Bosnian - Phonemes, Differences in standard Serbian Croatian and Bosnian - Orthography, Differences in standard Serbian Croatian and Bosnian - Speaking, Differences in standard Serbian Croatian and Bosnian - Accentuation, Differences in standard Serbian Croatian and Bosnian - Morphology, Differences in standard Serbian Croatian and Bosnian - Pronouns, Differences in standard Serbian Croatian and Bosnian - Syntax, Differences in standard Serbian Croatian and Bosnian - Vocabulary, Differences in standard Serbian Croatian and Bosnian - Important notes on understanding, Differences in standard Serbian Croatian and Bosnian - Reference

Read more here: » Differences in standard Serbian Croatian and Bosnian: Encyclopedia II - Differences in standard Serbian Croatian and Bosnian - Speaking

The establishment of the Yugoslavian state was an important event in the history of the Croatian language. The Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918-1941) was dominated by the Serbian government, which tried to use a joint language in the spirit of supra-national Yugoslav ideology. This meant that Croatian and Serbian were no longer developed individually side by side, but were attempted to be forged into one language under political pressure. Owing to the nature of the state politics at the time, this forging was resultant in a Serbian-based l ...

See also:

Croatian language, Croatian language - Early development, Croatian language - Modern language and standardisation, Croatian language - Illyrian period, Croatian language - The Serbian connection, Croatian language - Unification and separation with Serbian, Croatian language - A note on Serbo-Croatian, Croatian language - Phonology, Croatian language - Vowels, Croatian language - Pitch accent, Croatian language - Consonants, Croatian language - Language examples, Croatian language - Notturno A. G. Matoš, Croatian language - The Lord's Prayer, Croatian language - Current events, Croatian language - Differences to similar languages, Croatian language - Also see, Croatian language - Language history, Croatian language - General links

Read more here: » Croatian language: Encyclopedia II - Croatian language - Unification and separation with Serbian

In recent times, melatonin has become available as a medication and a dietary supplement. Because it does not have to be prescribed and is in the public domain, there have been few clinical trials conducted to determine its effectiveness in treating diseases. Melatonin is a powerful antioxidant that can easily cross cell membranes and the blood-brain barrier. Unlike other antioxidants, melatonin does not undergo redox cycling, the ability of a molecule to undergo reduction and oxidation repeatedly. Redox cycling may allow other antiox ...

See also:

Melatonin, Melatonin - Medical uses of melatonin, Melatonin - Safety

Read more here: » Melatonin: Encyclopedia II - Melatonin - Medical uses of melatonin

One still finds many references to Serbo-Croatian, and proponents of Serbo-Croatian who deny the existence of Croatian (as well as Serbian and Bosnian) as a separate standard language. The usual argument generally goes along the following lines: Croatian, Serbian and Bosnian are almost completely mutually intelligible, sharing much vocabulary Typologically and structurally, these languages have virtually the same grammar, i.e. morphology and syntax The Serbo-Croatian language was "created" in the mid 19th centu ...

See also:

Croatian language, Croatian language - Early development, Croatian language - Modern language and standardisation, Croatian language - Illyrian period, Croatian language - The Serbian connection, Croatian language - Unification and separation with Serbian, Croatian language - A note on Serbo-Croatian, Croatian language - Phonology, Croatian language - Vowels, Croatian language - Pitch accent, Croatian language - Consonants, Croatian language - Language examples, Croatian language - Notturno A. G. Matoš, Croatian language - The Lord's Prayer, Croatian language - Current events, Croatian language - Differences to similar languages, Croatian language - Language history, Croatian language - General links

Read more here: » Croatian language: Encyclopedia II - Croatian language - A note on Serbo-Croatian

The beginning of the Croatian written language can be traced to the 9th century, when Old Church Slavonic was adopted as the language of the liturgy. This language was gradually adapted to non-liturgical purposes and became known as the Croatian version of Old Slavonic. The two variants of the language, liturgical and non-liturgical, continued to be a part of the Glagolitic service as late as the mid-9th century. Until the end of the 11th century, Croatian medieval texts were written in three scripts: Latin, Glagolitic, and Bosnian Cy ...

See also:

Croatian language, Croatian language - Early development, Croatian language - Modern language and standardisation, Croatian language - Illyrian period, Croatian language - The Serbian connection, Croatian language - Unification and separation with Serbian, Croatian language - A note on Serbo-Croatian, Croatian language - Phonology, Croatian language - Vowels, Croatian language - Pitch accent, Croatian language - Consonants, Croatian language - Language examples, Croatian language - Notturno A. G. Matoš, Croatian language - The Lord's Prayer, Croatian language - Current events, Croatian language - Differences to similar languages, Croatian language - Also see, Croatian language - Language history, Croatian language - General links

Read more here: » Croatian language: Encyclopedia II - Croatian language - Early development

The 19th century language development overlapped with the upheavals that befell Serbian language. It was Vuk Stefanović Karadžić, an energetic and resourceful Serbian language and culture reformer, whose scriptory and orthographic stylisation of Serbian linguistic folk idiom made a radical break with the past; until his activity in the first half of the 19th century, Serbs had been using the Serbian variant of Church Slavonic and a hybrid Russian-Slavonic language. His "Serbian Dictionary", published in Vienna 1818 (along with the appende ...

See also:

Croatian language, Croatian language - Early development, Croatian language - Modern language and standardisation, Croatian language - Illyrian period, Croatian language - The Serbian connection, Croatian language - Unification and separation with Serbian, Croatian language - A note on Serbo-Croatian, Croatian language - Phonology, Croatian language - Vowels, Croatian language - Pitch accent, Croatian language - Consonants, Croatian language - Language examples, Croatian language - Notturno A. G. Matoš, Croatian language - The Lord's Prayer, Croatian language - Current events, Croatian language - Differences to similar languages, Croatian language - Language history, Croatian language - General links

Read more here: » Croatian language: Encyclopedia II - Croatian language - The Serbian connection

But, due to the unique Croat linguistic situation, formal shaping of Croatian standard language was a process that took almost four centuries to complete: Croatian is a three dialects tongue (a somewhat simplistic way to distinguish between dialects is to refer to the pronoun what, which is ča, kaj, što in, respectively, čakavian, kajkavian and štokavian dialects) and three scripts language (Glagolitic, Croatian/Western/Bosnian Cyrillic and Latin script, with Latin script as the ultimate winner). The final obstacle t ...

See also:

Croatian language, Croatian language - Early development, Croatian language - Modern language and standardisation, Croatian language - Illyrian period, Croatian language - The Serbian connection, Croatian language - Unification and separation with Serbian, Croatian language - A note on Serbo-Croatian, Croatian language - Phonology, Croatian language - Vowels, Croatian language - Pitch accent, Croatian language - Consonants, Croatian language - Language examples, Croatian language - Notturno A. G. Matoš, Croatian language - The Lord's Prayer, Croatian language - Current events, Croatian language - Differences to similar languages, Croatian language - Language history, Croatian language - General links

Read more here: » Croatian language: Encyclopedia II - Croatian language - Illyrian period

Croatian language - Vowels. The Croatian vowel system is simple, with five long and five short vowels (all monophthongs), as well as the diphthong /ie/. Although meaningful, the difference between long and short vowels is not represented in Croatian orthography. The five vowel qualities are as follows. (A schwa /ə/ also occurs marginally.) The syllabic trill can also be either long or short, and can carry ...

See also:

Croatian language, Croatian language - Early development, Croatian language - Modern language and standardisation, Croatian language - Illyrian period, Croatian language - The Serbian connection, Croatian language - Unification and separation with Serbian, Croatian language - A note on Serbo-Croatian, Croatian language - Phonology, Croatian language - Vowels, Croatian language - Pitch accent, Croatian language - Consonants, Croatian language - Language examples, Croatian language - Notturno A. G. Matoš, Croatian language - The Lord's Prayer, Croatian language - Current events, Croatian language - Differences to similar languages, Croatian language - Language history, Croatian language - General links

Read more here: » Croatian language: Encyclopedia II - Croatian language - Phonology

Croatian language - Notturno A. G. Matoš. Mlačna noć; u selu lavež; kasan Ćuk il netopir; Ljubav cvijeća - miris jak i strasan Slavi tajni pir. Sitni cvrčak sjetno cvrči, jasan Kao srebren vir; Teške oči sklapaju se na san, S neba rosi mir. S mrkog tornja bat Broji pospan sat, Blaga svjetlost sipi sa visina; Kroz samoću, muk, Sve je ti ...

See also:

Croatian language, Croatian language - Early development, Croatian language - Modern language and standardisation, Croatian language - Illyrian period, Croatian language - The Serbian connection, Croatian language - Unification and separation with Serbian, Croatian language - A note on Serbo-Croatian, Croatian language - Phonology, Croatian language - Vowels, Croatian language - Pitch accent, Croatian language - Consonants, Croatian language - Language examples, Croatian language - Notturno A. G. Matoš, Croatian language - The Lord's Prayer, Croatian language - Current events, Croatian language - Differences to similar languages, Croatian language - Language history, Croatian language - General links

Read more here: » Croatian language: Encyclopedia II - Croatian language - Language examples

Bosnian language - Vowels. The Bosnian vowel system is simple, with only five vowels. All vowels are monophthongs. The oral vowels are as follows: Bosnian language - Consonants. The consonant system is more complicated, and its characteristic features are series of affricate and palatal consonants. As in English and most other Indo-European languages west of India, ...

See also:

Bosnian language, Bosnian language - History, Bosnian language - Controversy, Bosnian language - Phonology, Bosnian language - Vowels, Bosnian language - Consonants, Bosnian language - Differences to similar languages

Read more here: » Bosnian language: Encyclopedia II - Bosnian language - Phonology

Differences in standard Serbian Croatian and Bosnian - Script. Though all could theoretically use either, the scripts differ: Croatian language uses the Latin alphabet. Bosnian language uses Latin alphabet and Cyrillic alphabet (the latter officially accepted but seldom used by native speakers as the first script) Serbian language uses both Cyrillic alphabet and Latin alphabet. (Cyrillic is in official use in Serbia and Republika Srpska. Latin script is also accepted as defined by laws, and used roughly by 1/3 of ...

See also:

Differences in standard Serbian Croatian and Bosnian, Differences in standard Serbian Croatian and Bosnian - Writing, Differences in standard Serbian Croatian and Bosnian - Script, Differences in standard Serbian Croatian and Bosnian - Phonemes, Differences in standard Serbian Croatian and Bosnian - Orthography, Differences in standard Serbian Croatian and Bosnian - Speaking, Differences in standard Serbian Croatian and Bosnian - Accentuation, Differences in standard Serbian Croatian and Bosnian - Morphology, Differences in standard Serbian Croatian and Bosnian - Pronouns, Differences in standard Serbian Croatian and Bosnian - Syntax, Differences in standard Serbian Croatian and Bosnian - Vocabulary, Differences in standard Serbian Croatian and Bosnian - Important notes on understanding, Differences in standard Serbian Croatian and Bosnian - Reference

Read more here: » Differences in standard Serbian Croatian and Bosnian: Encyclopedia II - Differences in standard Serbian Croatian and Bosnian - Writing

Croatian language is today the official language of the Republic of Croatia and, along with Bosnian and Serbian, one of three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina. There is no single official definition of Croatian, but there exists an Institute for Croatian language and linguistics with a prescription department. The current rules of the language are generally laid out in the grammar books and dictionaries used in education facilities, such as the school curriculum prescribed by the Ministry of Education and the univer ...

See also:

Croatian language, Croatian language - Early development, Croatian language - Modern language and standardisation, Croatian language - Illyrian period, Croatian language - The Serbian connection, Croatian language - Unification and separation with Serbian, Croatian language - A note on Serbo-Croatian, Croatian language - Phonology, Croatian language - Vowels, Croatian language - Pitch accent, Croatian language - Consonants, Croatian language - Language examples, Croatian language - Notturno A. G. Matoš, Croatian language - The Lord's Prayer, Croatian language - Current events, Croatian language - Differences to similar languages, Croatian language - Language history, Croatian language - General links

Read more here: » Croatian language: Encyclopedia II - Croatian language - Current events

Although the first purely vernacular texts in a Croatian distinctly different from Church Slavonic date back to the 13th century, it was in the 14th and 15th centuries that the modern Croatian language emerged (recorded in texts as Vatican Croatian prayer book from 1400.) in the form (morphology, phonology and syntax) that only slightly differs from contemporary Croatian standard language. The standardization of Croatian language can be traced back to the first Croatian dictionary (Faust Vrančić: Dictionarium quinque nobil ...

See also:

Croatian language, Croatian language - Early development, Croatian language - Modern language and standardisation, Croatian language - Illyrian period, Croatian language - The Serbian connection, Croatian language - Unification and separation with Serbian, Croatian language - A note on Serbo-Croatian, Croatian language - Phonology, Croatian language - Vowels, Croatian language - Pitch accent, Croatian language - Consonants, Croatian language - Language examples, Croatian language - Notturno A. G. Matoš, Croatian language - The Lord's Prayer, Croatian language - Current events, Croatian language - Differences to similar languages, Croatian language - Language history, Croatian language - General links

Read more here: » Croatian language: Encyclopedia II - Croatian language - Modern language and standardisation

The beginning of the Croatian written language can be traced to the 9th century, when Old Church Slavonic was adopted as the language of the liturgy. This language was gradually adapted to non-liturgical purposes and became known as the Croatian version of Old Slavonic. The two variants of the language, liturgical and non-liturgical, continued to be a part of the Glagolitic service as late as the mid-9th century. Until the end of the 11th century, Croatian medieval texts were written in three scripts: Latin, Glagolitic, and Bosnian Cy ...

See also:

Croatian language, Croatian language - Early development, Croatian language - Modern language and standardisation, Croatian language - Illyrian period, Croatian language - The Serbian connection, Croatian language - Unification and separation with Serbian, Croatian language - A note on Serbo-Croatian, Croatian language - Phonology, Croatian language - Vowels, Croatian language - Pitch accent, Croatian language - Consonants, Croatian language - Language examples, Croatian language - Notturno A. G. Matoš, Croatian language - The Lord's Prayer, Croatian language - Current events, Croatian language - Differences to similar languages, Croatian language - Language history, Croatian language - General links

Read more here: » Croatian language: Encyclopedia II - Croatian language - Early development