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Poznań | A Wisdom Archive on Poznań | | Poznań A selection of articles related to Poznań | |
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1947, 1947 - April, 1947 - August, 1947 - Births, 1947 - Deaths, 1947 - December, 1947 - Events, 1947 - February, 1947 - January, 1947 - July, 1947 - June, 1947 - March, 1947 - March-May, 1947 - May, 1947 - Nobel Prizes, 1947 - November, 1947 - October, 1947 - September, 1947 - September-October, 1947 - Unknown date, 1947 - Unknown dates
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Poznań | | | |  Poznań: Encyclopedia II - History of Poland - Early history of Poland 966-1385Main articles: History of Poland (966-1385), Kingdom of Poland of the first Piasts, Kingdom of Poland during feudal dissolution, Kingdom of Poland of the later Piasts
The Polish state was born in 966 with the baptism of Mieszko I, duke of the Slavic tribe of Polans and founder of the Piast dynasty. His conversion from Pagnism to Christianity marked the first written historical event of Poland. By 990, when Mieszko officially submitted to the authority of the Holy See, he had transformed his country into one of the strongest pow ...
See also:History of Poland, History of Poland - Early history of Poland 966-1385, History of Poland - The Jagiellon Era 1385-1572, History of Poland - The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 1572-1795, History of Poland - Partitioned Poland 1795-1918, History of Poland - Independence Regained 1918-1939, History of Poland - World War II in Poland 1939-1945, History of Poland - People's Republic of Poland 1945-1989, History of Poland - Martial law, History of Poland - The Third Republic 1989-present Read more here: » History of Poland: Encyclopedia II - History of Poland - Early history of Poland 966-1385 |
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| | | | | | Poznań: Encyclopedia II - Bydgoszcz - History Originally a fishers' settlement called Bydgoszcz (spelled "Bydgostia" in Latin), the city became a stronghold for the Vistula trade routes. In the 13th century it was the site of a castellany, first mentioned in 1238. Bydgoszcz was occupied by the Teutonic Knights from 1331-1337, and was recovered by the king Casimir the Great, who granted the city municipal rights in 1346/1349.
In the 15th-16th centuries Bydgoszcz was a significant site of corn trade. In 1657 the ...
See also:Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz - History, Bydgoszcz - Economy, Bydgoszcz - Major corporations, Bydgoszcz - Education, Bydgoszcz - Sports, Bydgoszcz - Politics, Bydgoszcz - Bydgoszcz constituency, Bydgoszcz - Famous people from Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz - External link Read more here: » Bydgoszcz: Encyclopedia II - Bydgoszcz - History |
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| | | | | Poznań: Encyclopedia II - Battle of Grunwald - Eve of the battle In the 13th century, the Teutonic Knights had been invited to the lands surrounding Chełmno to assist in the expulsion of the (pagan) Prussians. They stayed on, and, under a papal edict which gave them effective carte blanche to act as they wished, established a power base in the region, occupying the Baltic coastal regions of what are now Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia, and showed every signs of further expansion. Their incursions into Poland in the 14th century gave them control of major towns such as Chełmno(Kulm) and Pomorze(Pomm ...
See also:Battle of Grunwald, Battle of Grunwald - Eve of the battle, Battle of Grunwald - Opposing forces, Battle of Grunwald - Course of the battle, Battle of Grunwald - After the Battle, Battle of Grunwald - Influences of the Battle of Grunwald on modern culture, Battle of Grunwald - Poland, Battle of Grunwald - Lithuania, Battle of Grunwald - Germany, Battle of Grunwald - Russia and Soviet Union, Battle of Grunwald - Belarus, Battle of Grunwald - Banners, Battle of Grunwald - Poland, Battle of Grunwald - Lithuania, Battle of Grunwald - Related reading, Battle of Grunwald - Non-fiction, Battle of Grunwald - Fiction Read more here: » Battle of Grunwald: Encyclopedia II - Battle of Grunwald - Eve of the battle |
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| | | | | Poznań: Encyclopedia II - History of Poland 1939–1945 - German and Soviet Invasion The Polish armed forces resisted the German invasion, but their strategic position was hopeless since Poland was surrounded on three sides by Germany and German-controlled Czechoslovakia. It was in Poland that the Germans first used the tactics of Blitzkrieg ("lightning war"): rapid advance of Panzer (armored) divisions, dive bombing to break up troop concentrations, and aerial bombing of undefended cities to sap civilian morale. The Polish Army and Air Force had little modern equipment to match the onslaught.
German forces wer ...
See also:History of Poland 1939–1945, History of Poland 1939–1945 - German and Soviet Invasion, History of Poland 1939–1945 - Dismemberment of Poland, History of Poland 1939–1945 - The General Government, History of Poland 1939–1945 - Treatment of the Poles, History of Poland 1939–1945 - The Holocaust in Poland, History of Poland 1939–1945 - Governments in exile, History of Poland 1939–1945 - Resistance, History of Poland 1939–1945 - Aftermath of the War, History of Poland 1939–1945 - Yalta and the Soviet Occupation 1943–45 Read more here: » History of Poland 1939–1945: Encyclopedia II - History of Poland 1939–1945 - German and Soviet Invasion |
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| | | | | | | Poznań: Encyclopedia II - History of Poland 1945–1989 - Creation of the People's Republic of Poland 1945–1956
History of Poland 1945–1989 - Wartime devastation.
Poland suffered enormous losses during World War II. While in 1939 Poland had 35.1 million inhabitants, the census of February 14, 1946 showed only 23.9 million. Over ninety percent of Poland's capital was destroyed in the aftermath of the Warsaw Uprising. Poland, still a predominantly agricultural country compared to Western nations, suffered catastrophic damage to its infrastruc ...
See also:History of Poland 1945–1989, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Creation of the People's Republic of Poland 1945–1956, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Wartime devastation, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Consolidation of Communist power 1945–1948, History of Poland 1945–1989 - The Bierut era 1948–1956, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Minorities in Poland after the War, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Communist reform 1956–1970, History of Poland 1945–1989 - De-Stalinization, History of Poland 1945–1989 - The Gomułka period, History of Poland 1945–1989 - The Gierek era 1970–1980, History of Poland 1945–1989 - The end of Communist rule 1980–1990, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Changes in Polish society, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Notes Read more here: » History of Poland 1945–1989: Encyclopedia II - History of Poland 1945–1989 - Creation of the People's Republic of Poland 1945–1956 |
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| | | | | Poznań: Encyclopedia II - Gorzów Wielkopolski - Politics
Gorzów Wielkopolski - Gorzow Wielkopolski/Zielona Gora constituency.
Members of Parliament (Sejm) elected from this constituency
Dariusz Bachalski, PO
Andrzej Brachmański, SLD-UP
Jakub Derech-Krzycki, SLD-UP
Stanisław Gudzowski, LPR
Jan Kochanowski, SLD-UP
Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz, PiS
Henryk Ostrowski, Samoobrona
Alfred Owoc, SLD-UP
Robert Smoleń, SLD-UP
Franciszek Wołowicz, SLD-UP
Bogusła ...
See also:Gorzów Wielkopolski, Gorzów Wielkopolski - Universities and colleges, Gorzów Wielkopolski - Sports, Gorzów Wielkopolski - Politics, Gorzów Wielkopolski - Gorzow Wielkopolski/Zielona Gora constituency, Gorzów Wielkopolski - Famous People, Gorzów Wielkopolski - External link Read more here: » Gorzów Wielkopolski: Encyclopedia II - Gorzów Wielkopolski - Politics |
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| | | | | Poznań: Encyclopedia II - Grand Duchy of Poznań - Territorial administration The monarch of the duchy, with title of Grand Duke of Poznań, was the Hohenzollern king of Prussia and his representative was the Duke-Governor: the first was Prince Antoni Radziwiłł (1815-1831), who was married to Princess Luise of Prussia, the king's cousin. The governor was assigned to give advice in matters of Polish nationality, and had the right to veto the administration decisions; in reality, however, all administrative p ...
See also:Grand Duchy of Poznań, Grand Duchy of Poznań - Area and population, Grand Duchy of Poznań - Territorial administration, Grand Duchy of Poznań - Poznań District Rejencja Poznańska Poznań, Grand Duchy of Poznań - Bydgoszcz District Rejencja Bydgoska Bydgoszcz, Grand Duchy of Poznań - History, Grand Duchy of Poznań - Repression system after 1830, Grand Duchy of Poznań - Milder period after 1840, Grand Duchy of Poznań - Autonomy abolished 1848, Grand Duchy of Poznań - The Kulturkampf in 1880s, Grand Duchy of Poznań - The liberation 1918-1919, Grand Duchy of Poznań - Polish organizations in the Grand Duchy of Poznań, Grand Duchy of Poznań - German organizations in the Grand Duchy of Poznań, Grand Duchy of Poznań - Famous people of the Grand Duchy of Poznań Read more here: » Grand Duchy of Poznań: Encyclopedia II - Grand Duchy of Poznań - Territorial administration |
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| | | | | Poznań: Encyclopedia II - Heinrich Himmler - Peace negotiations capture and death By 1945, Himmler's Waffen-SS numbered 800,000 members, with the Allgemeine-SS (at least on paper) hosting a membership of nearly two million. However, by the spring of 1945 Himmler had lost faith in German victory, probably partially due to his discussions with his masseur Felix Kersten and Walter Schellenberg2. He came to the realization that if the Nazi regime was to have any chance of survival, it would need to seek peace with Britain and the United States. Toward this end, h ...
See also:Heinrich Himmler, Heinrich Himmler - Early life, Heinrich Himmler - Early Nazi Party activity, Heinrich Himmler - Rise in the SS, Heinrich Himmler - Consolidation of power, Heinrich Himmler - Himmler and the Holocaust, Heinrich Himmler - Poznań speech, Heinrich Himmler - The Second World War, Heinrich Himmler - Peace negotiations capture and death, Heinrich Himmler - Conspiracy theories, Heinrich Himmler - Historical view, Heinrich Himmler - Surviving family Read more here: » Heinrich Himmler: Encyclopedia II - Heinrich Himmler - Peace negotiations capture and death |
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| | | | | Poznań: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Poland - Early history to Golden Age: 966–1572
History of the Jews in Poland - Early history: 966–1385.
Main article: History of Poland (966-1385)
The first Jews arrived in the territory of modern Poland in the 10th century. Travelling along the trade routes leading eastwards to Kiev and Bukhara, the Jewish merchants also crossed the areas of Silesia. One of them, a diplomat and merchant from the Moorish town of Tortosa in Al-Andalus, known under his Arabic name of Ibrahim ibn Jakub, was the first chronicler to mention the Polish ...
See also:History of the Jews in Poland, History of the Jews in Poland - Early history to Golden Age: 966–1572, History of the Jews in Poland - Early history: 966–1385, History of the Jews in Poland - The early Jagiellon era: 1385–1505, History of the Jews in Poland - Center of the Jewish world: 1505–72, History of the Jews in Poland - The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: 1572–1795, History of the Jews in Poland - The Warsaw Confederation, History of the Jews in Poland - Increasing isolation, History of the Jews in Poland - The Cossack Uprising and the Deluge, History of the Jews in Poland - Decline under the Saxon Dynasty, History of the Jews in Poland - The Partitions, History of the Jews in Poland - The development of Judaism in Poland and the Commonwealth, History of the Jews in Poland - Jewish learning, History of the Jews in Poland - The rise of Hasidism, History of the Jews in Poland - Jews of Poland within the Russian Empire 1795–1918, History of the Jews in Poland - Pogroms, History of the Jews in Poland - Haskalah and Halakha, History of the Jews in Poland - Politics in Polish Territory, History of the Jews in Poland - Interwar period 1918–39, History of the Jews in Poland - Independence and Polish Jews, History of the Jews in Poland - Jewish and Polish culture, History of the Jews in Poland - Growing anti-Semitism, History of the Jews in Poland - WWII and the destruction of Polish Jewry 1939–45, History of the Jews in Poland - The Polish September campaign, History of the Jews in Poland - Soviet-occupied Poland, History of the Jews in Poland - The Holocaust: German-occupied Poland, History of the Jews in Poland - Communist rule: 1945–89, History of the Jews in Poland - Postwar, History of the Jews in Poland - 1967–1989, History of the Jews in Poland - Since 1989, History of the Jews in Poland - Notes Read more here: » History of the Jews in Poland: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Poland - Early history to Golden Age: 966–1572 |
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| | | | | | | | Poznań: Encyclopedia II - Baroque architecture - In Central Europe In Central Europe, the baroque period began somewhat later. Although the Augsburg architect Elias Holl (1573 - 1646) and some theoretists, including Joseph Furttenbach the Elder already practised the baroque style, they remained without successors due to the ravages of the Thirty Years War. From about 1650 on, construction work resumes, and secular and ecclesiastical architecture are of equal importance. During an initial phase, master-masons from southern Switzerland and northern Italy, the so-called magistri Grigioni and the Lombard ...
See also:Baroque architecture, Baroque architecture - Precursors and features of Baroque architecture, Baroque architecture - In Italy and France, Baroque architecture - In Central Europe, Baroque architecture - In Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Baroque architecture - In England and Russia, Baroque architecture - In Northern America: Mexico and California Read more here: » Baroque architecture: Encyclopedia II - Baroque architecture - In Central Europe |
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| | | | | Poznań: Encyclopedia II - Roads in Ireland - Roads in the Republic of Ireland The Republic's motorway network is focused on Dublin, and is being extended to other major cities as part of the National Development Plan. Dublin has also been the focus of other major projects, such as the East-Link and West-Link bridges, as well as the Dublin port tunnel. Other cities and towns have however had bypass projects, some of which are still underway or in planning as of 2004. The Jack Lynch Tunnel under the River Lee (Ireland) in Cork was another major project outside Dublin, a ...
See also:Roads in Ireland, Roads in Ireland - Roads in the Republic of Ireland, Roads in Ireland - Motorways, Roads in Ireland - National Primary Routes, Roads in Ireland - Other roads, Roads in Ireland - Old system, Roads in Ireland - Roads in Northern Ireland, Roads in Ireland - Motorways, Roads in Ireland - A roads, Roads in Ireland - B roads, Roads in Ireland - C roads, Roads in Ireland - Euro Routes Read more here: » Roads in Ireland: Encyclopedia II - Roads in Ireland - Roads in the Republic of Ireland |
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| | | | | Poznań: Encyclopedia II - Rosa Luxemburg - Life
Rosa Luxemburg - Poland.
Rosa Luxemburg was born Rosalia Luxenburg on March 5, 1870 or 1871 in Zamość near Lublin in the then Russian-controlled Congress Poland. She was born to a Jewish family. Sources differ on the year of her birth - she gave her birth year as 1871 on her CV for Zürich University, but her 1887 Abitur certificate says she was 17, in which case she was born in 1870. She was the fifth child of the Jewish wood trader/timber trader Eliasz Luxemburg III and his wife Line (maiden name: Löwenstein). Rosa had a growth defect and w ...
See also:Rosa Luxemburg, Rosa Luxemburg - Life, Rosa Luxemburg - Poland, Rosa Luxemburg - Germany, Rosa Luxemburg - Dialectic of Spontaneity and Organization, Rosa Luxemburg - Criticism of the October Revolution, Rosa Luxemburg - The Role of the Party, Rosa Luxemburg - Last words: belief in the revolution, Rosa Luxemburg - Quotes, Rosa Luxemburg - Memorials, Rosa Luxemburg - Works Read more here: » Rosa Luxemburg: Encyclopedia II - Rosa Luxemburg - Life |
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| | | | | Poznań: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Poland 966-1572 - Early period: 966-1385
History of the Jews in Poland 966-1572 - Early history.
The first Jews arrived in the territory of modern Poland in the 10th century. Travelling along the trade routes leading eastwards to Kiev and Bukhara, the Jewish merchants also crossed the areas of Silesia. One of them, a diplomat and merchant from the Moorish town of Tortosa in Al-Andalus, known under his Arabic name Ibrahim ibn Jakub was the first chronicler to mention the Polish state under the rule of prince Mieszko I. The first actual mention of Jews in ...
See also:History of the Jews in Poland 966-1572, History of the Jews in Poland 966-1572 - Early period: 966-1385, History of the Jews in Poland 966-1572 - Early history, History of the Jews in Poland 966-1572 - Early persecutions: 1266-1279, History of the Jews in Poland 966-1572 - Prosperity in a Reunited Poland: 1320-1385, History of the Jews in Poland 966-1572 - The Jagiellon era: 1385-1572, History of the Jews in Poland 966-1572 - Persecutions of 1385-1492, History of the Jews in Poland 966-1572 - Influx of Jews fleeing persecution: 1492-1548, History of the Jews in Poland 966-1572 - Golden Age Under Sigismund and Sigusmund II Read more here: » History of the Jews in Poland 966-1572: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Poland 966-1572 - Early period: 966-1385 |
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| | | | | | Poznań: Encyclopedia II - Reichsgau Wartheland - Occupation In the Wartheland, the Nazis' goal was complete "Germanization"; to assimilate the territory politically, culturally, socially, and economically into the German Reich. Germans closed elementary schools where Polish was the language of instruction. They renamed streets and cities - for example Lodz was renamed not to Lodsch (the name used for Lodz under Prussian rule), but to Litzmannstadt, after General Litzmann, who had tried to capture the city during World War I. They also seized tens of thousands of Polish enterprises, from ...
See also:Reichsgau Wartheland, Reichsgau Wartheland - Invasion, Reichsgau Wartheland - Occupation, Reichsgau Wartheland - End of war Read more here: » Reichsgau Wartheland: Encyclopedia II - Reichsgau Wartheland - Occupation |
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