posthumous name

The Empress Dowager Cixi (Chinese: 慈禧太后; Hanyu Pinyin: Cíxǐ; Wade-Giles: Tz'u-hsi) (November 29, 1835 –November 15, 1908), popularly known in China as the Western Empress Dowager (西太后), and officially known posthumously as Empress Xiaoqin Xian (孝欽顯皇后), was a powerful and charismatic figure who was the de facto ruler of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, ruling over C ...

Including:

• Empress Dowager Cixi - Youth
• Empress Dowager Cixi - Names
• Empress Dowager Cixi - Road to power
• Empress Dowager Cixi - Regency under Tongzhi
• Empress Dowager Cixi - Securing absolute power
• Empress Dowager Cixi - Crisis with Guangxu
• Empress Dowager Cixi - Overview of politics
• Empress Dowager Cixi - Tomb
• Empress Dowager Cixi - Historical opinion
• Empress Dowager Cixi - Reference

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Lao Zi (Chinese 老子, also spelled Lao Tzu) is a major figure in Chinese philosophy whose historical existence is debated. Chinese tradition states that he lived in the 6th century BCE. Many modern scholars state that he may have lived in approximately the 4th century BCE, during the Hundred Schools of Thought and Warring States Periods. Lao Zi is credited with writing the seminal Taoist work, the Dao De Jing (道德經), and became a popular deity in the Taoist religion's pantheon. Laozi - His life. < ...

Including:

• Laozi - His life
• Laozi - His work
• Laozi - Influences
• Laozi - Names
• Laozi - Popular culture
• Laozi - Bibliography

Read more here: » Laozi: Encyclopedia - Laozi

1 - Births. Jesus, according to the anno Domini era created by Dionysius Exiguus in 525 as argued by one scholar, Georges Declercq, in Anno Domini (2000). Most scholars argue that Dionysius placed the birth of Jesus in 1 BC. 1 - Deaths. Zhao Feiyan, empress of Emperor Cheng of Han, forced to commit suicide (b. unknown) 1 - World Leaders. Areius Paianieus becomes Archon of Athens (AD 1-2) Caesar ...

Including:

• 1 - Events
• 1 - Births
• 1 - Deaths
• 1 - World Leaders

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Confucius The original member of "Massachusetts Most Wanted"(originally K'ung Fu-Tzu, traditionally September 28 551 BCE–479 BCE) was a famous thinker and social philosopher of China, whose teachings have deeply influenced East Asia for centuries. Living in what is referred to as the Spring and Autumn period (a time when feudal states fought against each other), he was convinced of his ability to restore the world's order, and failed. After much travelling around China to promote his ideas among rulers, he eventually b ...

Including:

• Confucius - His life
• Confucius - Teachings
• Confucius - Philosophy
• Confucius - Ethics
• Confucius - Politics
• Confucius - Disciples
• Confucius - Names
• Confucius - Family and descendants
• Confucius - Home town

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A name is a label for a thing, person, place, product (as in a brand name) and even an idea or concept, normally used to distinguish one from another. Names can identify a class or category of things, or a single thing, either uniquely, or within a given context. A name for a specific individual or plurality or ethnic group, (See List of peoples) is sometimes called a proper name, and is a proper noun. Other nouns are sometimes, more loosely, called names; an older term for them, now obsolete, is general name. ...

Including:

• Name - Use of names
• Name - Kinds of names
• Name - Philosophical accounts of names
• Name - Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet
• Name - Whitman's Mannahatta
• Name - Technical names for names
• Name - Naming convention

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Immediately after a new pope is elected, and accepts the election, the man is asked by the Dean of the College of Cardinals, "By what name shall you be called?" The man chooses the name that he will be known as from that point on. During the first centuries of the church, men elected Bishop of Rome used their baptismal names even after their elections. The custom of choosing a new name began in AD 533 with the election of Mercurius. He had been named after the Roman god Mercury. Mercurius decided that it would not be appropriate for a ...

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Regnal name, Regnal name - Ancient rulers, Regnal name - East Asia, Regnal name - Roman Catholic Church, Regnal name - United Kingdom, Regnal name - Regnal names in fiction

Read more here: » Regnal name: Encyclopedia II - Regnal name - Roman Catholic Church

The legendary founder of Gojoseon was Dangun Wanggeom. Dangun is thought to be a title meaning Emperor, although frequently used to refer to the founder Wanggeom. Some records indicate the abdication of Emperor Koyulga in 239 BC, while other accounts record the date as 1137 BC. According to one account, the dynasty's name was changed to Daebuyeo in 425 BCE. Hwandan-gogi is a controversial text said to detail ancient Korean history, but its authenticity has been widely questioned. It appears to be partly based on other kn ...

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Rulers of Korea, Rulers of Korea - Gojoseon c.2333 BCE–c.239 BCE, Rulers of Korea - Buyeo c.239 BCE–494 CE, Rulers of Korea - Bukbuyeo c.108 BCE–c.58 BCE, Rulers of Korea - Dongbuyeo c.86 BCE–22 CE, Rulers of Korea - Gaya Garak 42-532, Rulers of Korea - Baekje 18 BCE–660 CE, Rulers of Korea - Goguryeo 37 BCE–668 CE, Rulers of Korea - Legendary line, Rulers of Korea - Great King line, Rulers of Korea - Hwando-Guknae line, Rulers of Korea - P'yŏngyang line, Rulers of Korea - Silla 57 BCE–935 CE, Rulers of Korea - Balhae Bohai 669–926, Rulers of Korea - Goryeo 918–1392, Rulers of Korea - Joseon 1392–1897, Rulers of Korea - Korean Empire 1897–1919, Rulers of Korea - Presidents of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea 1919–1948, Rulers of Korea - Democratic People's Republic of Korea 1948–present, Rulers of Korea - Republic of Korea 1948–present

Read more here: » Rulers of Korea: Encyclopedia II - Rulers of Korea - Gojoseon c.2333 BCE–c.239 BCE

Japanese names are usually written in kanji (Chinese characters), although some names use hiragana or even katakana, or a mixture of kanji and kana. While most "traditional" names use kun'yomi (native Japanese) kanji readings, a large number of given names and surnames use on'yomi (Chinese-based) kanji readings as well. Many others use readings which are only used in names (nanori), such as the female name Nozomi (希). The vast majority of surnames comprise one or two kanji. Some others consist of three characters. Examples are Sasaki (佐� ...

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Japanese name, Japanese name - Structure, Japanese name - Characters, Japanese name - Difficulty of reading names, Japanese name - Regulations, Japanese name - Customs, Japanese name - Titles, Japanese name - Nicknames, Japanese name - Names from other ethnic groups in Japan, Japanese name - Imperial names, Japanese name - Historical names, Japanese name - Professional names, Japanese name - Japanese names in English, Japanese name - Citations

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Although the emperor has been a symbol of continuity with the past, the degree of power exercised by the emperor of Japan has varied considerably throughout Japanese history. The earliest emperors recorded in Kojiki and Nihonshoki, such as Emperor Jimmu, are considered today to have no historical credibility. Historians think the first emperor who existed historically was Emperor Ōjin, but the time of his reign is uncertain. These two books state that the imperial house maintained a continuous lineage, though today some historians believe t ...

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Emperor of Japan, Emperor of Japan - Roles, Emperor of Japan - History, Emperor of Japan - Post World War II, Emperor of Japan - Marriage traditions, Emperor of Japan - Naming, Emperor of Japan - Succession, Emperor of Japan - Origin

Read more here: » Emperor of Japan: Encyclopedia II - Emperor of Japan - History

Sun, who had grown increasingly troubled by the conservative Qing government and its refusal to adopt learn from the more technologically advanced Western nations, quit his medical practice in order to devote his time to transforming China. At first, Sun aligned himself with the reformists Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao who sought to transform China into a Western-style constitutional monarchy. In 1894, Sun wrote a long letter to Li Hongzhang, the governor-general of Zhili and a reformer in the court, with suggestions on how to strengthen Chin ...

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Sun Yat-sen, Sun Yat-sen - Biography, Sun Yat-sen - Early years, Sun Yat-sen - Transformation into a revolutionary, Sun Yat-sen - From exile to Wuchang Uprising, Sun Yat-sen - Republic of China, Sun Yat-sen - Guangzhou militarist government, Sun Yat-sen - Way to Northern Expedition and death, Sun Yat-sen - Sun Yat-sen's early influence by Western ideology, Sun Yat-sen - Legacy, Sun Yat-sen - Power struggle, Sun Yat-sen - National Father, Sun Yat-sen - Sun's posthumous popularity on Mainland China, Sun Yat-sen - Sun and the overseas Chinese, Sun Yat-sen - Names

Read more here: » Sun Yat-sen: Encyclopedia II - Sun Yat-sen - Transformation into a revolutionary

The original crown prince was Taizong's elder brother Li Jiancheng (李建成) although their father had promised the throne to Taizong more than once for his contributions to Tang. The situation was very similar to that of the Sui Dynasty where an ordinary crown prince would feel his future throne threatened by a more capable younger brother. Fearful of losing his throne, Li Jiancheng colluded with his fourth brother, Li Yuanji (李元吉 aka Prince Qi 齊王), to eliminate Taizong. They attempted to poison Taizong during a feast and at ano ...

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Emperor Taizong of Tang, Emperor Taizong of Tang - Early Achievements, Emperor Taizong of Tang - The Palace Coup at the Xuanwu Gate, Emperor Taizong of Tang - Family, Emperor Taizong of Tang - Literature, Emperor Taizong of Tang - Chinese popculture

Read more here: » Emperor Taizong of Tang: Encyclopedia II - Emperor Taizong of Tang - The Palace Coup at the Xuanwu Gate

Little is known about Lao Tsu's life. His historical existence is strongly debated, as is his authorship of the Dao De Jing. Lao Tsu has become an important culture hero to subsequent generations of Chinese people. Tradition says he was born in Ku Prefecture (苦縣 Kǔ Xiàn) of the state of Chǔ (楚), which today is Lùyì County (鹿邑) of Henan province, in the later years of Spring and Autumn Period. Some legends say he was born with white hair, having spent eight or eighty years in his mother's womb, which is given as an explanation for his title, which can be both read as "th ...

See also:

Laozi, Laozi - His life, Laozi - His work, Laozi - Influences, Laozi - Names, Laozi - Popular culture, Laozi - Bibliography

Read more here: » Laozi: Encyclopedia II - Laozi - His life

Yin Lihua was born and grew up in Nanyang Commandery (roughly modern Nanyang, Henan) -- the same commandery that her eventual husband came from. While they were young, he was enamored with her beauty. According to Hou Han Shu, when Liu Xiu was visiting the capital Chang'an, he became impressed with the mayor of the capital (zhijinwu, 執金吾) and, already impressed by Yin's beauty, he made the remarks: "If I were to be an official ...

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Empress Yin Lihua, Empress Yin Lihua - Family background and marriage to Liu Xiu, Empress Yin Lihua - As imperial consort, Empress Yin Lihua - As empress, Empress Yin Lihua - As empress dowager

Read more here: » Empress Yin Lihua: Encyclopedia II - Empress Yin Lihua - Family background and marriage to Liu Xiu

After Shi Hu's death in 349, his youngest son and crown prince Shi Shi became emperor, but the government was controlled by Shi Shi's mother Empress Dowager Liu and the official Zhang Chai (張豺). Shi Shi's older brother Shi Zun the Prince of Pengcheng was unhappy about the situation, and a number of generals who were unimpressed with Empress Dowager Liu and Zhang, including Shi Min, suggested that he march to the capital Yecheng (鄴城, in modern Handan, Hebei) and overthrow them. Shi Zun did so -- and also promised to create Shi Min cro ...

See also:

Ran Min, Ran Min - Family background, Ran Min - During Shi Hu's reign, Ran Min - During the confusion after Shi Hu's death, Ran Min - As emperor of Ran Wei, Ran Min - Ran Wei, Ran Min - Personal information

Read more here: » Ran Min: Encyclopedia II - Ran Min - During the confusion after Shi Hu's death

Sun, who had grown increasingly troubled by the conservative Qing government and its refusal to adopt knowledge from the more technologically advanced Western nations, quit his medical practice in order to devote his time to transforming China. At first, Sun aligned himself with the reformists Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao who sought to transform China into a Western-style constitutional monarchy. In 1894, Sun wrote a long letter to Li Hongzhang, the governor-general of Zhili and a reformer in the court, with suggestions on how to strengthen ...

See also:

Sun Yat-sen, Sun Yat-sen - Biography, Sun Yat-sen - Early years, Sun Yat-sen - Transformation into a revolutionary, Sun Yat-sen - From exile to Wuchang Uprising, Sun Yat-sen - Republic of China, Sun Yat-sen - Guangzhou militarist government, Sun Yat-sen - Way to Northern Expedition and death, Sun Yat-sen - Sun Yat-sen's early influence by Western ideology, Sun Yat-sen - Legacy, Sun Yat-sen - Power struggle, Sun Yat-sen - National Father, Sun Yat-sen - Sun's posthumous popularity on Mainland China, Sun Yat-sen - Sun and the overseas Chinese, Sun Yat-sen - Names

Read more here: » Sun Yat-sen: Encyclopedia II - Sun Yat-sen - Transformation into a revolutionary

Famous people associated with the city include Yi Sun-sin, whose headquarters were located there, and Yun I-sang, a noted 20th-century composer. Chungmu Halmae, or “Chungmu Grandmother,” is a mythical old woman from Chungmu who gave her name to Chungmu Halmae Kimbap, a common Korean snack food.[citation needed] Chungmu Halmae, though mythical, is one of the most recognized people from the area. The decision to group together a number of entities and incorporate them in to the city of “Tongyong” erased the name Chungmu from the Korean map and removed the home of t ...

See also:

Tongyeong, Tongyeong - Famous people

Read more here: » Tongyeong: Encyclopedia II - Tongyeong - Famous people

Yagyū Jūbei Mitsuyoshi might likely have been relegated to obscurity in Japanese history were it not for the mythos his name developed from the authors, artists and filmmakers who attempted to fill in the gaps of Yagyū Jūbei's many missing years. One of the earliest examples of developing the story around Yagyū Jūbei was from Japanese author Fuutarou Yamada's 1967 book, Makai Tenshou (Resurrection from Hell), which featured Yagyū Jūbei involved in the Shimabara Rebellion of 1637 and 1638. This story was eventually adapt ...

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Yagyu Jubei Mitsuyoshi, Yagyu Jubei Mitsuyoshi - Yagyū Jūbei in Japanese Pop Culture, Yagyu Jubei Mitsuyoshi - The Eyepatch Legend, Yagyu Jubei Mitsuyoshi - Jubei as a ninja

Read more here: » Yagyu Jubei Mitsuyoshi: Encyclopedia II - Yagyu Jubei Mitsuyoshi - Yagyū Jūbei in Japanese Pop Culture

Being a member of the Gioro (clan) of the Suksuhu River tribe, Nurhaci also claimed descent from Mönke Timur, a Jurchen headman who lived some two centuries earlier. He named his clan Aisin Gioro around 1612, when he formally ascended the throne. In 1582 his father Taksi and grandfather Giocangga led by the Ming Dynasty General Li Chengliang, were killed in an attack on Gure (see Jianzhou Jurchens) by a rival Jurchen cheiftain Nikan Wailan. The Aisin Gioro family originated in present day North Korea. According to Chinese sources, the young man grew up as a hostage in the household of Li Chengliang in Fushun ...

See also:

Nurhaci, Nurhaci - Background, Nurhaci - Primary Sources, Nurhaci - Trivia

Read more here: » Nurhaci: Encyclopedia II - Nurhaci - Background

Excavated in October 1980, the burial chamber is underground. The 105-metre-high chamber is rectangular: 50 × 26-m, and is covered with blue-green bricks. It contains a 1.05-metre tall, 0.58 × 0.26-m mugui-shaped (土圭) granite epitaph, on which 728 Chinese characters, in the Regular Script style, are inscribed in 18 horizontal lines. Mausoleum of Princess Zhenxiao - Mural. The chamber is surrounded by four murals on each wall, depicting thirteen person in action, such as warriors (3), chamber a ...

See also:

Mausoleum of Princess Zhenxiao, Mausoleum of Princess Zhenxiao - Burial chamber, Mausoleum of Princess Zhenxiao - Mural, Mausoleum of Princess Zhenxiao - The princess and companions, Mausoleum of Princess Zhenxiao - Other structures

Read more here: » Mausoleum of Princess Zhenxiao: Encyclopedia II - Mausoleum of Princess Zhenxiao - Burial chamber

Gojoseon cultural artifacts and walled cities are found throughout northern Korea and Manchuria, but it is not clear from archeological evidence when the tribal entity developed into a centralized state. China described it as a state in the 4th century BC, and later records describe it as a kingdom. Hwandan-gogi is a controversial text said to detail ancient Korean history, but its authenticity has been widely questioned. It appears to be partly based on other known "alternative history" texts. The Annals of the Danguns are recorded in Gyuwon Sahwa (1675), which is descr ...

See also:

List of Korean monarchs, List of Korean monarchs - Gojoseon c.2333 BC - 108 BC, List of Korean monarchs - Buyeo c.239 BC - 494 CE, List of Korean monarchs - Bukbuyeo c.108 BCE–c.58 BCE, List of Korean monarchs - Dongbuyeo c.86 BCE–22 CE, List of Korean monarchs - Gaya confederacy 42-532, List of Korean monarchs - Geumgwan Gaya, List of Korean monarchs - Baekje 18 BC - 660 CE, List of Korean monarchs - Goguryeo 37 BC - 668 CE, List of Korean monarchs - Legendary line, List of Korean monarchs - Great King line, List of Korean monarchs - Hwando-Guknae line, List of Korean monarchs - P'yŏngyang line, List of Korean monarchs - Silla 57 BC - 935 CE, List of Korean monarchs - Balhae 669 - 926, List of Korean monarchs - Goryeo 918 - 1392, List of Korean monarchs - Joseon 1392 - 1897, List of Korean monarchs - Korean Empire 1897 - 1919, List of Korean monarchs - Post-monarchy

Read more here: » List of Korean monarchs: Encyclopedia II - List of Korean monarchs - Gojoseon c.2333 BC - 108 BC