The ancient town of Kalaureia was the seat of the maritime Amphictyony, which was set up in the 7th century BC and was a league of city-states (Poros, Athens, Prassiai, Aegina, Epidaurus, Hermione, Troizene, Nauplion and Orchomenos) resolving political and religious issues of its members (analogous to modern international organizations). After the dissolution of the Amphictyony, Poseidon's Temple continued to be a place of worship. In Byzantine times, Poros and other islands were often raided by pirates. During the Ottoman occupation Poros remained independent, helping however, neighbouring islands after the breakout ...

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Poros, Poros - History, Poros - Interesting places, Poros - Historical population

Read more here: » Poros: Encyclopedia II - Poros - History

See main article for detailed information: History of Pakistan (Including pre-history, civilizations of the region, and modern events to date) Related articles: History of Afghanistan, History of Iran, History of Tajikistan, History of Central Asia, History of South Asia, History of India. Pakistan is the birthplace of some of the most ancient civilizations and a strategic center of historic trade routes, including the Silk Road. It exists in a region whose history has overlapped that of many empires (e.g M ...

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Pakistan, Pakistan - History, Pakistan - Ancient History, Pakistan - Arrival of Islam, Pakistan - Pre-colonial History, Pakistan - British rule, Pakistan - Independence and After, Pakistan - Politics, Pakistan - Domestic Politics, Pakistan - Foreign Relations, Pakistan - Political History, Pakistan - Geography, Pakistan - Economy, Pakistan - Overview, Pakistan - Macroeconomic Reform and Prospects, Pakistan - Tourism, Pakistan - Demographics, Pakistan - Population Statistics, Pakistan - Religion, Pakistan - Languages, Pakistan - Ethnic Groups, Pakistan - Subdivisions, Pakistan - Society and Culture, Pakistan - Roots, Pakistan - Film Television & Music, Pakistan - Globalization, Pakistan - Sports, Pakistan - Mercantile Culture

Read more here: » Pakistan: Encyclopedia II - Pakistan - History

The Sarai part of the name is of Middle Eastern origin, and refers to an enclosed space, tavern or public house in a city or beside a road, where travellers and caravans could find shelter. The Alamgir part of the name refers to the seventeenth sentury Mughal emperor Aurangzeb who founded the town. The town is colloquially referred to as Sarai. See also: Sarai ...

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Sarai Alamgir, Sarai Alamgir - Name, Sarai Alamgir - Geography and Climate, Sarai Alamgir - History, Sarai Alamgir - Transport, Sarai Alamgir - Sites of Interest

Read more here: » Sarai Alamgir: Encyclopedia II - Sarai Alamgir - Name

Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire. Alexander's army had crossed the Hellespont with about 42,000 soldiers---primarily Macedonians1 and Greeks, but also including some Thracians, Paionians and Illyrians. After an initial victory against Persian forces at the Battle of Granicus, Alexander accepted the surrender of the Persian provincial capital and treasury of Sardis and proceeded down the Ionian coast. At Halicarnassus, Alexander successfully waged the fi ...

See also:

Alexander the Great, Alexander the Great - Early life, Alexander the Great - The ascent of Macedon, Alexander the Great - Period of conquests, Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire, Alexander the Great - The invasion of India, Alexander the Great - After India, Alexander the Great - Alexander's marriages and sexuality, Alexander the Great - The army of Alexander the Great before the Battle of Gaugamela, Alexander the Great - Infantry, Alexander the Great - Cavalry, Alexander the Great - Death, Alexander the Great - Legacy and division of the empire, Alexander the Great - Timeline, Alexander the Great - Alexander's character, Alexander the Great - Stories and legends, Alexander the Great - Ancient sources, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend in non-Western sources, Alexander the Great - Main towns founded by Alexander, Alexander the Great - Alexander in popular media, Alexander the Great - Note

Read more here: » Alexander the Great: Encyclopedia II - Alexander the Great - Period of conquests

List of Indian monarchs - Bharata Dynasty c. 1600-1400 BC. Manu Vaivasvata (from c. 1600 BC) Sudyumna Yayati, great-grandson of Sudyumna Dushyanta, father of Bharata Bharata, son of Dushyanta, India's native name Bharatavarsha (Bharat) is named after him Bhimanyu, son of Bharata Sudas Rsabha Srestha ...

See also:

List of Indian monarchs, List of Indian monarchs - Puru-Bharata Dynasty c. 1600 BC - 1013 CE, List of Indian monarchs - Bharata Dynasty c. 1600-1400 BC, List of Indian monarchs - Puru Dynasty c. 1400-1200 BC, List of Indian monarchs - Kuru Dynasty c. 1200-450 BC, List of Indian monarchs - Paurava Dynasty c. 450-316 BC, List of Indian monarchs - Janjua Shahi Dynasty 960-1013 CE, List of Indian monarchs - Magadhan Emperors c. 684 BC - 550 CE, List of Indian monarchs - Shishunaga Dynasty 684-424 BC, List of Indian monarchs - Shakya Dynasty c. 650-500 BC, List of Indian monarchs - Nanda Dynasty 424-321 BC, List of Indian monarchs - Maurya Dynasty 324-184 BC, List of Indian monarchs - Shunga Dynasty 185-73 BC, List of Indian monarchs - Gupta Dynasty c. 240-550 CE, List of Indian monarchs - Pandya Dynasty c. 550 BC - 2006 CE, List of Indian monarchs - Central Pandya Dynasty c. 550 BC - 1311 CE, List of Indian monarchs - Pandalam Dynasty 903-2006 CE, List of Indian monarchs - Persian Achaemenid Dynasty c. 538-330 BC, List of Indian monarchs - Macedonian Emperors 326-321 BC, List of Indian monarchs - Chera Dynasty c. 300 BC - 1314 CE, List of Indian monarchs - Ancient Chera Kings c. 300 BC - 397 CE, List of Indian monarchs - Kulashekhara Dynasty 825-1314 CE, List of Indian monarchs - Satavahana Dynasty c. 230 BC - 199 CE, List of Indian monarchs - Euthydemid Dynasty c. 221-85 BC, List of Indian monarchs - Chola Dynasty c. 100 BC - 1279 CE, List of Indian monarchs - Sangam Cholas c. 100 BC - 200 CE, List of Indian monarchs - Chola Emperors 848-1279 CE, List of Indian monarchs - Indo-Scythian Rulers c. 85 BC - 45 CE, List of Indian monarchs - North-western India c. 90 BC - 10 CE, List of Indian monarchs - Apracharaja Rulers 12 BC - 45 CE, List of Indian monarchs - Mathura area c. 20 BC - 20 CE, List of Indian monarchs - Minor local rulers, List of Indian monarchs - Indo-Parthian Rulers c. 21-100 CE, List of Indian monarchs - Kushana Dynasty 80-225, List of Indian monarchs - Pallava Dynasty 275-882, List of Indian monarchs - Early Pallavas 275-355, List of Indian monarchs - Middle Pallavas 355-537, List of Indian monarchs - Later Pallavas 537-882, List of Indian monarchs - Chalukya Dynasty 543-1156, List of Indian monarchs - Chalukyas of Badami 543-757, List of Indian monarchs - Chalukyas of Kalyana 973-1156, List of Indian monarchs - Rashtrakutas of Manyaketha 735-982, List of Indian monarchs - Shahi Dynasty c. 890-895, List of Indian monarchs - Brahmin Shahi Dynasty c. 890-960, List of Indian monarchs - Janjua Shahi Dynasty 960-1013, List of Indian monarchs - Hoysala Dynasty 1000-1346, List of Indian monarchs - Delhi Sultanate 1206-1526, List of Indian monarchs - Slave Dynasty 1206-1290, List of Indian monarchs - Khilji Dynasty 1290-1320, List of Indian monarchs - Tughlaq Dynasty 1321-1398, List of Indian monarchs - Sayyid Dynasty 1414-1451, List of Indian monarchs - Lodi Dynasty 1451-1526, List of Indian monarchs - Bahmani Sultanate 1322-1527, List of Indian monarchs - Vijayanagara Empire 1336-1660, List of Indian monarchs - Sangama Dynasty 1336-1487, List of Indian monarchs - Saluva Dynasty 1490-1567, List of Indian monarchs - Tuluva Dynasty 1542-1614, List of Indian monarchs - Mughals and Suris 1526-1857, List of Indian monarchs - Mughal Dynasty 1526-1540, List of Indian monarchs - Suri Dynasty 1540-1555, List of Indian monarchs - Mughal Dynasty Restored 1555-1857, List of Indian monarchs - Maratha Empire 1674-1818, List of Indian monarchs - Chhatrapatis at Satara, List of Indian monarchs - Chhatrapatis at Kolhapur, List of Indian monarchs - The Peshwas, List of Indian monarchs - Maharajas of Thanjavur, List of Indian monarchs - Scindia Rulers of Gwalior, List of Indian monarchs - The Nawabs 1707-1856, List of Indian monarchs - Nawabs of Bengal 1707-1770, List of Indian monarchs - Nawabs of Awadh 1722-1856, List of Indian monarchs - Nizams of Hyderabad 1724-1948, List of Indian monarchs - Rulers of Mysore 1399-1950, List of Indian monarchs - Wodeyar Dynasty 1399-1782, List of Indian monarchs - Islamic Rulers of Mysore 1766-1799, List of Indian monarchs - Wodeyar Dynasty Restored 1799-1950, List of Indian monarchs - British Emperors of India 1877-1947

Read more here: » List of Indian monarchs: Encyclopedia II - List of Indian monarchs - Puru-Bharata Dynasty c. 1600 BC - 1013 CE

List of Indian monarchs - Bharata Dynasty c. 1600-1400 BC. Manu Vaivasvata (from c. 1600 BC) Sudyumna Yayati, great-grandson of Sudyumna Dushyanta, father of Bharata Bharata, son of Dushyanta, India's native name Bharatavarsha (Bharat) is named after him Bhimanyu, son of Bharata Sudas Rsabha Srestha ...

See also:

List of Indian monarchs, List of Indian monarchs - Puru-Bharata Dynasty c. 1600 BC - 1013 CE, List of Indian monarchs - Bharata Dynasty c. 1600-1400 BC, List of Indian monarchs - Puru Dynasty c. 1400-1200 BC, List of Indian monarchs - Kuru Dynasty c. 1200-450 BC, List of Indian monarchs - Paurava Dynasty c. 450-316 BC, List of Indian monarchs - Janjua Shahi Dynasty 960-1013 CE, List of Indian monarchs - Magadhan Emperors c. 684 BC - 550 CE, List of Indian monarchs - Shishunaga Dynasty 684-424 BC, List of Indian monarchs - Shakya Dynasty c. 650-500 BC, List of Indian monarchs - Nanda Dynasty 424-321 BC, List of Indian monarchs - Maurya Dynasty 324-184 BC, List of Indian monarchs - Shunga Dynasty 185-73 BC, List of Indian monarchs - Gupta Dynasty c. 240-550 CE, List of Indian monarchs - Pandya Dynasty c. 550 BC - Present, List of Indian monarchs - Central Pandya Dynasty c. 550 BC - 1311 CE, List of Indian monarchs - Pandalam Dynasty 903 - Present, List of Indian monarchs - Persian Achaemenid Dynasty c. 538-330 BC, List of Indian monarchs - Macedonian Emperors 326-321 BC, List of Indian monarchs - Chera Dynasty c. 300 BC - 1314 CE, List of Indian monarchs - Ancient Chera Kings c. 300 BC - 397 CE, List of Indian monarchs - Kulashekhara Dynasty 825-1314 CE, List of Indian monarchs - Satavahana Dynasty c. 230 BC - 199 CE, List of Indian monarchs - Euthydemid Dynasty c. 221-85 BC, List of Indian monarchs - Chola Dynasty c. 100 BC - 1279 CE, List of Indian monarchs - Sangam Cholas c. 100 BC - 200 CE, List of Indian monarchs - Chola Emperors 848-1279 CE, List of Indian monarchs - Indo-Scythian Rulers c. 85 BC - 45 CE, List of Indian monarchs - North-western India c. 90 BC - 10 CE, List of Indian monarchs - Apracharaja Rulers 12 BC - 45 CE, List of Indian monarchs - Mathura area c. 20 BC - 20 CE, List of Indian monarchs - Minor local rulers, List of Indian monarchs - Indo-Parthian Rulers c. 21-100 CE, List of Indian monarchs - Kushana Dynasty 80-225, List of Indian monarchs - Pallava Dynasty 275-882, List of Indian monarchs - Early Pallavas 275-355, List of Indian monarchs - Middle Pallavas 355-537, List of Indian monarchs - Later Pallavas 537-882, List of Indian monarchs - Kadambas of Banavasi 345-525, List of Indian monarchs - Chalukya Dynasty 543-1156, List of Indian monarchs - Chalukyas of Badami 543-757, List of Indian monarchs - Chalukyas of Kalyana 973-1156, List of Indian monarchs - Shashanka dynasy 600-625, List of Indian monarchs - Harsha dynasty 606-648, List of Indian monarchs - Rashtrakutas of Manyaketha 735-982, List of Indian monarchs - Shahi Dynasty c. 890-895, List of Indian monarchs - Brahmin Shahi Dynasty c. 890-960, List of Indian monarchs - Janjua Shahi Dynasty 960-1013, List of Indian monarchs - Hoysala Dynasty 1000-1346, List of Indian monarchs - Delhi Sultanate 1206-1526, List of Indian monarchs - Slave Dynasty 1206-1290, List of Indian monarchs - Khilji Dynasty 1290-1320, List of Indian monarchs - Tughlaq Dynasty 1321-1398, List of Indian monarchs - Sayyid Dynasty 1414-1451, List of Indian monarchs - Lodi Dynasty 1451-1526, List of Indian monarchs - Bahmani Sultanate 1322-1527, List of Indian monarchs - Vijayanagara Empire 1336-1660, List of Indian monarchs - Sangama Dynasty 1336-1487, List of Indian monarchs - Saluva Dynasty 1490-1567, List of Indian monarchs - Tuluva Dynasty 1542-1614, List of Indian monarchs - Mughals and Suris 1526-1857, List of Indian monarchs - Mughal Dynasty 1526-1540, List of Indian monarchs - Suri Dynasty 1540-1555, List of Indian monarchs - Mughal Dynasty Restored 1555-1857, List of Indian monarchs - Maratha Empire 1674-1818, List of Indian monarchs - Chhatrapatis at Satara, List of Indian monarchs - Chhatrapatis at Kolhapur, List of Indian monarchs - The Peshwas, List of Indian monarchs - Maharajas of Thanjavur, List of Indian monarchs - Scindia Rulers of Gwalior, List of Indian monarchs - The Nawabs 1707-1856, List of Indian monarchs - Nawabs of Bengal 1707-1770, List of Indian monarchs - Nawabs of Awadh 1722-1856, List of Indian monarchs - Nizams of Hyderabad 1724-1948, List of Indian monarchs - Rulers of Mysore 1399-1950, List of Indian monarchs - Wodeyar Dynasty 1399-1782, List of Indian monarchs - Islamic Rulers of Mysore 1766-1799, List of Indian monarchs - Wodeyar Dynasty Restored 1799-1950, List of Indian monarchs - British Emperors of India 1877-1947

Read more here: » List of Indian monarchs: Encyclopedia II - List of Indian monarchs - Puru-Bharata Dynasty c. 1600 BC - 1013 CE

The length of the Greek presence in Central Asia and northern India provided opportunities for interaction, not only on the artistic, but also on the religious plane. Greco-Buddhism - Alexander the Great in Bactria and India 331-325. When Alexander conquered the Bactrian and Gandharan regions, these areas may already have been under Buddhist influence. According to a legend preserved in Pali, the language of the Theravada canon, two merchant brothers from Bactria, named Tapassu and Bhallika, visited the Buddha and became his disciples. They then ret ...

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Greco-Buddhism, Greco-Buddhism - Historical outline, Greco-Buddhism - Religious interactions, Greco-Buddhism - Alexander the Great in Bactria and India 331-325, Greco-Buddhism - The Mauryan empire 322–183 BCE, Greco-Buddhism - The Greek presence in Bactria 325 to 125 BCE, Greco-Buddhism - The Indo-Greek kingdom and Buddhism 180 BCE –10 CE, Greco-Buddhism - The Kushan empire 1st–3rd century CE, Greco-Buddhism - Artistic influences, Greco-Buddhism - The anthropomorphic representation of the Buddha, Greco-Buddhism - A Hellenized Buddhist pantheon, Greco-Buddhism - Greco-Buddhism and the rise of the Mahayana, Greco-Buddhism - Conceptual influences, Greco-Buddhism - Gandharan proselytism, Greco-Buddhism - Intellectual influences in Asia, Greco-Buddhism - Greco-Buddhism and the West, Greco-Buddhism - Exchanges, Greco-Buddhism - Religious influences, Greco-Buddhism - Notes

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The reign of Ashoka was followed for 50 years by a succession of weaker kings. Brhadrata, the last ruler of the Mauryan dynasty, ruled territories that had shrunk considerably from the time of emperor Ashoka, but he was still upholding the Buddhist faith. He was assassinated in 185 BCE during a military parade by the commander-in-chief of his guard, the Brahmin general Pusyamitra Sunga, who then took over the ...

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Mauryan Empire, Mauryan Empire - Formative period, Mauryan Empire - The rise of a unified state, Mauryan Empire - The Mauryan empire, Mauryan Empire - Chandragupta, Mauryan Empire - Bindusara, Mauryan Empire - Ashoka, Mauryan Empire - Mauryan Administration, Mauryan Empire - Decline

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Sramana - Nicolaus of Damascus c.10 CE. Nicolaus of Damascus is famous for his account of an embassy sent by an Indian king "named Pandion (Pandyan kingdom?) or, according to others, Porus" to Caesar Augustus around 13 CE. He met with the embassy at Antioch. The embassy was bearing a diplomatic letter in Greek, and one of its members was a sramana ("Σαρμανο") who burnt himself alive in Athens to demonstrate his faith. The event made a sensation and was quoted by StraboSee also:

Sramana, Sramana - Etymology, Sramana - Sramana Movement, Sramana - Sramana Teachings and Schools, Sramana - Sramanas in Western litterature, Sramana - Nicolaus of Damascus c.10 CE, Sramana - Clement of Alexandria 150-211, Sramana - Porphyry 233-305, Sramana - Notes

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Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire. Alexander's army had crossed the Hellespont with about 40,000 soldiers---primarily Macedonians [1] and Greeks, but also including some Thracians, Paionians and Illyrians. After an initial victory against Persian forces at the Battle of Granicus, Alexander accepted the surrender of the Persian provincial capital and treasury of Sardis and proceeded down the Ionian coast. At H ...

See also:

Alexander the Great, Alexander the Great - Early life, Alexander the Great - The ascent of Macedon, Alexander the Great - Period of conquests, Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire, Alexander the Great - The invasion of India, Alexander the Great - After India, Alexander the Great - Alexander's marriages and sexuality, Alexander the Great - The army of Alexander the Great before the Battle of Gaugamela, Alexander the Great - Infantry, Alexander the Great - Cavalry, Alexander the Great - Death, Alexander the Great - Legacy and division of the empire, Alexander the Great - Timeline, Alexander the Great - Alexander's character, Alexander the Great - Stories and legends, Alexander the Great - Ancient sources, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend in non-Western sources, Alexander the Great - Main towns founded by Alexander, Alexander the Great - Alexander in popular media, Alexander the Great - Note

Read more here: » Alexander the Great: Encyclopedia II - Alexander the Great - Period of conquests

The original inhabitants of ancient Balochistan, and other regions of Pakistan, were the aborigine tribes speaking languages related to Munda languages. The Dravidians invaded from the Iranian plateau and settled in Balochistan and Indus valley around 4000 BCE. The Brahui living in Balochistan still speak Dravidian language. The Indo-European tribes invaded from the Eastern Europe in 2000 BCE and settled in all regions of Pakistan. Later, these Aryan groups would become the Pakhtuns and the various Dardic and other tribes that currently popu ...

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Balochistan, Balochistan - Landscape, Balochistan - History, Balochistan - Accession problem of 1948, Balochistan - Prince Abdul Karim Khan, Balochistan - Beginning of the movement and political allies, Balochistan - Plan of action, Balochistan - Armed struggle, Balochistan - Soviets and Afghans, Balochistan - Prince Karim's legitimacy outlawed, Balochistan - The return of Karim, Balochistan - His capture, Balochistan - Trial, Balochistan - Second Baloch National Resistance of 1968, Balochistan - Balochistan Rebellion During the 70s, Balochistan - Revival of Struggle for Provincial Rights, Balochistan - Military Cantonments Issue, Balochistan - Old Grievances, Balochistan - Solutions, Balochistan - Recent Development Projects

Read more here: » Balochistan: Encyclopedia II - Balochistan - History

When Alexander the Great conquered the north-western part of the Indian subcontinent in 326 BCE, he allied with king Ambhi of Taxila (called Taxiles or Omphis in Greek sources), and with his support managed to subdue king Porus of Pauravas, a state of eastern Punjab, defeating him at the Battle of the Hydaspes River. Alexander thereafter established vassal states (satrapies), headed by the previous kings Ambhi and Porus, and founded several garrison towns. A Greek satrap named Philippus controlled a Macedonian occupation force. After his ass ...

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Mauryan Empire, Mauryan Empire - Birth of an Empire, Mauryan Empire - Chanakya and Chandragupta Maurya, Mauryan Empire - Conquest of Magadha, Mauryan Empire - Building India's first empire, Mauryan Empire - Emperor Chandragupta, Mauryan Empire - Ashoka, Mauryan Empire - Administration, Mauryan Empire - Economy, Mauryan Empire - Religion, Mauryan Empire - Decline, Mauryan Empire - The Empire to modern Indians

Read more here: » Mauryan Empire: Encyclopedia II - Mauryan Empire - Birth of an Empire

Following the birth of Islam in Arabia in the 6th century, the Muslims rose to power, replacing Persia as the major power to the west of India. In 711-713 Muslim armies conquered Sind and advanced into the southern Punjab, occupying Multan. Multan became a center of the Ismaili sect of Islam. The northern Punjab was divided into small Hindu kingdoms. The Hindu Shahi dynasty ruled much of the Punjab, as well as western Afghanistan, from the mid-ninth to the early eleventh centuries. The Shahi Kingdom was originally based in Kabul, and later spread across the Punjab. Kabul was lost to Turkic Mu ...

See also:

History of the Punjab, History of the Punjab - Introduction, History of the Punjab - Indo-Aryans, History of the Punjab - Vedic Punjab, History of the Punjab - Epic Punjab, History of the Punjab - Paninian Punjab, History of the Punjab - Persian Domination, History of the Punjab - Alexander's Invasion and the Indo-Greek kingdoms, History of the Punjab - Sakas Kushanas and Hephthalites, History of the Punjab - Muslim invasions and the Shahi Kingdom, History of the Punjab - The Delhi Sultanate and Mughal empire, History of the Punjab - The Rise of Sikh Power, History of the Punjab - The British in Punjab, History of the Punjab - The Punjab of India and Pakistan, History of the Punjab - Punjab History Timeline

Read more here: » History of the Punjab: Encyclopedia II - History of the Punjab - Muslim invasions and the Shahi Kingdom

Pakistan - Overview. Pakistan, a developing country, is the sixth most populous in the world and has faced a number of challenges on the political and economic fronts. Although a very poor country when it became independent in 1947, in the 1960s Harvard economists proclaimed it to be a model of economic development. In each of its first four decades, Pakistan's economic growth rate was better than the global average, but imprudent policies led to a slowdown in the late 1990s. Since then, the Pakistani government ...

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Pakistan, Pakistan - History, Pakistan - Ancient History, Pakistan - Arrival of Islam, Pakistan - Pre-colonial History, Pakistan - British rule, Pakistan - Independence and After, Pakistan - Politics, Pakistan - Domestic Politics, Pakistan - Foreign Relations, Pakistan - Political History, Pakistan - Geography, Pakistan - Economy, Pakistan - Overview, Pakistan - Macroeconomic Reform and Prospects, Pakistan - Tourism, Pakistan - Demographics, Pakistan - Population Statistics, Pakistan - Religion, Pakistan - Languages, Pakistan - Ethnic Groups, Pakistan - Subdivisions, Pakistan - Society and Culture, Pakistan - Roots, Pakistan - Film Television & Music, Pakistan - Globalization, Pakistan - Sports, Pakistan - Mercantile Culture

Read more here: » Pakistan: Encyclopedia II - Pakistan - Economy

Becoming the king of one of India's most powerful states, Chandragupta invaded the Punjab, after one of Alexander's satraps, Peithon of Media had tried to raise a coalition against him. He managed to conquer the Punjab capital of Taxila, one of ancient India's most important cities, increasing his power and consolidating his control. Mauryan Empire - Emperor Chandragupta. Chandragupta was again in conflict with the Greeks, when Seleucus I, ruler of the Seleucid Empire, tried to reconquer the northwestern p ...

See also:

Mauryan Empire, Mauryan Empire - Birth of an Empire, Mauryan Empire - Chanakya and Chandragupta Maurya, Mauryan Empire - Conquest of Magadha, Mauryan Empire - Building India's first empire, Mauryan Empire - Emperor Chandragupta, Mauryan Empire - Ashoka, Mauryan Empire - Administration, Mauryan Empire - Economy, Mauryan Empire - Religion, Mauryan Empire - Decline, Mauryan Empire - The Empire to modern Indians

Read more here: » Mauryan Empire: Encyclopedia II - Mauryan Empire - Building India's first empire

The Empire was divided into four provinces with the imperial capital at Pataliputra. From Ashokan edicts, the name of the four provincial capitals are Tosali (in the east), Ujjain in the west, Suvarnagiri (in the south), and Taxila (in the north). The head of the provincial administration was the Kumara (royal prince) who used to govern the provinces as king's representative. The kumara was in turn assisted by Mahamatyas and council of ministers. This organizational structure was reflected at the imperial level with the Emperor and ...

See also:

Mauryan Empire, Mauryan Empire - Birth of an Empire, Mauryan Empire - Chanakya and Chandragupta Maurya, Mauryan Empire - Conquest of Magadha, Mauryan Empire - Building India's first empire, Mauryan Empire - Emperor Chandragupta, Mauryan Empire - Ashoka, Mauryan Empire - Administration, Mauryan Empire - Economy, Mauryan Empire - Religion, Mauryan Empire - Decline, Mauryan Empire - The Empire to modern Indians

Read more here: » Mauryan Empire: Encyclopedia II - Mauryan Empire - Administration

Alexander's greatest emotional attachment is generally considered to have been to his companion, cavalry commander (chiliarchos) and probable lover, Hephaestion. They had most likely been best friends since childhood for Hephaestion too received his education at the court of Alexander's father. Hephaestion makes his appearance in history at the point when Alexander reaches Troy. There the two friends made sacrifices at the shrines of the two heroes Achilles and Patroclus, Alexander honoring Achilles, and Hephaestion honoring Patroclus ...

See also:

Alexander the Great, Alexander the Great - Early life, Alexander the Great - The ascent of Macedonia, Alexander the Great - Period of conquests, Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire, Alexander the Great - The invasion of India, Alexander the Great - After India, Alexander the Great - Alexander's marriages and sexuality, Alexander the Great - The army of Alexander the Great before the Battle of Gaugamela, Alexander the Great - Infantry, Alexander the Great - Cavalry, Alexander the Great - Death, Alexander the Great - Legacy and division of the empire, Alexander the Great - Timeline, Alexander the Great - Alexander's character, Alexander the Great - Stories and legends, Alexander the Great - Ancient sources, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend in non-Western sources, Alexander the Great - Main towns founded by Alexander, Alexander the Great - Alexander in popular media, Alexander the Great - Note

Read more here: » Alexander the Great: Encyclopedia II - Alexander the Great - Alexander's marriages and sexuality

On the afternoon of June 10 - 11, 323 BC, Alexander died of a mysterious illness in the palace of Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon. He was just one month shy of attaining 33 years of age. Various theories have been proposed for the cause of his death which include poisoning by the sons of Antipater or others, sickness that followed a drinking party, or a relapse of the malaria he had contracted in 336 BC. What is certain is that on May 29, Alexander participated in a banquet organized by his friend Medius of Larissa. After some heavy drin ...

See also:

Alexander the Great, Alexander the Great - Early life, Alexander the Great - The ascent of Macedonia, Alexander the Great - Period of conquests, Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire, Alexander the Great - The invasion of India, Alexander the Great - After India, Alexander the Great - Alexander's marriages and sexuality, Alexander the Great - The army of Alexander the Great before the Battle of Gaugamela, Alexander the Great - Infantry, Alexander the Great - Cavalry, Alexander the Great - Death, Alexander the Great - Legacy and division of the empire, Alexander the Great - Timeline, Alexander the Great - Alexander's character, Alexander the Great - Stories and legends, Alexander the Great - Ancient sources, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend in non-Western sources, Alexander the Great - Main towns founded by Alexander, Alexander the Great - Alexander in popular media, Alexander the Great - Note

Read more here: » Alexander the Great: Encyclopedia II - Alexander the Great - Death

After Alexander's death, his empire was divided among his officers, mostly with the pretense of first preserving a united kingdom. Later, his officers were focused on the explicit formation of rival monarchies and territorial states. Ultimately, the conflict was settled after the Battle of Ipsus in Phrygia in 301 BC. Alexander's empire was divided at first into four major portions: Cassander ruled in Macedon, Lysimachus in Thrace, Seleucus in Mesopotamia and Iran, and Ptolemy in the Levant and Egypt. Antigonus ruled for a while in Asi ...

See also:

Alexander the Great, Alexander the Great - Early life, Alexander the Great - The ascent of Macedonia, Alexander the Great - Period of conquests, Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire, Alexander the Great - The invasion of India, Alexander the Great - After India, Alexander the Great - Alexander's marriages and sexuality, Alexander the Great - The army of Alexander the Great before the Battle of Gaugamela, Alexander the Great - Infantry, Alexander the Great - Cavalry, Alexander the Great - Death, Alexander the Great - Legacy and division of the empire, Alexander the Great - Timeline, Alexander the Great - Alexander's character, Alexander the Great - Stories and legends, Alexander the Great - Ancient sources, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend in non-Western sources, Alexander the Great - Main towns founded by Alexander, Alexander the Great - Alexander in popular media, Alexander the Great - Note

Read more here: » Alexander the Great: Encyclopedia II - Alexander the Great - Legacy and division of the empire

Main article: Demographics of Pakistan Pakistan - Population Statistics. Pakistan has the world's sixth largest population, more than Russia, but less than Brazil. Because of Pakistan's high growth rate, it is expected to overtake Brazil in population in the year 2020. Population projections for Pakistan are relatively difficult because of the apparent differences in the accuracy of each census and the inconsistencies between various surveys related to fertility rate, however it is likely that the rate of growth peak ...

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Pakistan, Pakistan - History, Pakistan - Ancient History, Pakistan - Arrival of Islam, Pakistan - Pre-colonial History, Pakistan - British rule, Pakistan - Independence and After, Pakistan - Politics, Pakistan - Domestic Politics, Pakistan - Foreign Relations, Pakistan - Political History, Pakistan - Geography, Pakistan - Economy, Pakistan - Overview, Pakistan - Macroeconomic Reform and Prospects, Pakistan - Tourism, Pakistan - Demographics, Pakistan - Population Statistics, Pakistan - Religion, Pakistan - Languages, Pakistan - Ethnic Groups, Pakistan - Subdivisions, Pakistan - Society and Culture, Pakistan - Roots, Pakistan - Film Television & Music, Pakistan - Globalization, Pakistan - Sports, Pakistan - Mercantile Culture

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Alexander was the son of King Philip II of Macedon and of Epirote princess Olympias. According to Plutarch (Alexander 3.1,3), Olympias was impregnated not by Philip, who was afraid of her and her affinity for sleeping in the company of snakes, but by Zeus. Plutarch (Alexander 2.2-3) relates that both Philip and Olympias dreamt of their son's future birth. Olympias dreamed of a loud burst of thunder and of lightning striking her womb. In Philip's dream, he sealed her womb with the seal of the lion. Alarmed by this, he consulted the seer Aristander of Telmessus, who determined that his wife was pregnant and ...

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Alexander the Great, Alexander the Great - Early life, Alexander the Great - The ascent of Macedonia, Alexander the Great - Period of conquests, Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire, Alexander the Great - The invasion of India, Alexander the Great - After India, Alexander the Great - Alexander's marriages and sexuality, Alexander the Great - The army of Alexander the Great before the Battle of Gaugamela, Alexander the Great - Infantry, Alexander the Great - Cavalry, Alexander the Great - Death, Alexander the Great - Legacy and division of the empire, Alexander the Great - Timeline, Alexander the Great - Alexander's character, Alexander the Great - Stories and legends, Alexander the Great - Ancient sources, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend in non-Western sources, Alexander the Great - Main towns founded by Alexander, Alexander the Great - Alexander in popular media, Alexander the Great - Note

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