For the mythological figures, see Porus (Greek mythology) and Porus (Roman mythology). Porus, the Greek version of the Indian names Puru or Purushottama, was the ruler of a Kingdom that was located between what is now known as the Jhelum and the Chenab rivers (in Greek sources called Hydaspes and Acesines) in the Punjab. Its capital may have been around what is currently the city of Lahore [1]. Unlike his neighbour, Ambhi (in Greek: Omphius), the King of ...

Including:

• Porus - Death
• Porus - Additional Reading

Read more here: » Porus: Encyclopedia - Porus

Porus is supposed to have held the position of a Macedonian subordinate ruler until he was assassinated, sometime between 321 and 315 BC, by the Thracian Eudamus' agents after the death of Alexander (Diodorus Siculus . After his assassination, his son Malayketu ascended the throne with the help of Eudamus. However, Malayketu was killed in the Battle of Gabiene in 317 BC. ...

See also:

Porus, Porus - Death, Porus - Additional Reading

Read more here: » Porus: Encyclopedia II - Porus - Death

The Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Urdu: اسلامی جمہوریۂ پاکستان, islāmī jamhūriya i pākistān), or Pakistan (Urdu: پاکستان, pākistān) is a country located in South Asia that overlaps onto the Greater Middle East and Central Asia. The country borders Iran (Persia), Afghanistan, China, India and the Arabian Sea. The name of the country "Pakistan" in Urdu and Persian means Land of the Pure. With around 163 million inhabitants, it is the sixth most populous country with the secon ...

Including:

• Pakistan - History
• Pakistan - Ancient History
• Pakistan - Arrival of Islam
• Pakistan - Pre-colonial History
• Pakistan - British rule
• Pakistan - Independence and After
• Pakistan - Politics
• Pakistan - Domestic Politics
• Pakistan - Foreign Relations
• Pakistan - Political History
• Pakistan - Geography
• Pakistan - Economy
• Pakistan - Overview
• Pakistan - Macroeconomic Reform and Prospects
• Pakistan - Tourism
• Pakistan - Demographics
• Pakistan - Population Statistics
• Pakistan - Religion
• Pakistan - Languages
• Pakistan - Ethnic Groups
• Pakistan - Subdivisions
• Pakistan - Society and Culture
• Pakistan - Roots
• Pakistan - Film Television & Music
• Pakistan - Globalization
• Pakistan - Sports
• Pakistan - Mercantile Culture

Read more here: » Pakistan: Encyclopedia - Pakistan

India's famous name Bharat or Bharat-Varsh is actually named after a forefather of the Puru dynasty King Bharat. Bharat-Varsh means 'Kingdom of Bharat'.[9] The Mahabharata epic is actually a record of the internal struggle and eventual war between the Purus/Kurus. This also believed to be the world's longest poem and Raja Janamejaya is responsible for the retelling of this epic. The hero of this epic, King/Raja Arjun Pandav, was himself first cousin to the famed Lord Krishna (believed by the Hindus to be an incarnate of Lord Vi ...

See also:

Janjua, Janjua - Origins, Janjua - Famous Historical Personalities, Janjua - Nature and Characteristics, Janjua - Janjuas Today, Janjua - Notable Janjuas, Janjua - Books

Read more here: » Janjua: Encyclopedia II - Janjua - Famous Historical Personalities

A Sramana (Sramati tapasyatiti Sramanah) is one who performs acts of mortification or austerity. According to the definition, a being is himself responsible for his own deeds. Salvation, therefore, can be achieved by anybody irrespective of caste, creed, color or culture. The Cycle of Rebirth to which every individual is subjected is viewed as the cause and substratum of misery. The goal of every person is to evolve a way to escape from the cycle of rebirth, namely by discounting ritual as a means of a emancipation and establishing fr ...

Including:

• Sramana - Etymology
• Sramana - Sramana Movement
• Sramana - Sramana Teachings and Schools
• Sramana - Sramanas in Western litterature
• Sramana - Nicolaus of Damascus c.10 CE
• Sramana - Clement of Alexandria 150-211
• Sramana - Porphyry 233-305
• Sramana - Notes

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The Battle of the Hydaspes River was a battle fought by Alexander the Great in 326 BC against the Indian king Porus (in Sanskrit Purushotthama) on the Hydaspes River (now the Jhelum) in present-day Pakistan. Although Alexander was victorious, his army refused to go any further into India. His tired army saw the use of elephants for the first time in years since Gaugamela. Later, Porus trained Alexander's army to combat such attacks. Battle of the Hydaspes River - Combatants. Macedonians and var ...

Including:

• Battle of the Hydaspes River - Combatants
• Battle of the Hydaspes River - Location
• Battle of the Hydaspes River - Prelude
• Battle of the Hydaspes River - Battle
• Battle of the Hydaspes River - Aftermath

Read more here: » Battle of the Hydaspes River: Encyclopedia - Battle of the Hydaspes River

Balochistan or Baluchistan is an arid region located in the Iranian Plateau in Southwest Asia, between Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan. The area is named after the numerous Baluch (or Baloch, Balouch) tribes, an Iranian people, who moved into the area from the west around 1000 A.D. All natives are considered Balochi even if they do not speak the Baluchi language; Pashto, Persian, and Brahui languages are also spoken in the region. The southern part of Balochistan is known as Makran. Balochistan - Landscape. Including:

• Balochistan - Landscape
• Balochistan - History
• Balochistan - Accession problem of 1948
• Balochistan - Prince Abdul Karim Khan
• Balochistan - Beginning of the movement and political allies
• Balochistan - Plan of action
• Balochistan - Armed struggle
• Balochistan - Soviets and Afghans
• Balochistan - Prince Karim's legitimacy outlawed
• Balochistan - The return of Karim
• Balochistan - His capture
• Balochistan - Trial
• Balochistan - Second Baloch National Resistance of 1968
• Balochistan - Balochistan Rebellion During the 70s
• Balochistan - Revival of Struggle for Provincial Rights
• Balochistan - Military Cantonments Issue
• Balochistan - Old Grievances
• Balochistan - Solutions
• Balochistan - Recent Development Projects

Read more here: » Balochistan: Encyclopedia - Balochistan

Alexander the Great (in Greek Μέγας Αλέξανδρος, transliterated Megas Alexandros; born in Pella, Macedon, in July, 356 BC, died in Babylon, on June 10, 323 BC), King of Macedon 336–323 BC, is arguably the most successful military commander in world history, conquering most of the known world before his death. Alexander is also known in the Zoroastrian Middle Persian work Arda Wiraz Nāmag as "the accursed Alexander" due to his conquest of the ...

Including:

• Alexander the Great - Early life
• Alexander the Great - The ascent of Macedon
• Alexander the Great - Period of conquests
• Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire
• Alexander the Great - The invasion of India
• Alexander the Great - After India
• Alexander the Great - Alexander's marriages and sexuality
• Alexander the Great - The army of Alexander the Great before the Battle of Gaugamela
• Alexander the Great - Infantry
• Alexander the Great - Cavalry
• Alexander the Great - Death
• Alexander the Great - Legacy and division of the empire
• Alexander the Great - Timeline
• Alexander the Great - Alexander's character
• Alexander the Great - Stories and legends
• Alexander the Great - Ancient sources
• Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend
• Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend in non-Western sources
• Alexander the Great - Main towns founded by Alexander
• Alexander the Great - Alexander in popular media
• Alexander the Great - Note

Read more here: » Alexander the Great: Encyclopedia - Alexander the Great

The Mauryan Empire was India's first great unified empire. It lasted from 321 to 185 BCE, and was ruled by the Mauryan dynasty. At its height it ruled virtually all of northern and central India, Pakistan , much of Afghanistan and a small part of Iran (Baluchistan). Archaeologically, it coincides with the Northern Black Polished Ware (NBPW) period. Mauryan Empire - Formative period. When Alexander the Great conquered the north-western part of the Indian subcontinent in 326 BCE, he allied with king Ambhi of ...

Including:

• Mauryan Empire - Formative period
• Mauryan Empire - The rise of a unified state
• Mauryan Empire - The Mauryan empire
• Mauryan Empire - Chandragupta
• Mauryan Empire - Bindusara
• Mauryan Empire - Ashoka
• Mauryan Empire - Mauryan Administration
• Mauryan Empire - Decline

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Centuries: 5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC Decades: 370s BC 360s BC 350s BC 340s BC 330s BC - 320s BC - 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC 331 BC 330 BC 329 BC 328 BC 327 BC - 326 BC - 325 BC 324 BC 323 BC 322 BC 321 BC Events Alexander the Great crosses the Hindu Kush and invades India. May - Battle of the Hydaspes, Alexander defeats the Indian King Porus July - Alexander's troops mutiny at the Hyphasis, refusing to go any further. Alexander turns south, sailing down the Hydaspes to the Indus

Read more here: » 326 BC: Encyclopedia - 326 BC

Greco-Buddhism, sometimes spelled Græco-Buddhism, is the cultural syncretism between the culture of Classical Greece and Buddhism, which developed over a period of close to 800 years in Central Asia in the area corresponding to modern-day Afghanistan and Pakistan, between the 4th century BCE and the 5th century CE. Greco-Buddhism influenced the artistic (and, possibly, conceptual) development of Buddhism, and in particular Mahayana Buddhism, before it was adopted by Central and Northeastern Asia from the 1st century CE, ultima ...

Including:

• Greco-Buddhism - Historical outline
• Greco-Buddhism - Religious interactions
• Greco-Buddhism - Alexander the Great in Bactria and India 331-325
• Greco-Buddhism - The Mauryan empire 322–183 BCE
• Greco-Buddhism - The Greek presence in Bactria 325 to 125 BCE
• Greco-Buddhism - The Indo-Greek kingdom and Buddhism 180 BCE –10 CE
• Greco-Buddhism - The Kushan empire 1st–3rd century CE
• Greco-Buddhism - Artistic influences
• Greco-Buddhism - The anthropomorphic representation of the Buddha
• Greco-Buddhism - A Hellenized Buddhist pantheon
• Greco-Buddhism - Greco-Buddhism and the rise of the Mahayana
• Greco-Buddhism - Conceptual influences
• Greco-Buddhism - Gandharan proselytism
• Greco-Buddhism - Intellectual influences in Asia
• Greco-Buddhism - Greco-Buddhism and the West
• Greco-Buddhism - Exchanges
• Greco-Buddhism - Religious influences
• Greco-Buddhism - Notes

Read more here: » Greco-Buddhism: Encyclopedia - Greco-Buddhism

Related articles: History of Afghanistan, History of Iran, History of Tajikistan, History of South Asia, History of Central Asia, History of India. As one of the cradles of human civilisation, the Pakistani region has long been at the crossroads of history. It was the birthplace of some of the most ancient civilisations and a strategic centre of historic trade routes, including the Silk Road. Pakistan was the site of much of the Indus Valley Civilisation and was subsequently occupied by many groups, including Dravidians, ...

See also:

Pakistan, Pakistan - History, Pakistan - Ancient History, Pakistan - Arrival of Islam, Pakistan - British rule, Pakistan - Post-independence, Pakistan - Politics, Pakistan - Political history, Pakistan - Foreign relations, Pakistan - Provinces and Territories, Pakistan - Geography, Pakistan - Tourism, Pakistan - Economy, Pakistan - Overview, Pakistan - Demographics, Pakistan - Population Statistics, Pakistan - Religion, Pakistan - Languages, Pakistan - Ethnic groups, Pakistan - Society and culture, Pakistan - Roots, Pakistan - Media, Pakistan - Globalization, Pakistan - Mercantile culture

Read more here: » Pakistan: Encyclopedia II - Pakistan - History

The King of Hydaspes drew up on the left bank of the Hydaspes River, and was set to repel any crossings. The Hydaspes is deep and fast enough that any opposed crossing would probably doom the entire attacking force. So Alexander waited for several days, with lots of marches and counter-marches and information warfare (letting the local peasants "know" that he considered the water too high for crossing, which was learned of by Porus). One night, sensing a sense of complacency in Porus' camp, Alexander crossed the Hydaspes with a small force 1 ...

See also:

Battle of the Hydaspes River, Battle of the Hydaspes River - Combatants, Battle of the Hydaspes River - Location, Battle of the Hydaspes River - Prelude, Battle of the Hydaspes River - Battle, Battle of the Hydaspes River - Aftermath

Read more here: » Battle of the Hydaspes River: Encyclopedia II - Battle of the Hydaspes River - Battle

In 326 BCE Alexander the Great made his foray into Punjab. King Omphis, ruler of Taxila, surrendered the city to Alexander. Many people had fled to a high fortress/rock called Aornos. Aornos was taken by Alexander by storm (see siege of Aornos). Alexander fought an epic battle against the Indian monarch Porus in the Battle of Hydaspes (326). After victory, Alexander made an alliance with Porus and appointed him as satrap of his ...

See also:

Greek Conquests in India, Greek Conquests in India - Conquests of Alexander The Great 326 BCE, Greek Conquests in India - Seleucid invasion 304 BCE, Greek Conquests in India - Indo-Greek rule 180-30 BCE, Greek Conquests in India - Legacy

Read more here: » Greek Conquests in India: Encyclopedia II - Greek Conquests in India - Conquests of Alexander The Great 326 BCE

Throughout Greek thought, there appear to be two sides to the conception of Eros; in the first, he is a primeval deity who embodies not only the force of erotic love but also the creative urge of ever-flowing nature, the first-born Light that is responsible for the coming into being and ordering of all things in the cosmos. In Hesiod's Theogony, the most famous Greek creation myth, Eros sprang forth from the primordial Chaos together with Gaia, the Earth, and Tartarus, the underworld; according to Aristophanes' play The Birds, he burg ...

See also:

Eros mythology, Eros mythology - Conceptions of Eros, Eros mythology - Myths associated with Eros

Read more here: » Eros mythology: Encyclopedia II - Eros mythology - Conceptions of Eros

The King of Hydaspes drew up on the left bank of the Hydaspes River, and was set to repel any crossings. The Hydaspes is deep and fast enough that any opposed crossing would probably doom the entire attacking force. So Alexander waited for several days, with lots of marches and counter-marches and information warfare (letting the local peasants "know" that he considered the water too high for crossing, which was learned of by Porus). One night, after the Indians had gotten complacent, Alexander crossed the Hydaspes with a small force 17 mile ...

See also:

Battle of the Hydaspes River, Battle of the Hydaspes River - Combatants, Battle of the Hydaspes River - Location, Battle of the Hydaspes River - Prelude, Battle of the Hydaspes River - Battle, Battle of the Hydaspes River - Aftermath

Read more here: » Battle of the Hydaspes River: Encyclopedia II - Battle of the Hydaspes River - Battle

Related articles: History of Afghanistan, History of Iran, History of Tajikistan, History of South Asia, History of Central Asia, History of India. As one of the cradles of human civilisation, the Pakistani region has long been at the crossroads of history. It was the birthplace of some of the most ancient civilisations and a strategic centre of historic trade routes, including the Silk Road. Pakistan was the site of much of the Indus Valley Civilisation and was subsequently occupied by many groups, including Dravidians, ...

See also:

Pakistan, Pakistan - History, Pakistan - Ancient History, Pakistan - Arrival of Islam, Pakistan - British rule, Pakistan - Post-independence, Pakistan - Politics, Pakistan - Political history, Pakistan - Foreign relations, Pakistan - Provinces and Territories, Pakistan - Geography, Pakistan - Tourism, Pakistan - Economy, Pakistan - Demographics, Pakistan - Population Statistics, Pakistan - Religion, Pakistan - Languages, Pakistan - Ethnic groups, Pakistan - Society and culture, Pakistan - Roots, Pakistan - Media, Pakistan - Globalization, Pakistan - Mercantile culture

Read more here: » Pakistan: Encyclopedia II - Pakistan - History

Diadochi - First War of the Diadochi 322-320 BC. Soon, however, conflict broke out. Perdiccas's marriage to Alexander's sister Cleopatra led Antipater, Craterus, Antigonus, and Ptolemy to join together in rebellion. The actual outbreak of war was triggered by Ptolemy's theft of Alexander's body, and diversion of it to Egypt. Although Eumenes defeated the rebels in Asia Minor, in a battle at which Craterus was killed, it was all for nought, as Perdiccas himself was murdered by his own generals Peithon, S ...

See also:

Diadochi, Diadochi - Death of Alexander 323 BC, Diadochi - Revolt in Greece 323-322 BC, Diadochi - Wars of the Diadochi 322-301 BC, Diadochi - First War of the Diadochi 322-320 BC, Diadochi - Second War of the Diadochi 319-315 BC, Diadochi - Third War of the Diadochi 314-311 BC, Diadochi - Fourth War of the Diadochi 308-301 BC, Diadochi - The Struggle over Macedon 298-285 BC, Diadochi - The Struggle of Lysimachus and Seleucus 285-281 BC, Diadochi - The Gallic Invasions and Consolidation 280 - 275, Diadochi - Other historical uses as a title, Diadochi - Aulic rank title, Diadochi - Modern revival

Read more here: » Diadochi: Encyclopedia II - Diadochi - Wars of the Diadochi 322-301 BC

The Punjab presented a picture of chaos and confusion when Ranjit Singh took the control of Sukerchakias misal. The edifice of Ahmad Shah's empire in India had crumbled. Afghanistan was dismembered. Peshawar and Kashmir though under the suzerainty of Afghanistan had attained de facto independence. The Barakzais were now masters of these lands. Attock was ruled by Wazrikhels and Jhang lay at the feet of Sials. The Pathans ruled Kasur. Multa ...

See also:

History of the Punjab, History of the Punjab - Introduction, History of the Punjab - Indo-Aryans, History of the Punjab - Vedic Punjab, History of the Punjab - Epic Punjab, History of the Punjab - Paninian Punjab, History of the Punjab - Persian Domination, History of the Punjab - Alexander's Invasion and the Indo-Greek kingdoms, History of the Punjab - Sakas Kushanas and Hephthalites, History of the Punjab - Muslim invasions and the Shahi Kingdom, History of the Punjab - The Delhi Sultanate and Mughal empire, History of the Punjab - The Rise of Sikh Power, History of the Punjab - The British in Punjab, History of the Punjab - The Punjab of India and Pakistan, History of the Punjab - Punjab History Timeline

Read more here: » History of the Punjab: Encyclopedia II - History of the Punjab - The Rise of Sikh Power

Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire. Alexander's army had crossed the Hellespont with about 42,000 soldiers---primarily Macedonians1 and Greeks, but also including some Thracians, Paionians and Illyrians. After an initial victory against Persian forces at the Battle of Granicus, Alexander accepted the surrender of the Persian provincial capital and treasury of Sardis and proceeded down the Ionian coast. At Halicarnassus, Alexander successfully waged the fi ...

See also:

Alexander the Great, Alexander the Great - Early life, Alexander the Great - The ascent of Macedonia, Alexander the Great - Period of conquests, Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire, Alexander the Great - The invasion of India, Alexander the Great - After India, Alexander the Great - Alexander's marriages and sexuality, Alexander the Great - The army of Alexander the Great before the Battle of Gaugamela, Alexander the Great - Infantry, Alexander the Great - Cavalry, Alexander the Great - Death, Alexander the Great - Legacy and division of the empire, Alexander the Great - Timeline, Alexander the Great - Alexander's character, Alexander the Great - Stories and legends, Alexander the Great - Ancient sources, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend in non-Western sources, Alexander the Great - Main towns founded by Alexander, Alexander the Great - Alexander in popular media, Alexander the Great - Note

Read more here: » Alexander the Great: Encyclopedia II - Alexander the Great - Period of conquests