Pope Gregory I

Jerome - Translations. Jerome was a noted scholar of Latin at a time when that statement implied a fluency in Greek. He knew some Hebrew when he started his translation project, but moved to Bethlehem to perfect his grasp of the language and to strengthen his grip on Jewish scripture commentary. A wealthy Roman aristocrat, Paula, founded a monastery for him in Bethlehem - rather like a research institute, today - and he completed his translation there. He began in 382 by correcting the existing Latin language ver ...

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Jerome, Jerome - Life, Jerome - Writings, Jerome - Translations, Jerome - Historical writings, Jerome - Letters, Jerome - Theological writings, Jerome - Theological position

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History of Rome - Origins. Further information: Founding of Rome, and [[]], and [[]], and [[]], and See also:

History of Rome, History of Rome - Ancient Rome, History of Rome - Origins, History of Rome - Early peoples of Italy, History of Rome - Etruscan dominance, History of Rome - Roman Republic, History of Rome - Roman Empire, History of Rome - Medieval Rome, History of Rome - Barbarian and Byzantine rule, History of Rome - Holy Roman Empire, History of Rome - Roman Commune, History of Rome - Boniface VIII and the Babylonian captivity, History of Rome - Cola di Rienzo and the Pope's return to Rome, History of Rome - Modern Rome, History of Rome - Renaissance Rome, History of Rome - Sack of Rome and Counter-Reformation, History of Rome - Italian unification, History of Rome - Current state

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In Roman Catholic theology, Purgatory is a process of purification of the soul after death, following the particular judgment and ordinarily a requirement before entry into Heaven. Although, the word Purgatory was unknown before the 11th century - one of the first documents to mention purgatorium by that name was a letter from the Benedictine Nicholas of Saint Albans to the Cistercian Peter of Celle in 1176 (Haggh, 1997), the concept itself is expressed by early Christians in writings the likes of Tertullin and St. Cypri ...

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Purgatory, Purgatory - History, Purgatory - Catholic theology, Purgatory - Christian spirituality, Purgatory - Protestant theology, Purgatory - Eastern Orthodox theology, Purgatory - Jewish theology, Purgatory - Zoroastrian view, Purgatory - Islamic view, Purgatory - Purgatory in literature, Purgatory - Footnotes, Purgatory - Sources, Purgatory - Links

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Classical music is a broad, somewhat imprecise term, referring to music produced in, or rooted in the traditions of art, ecclesiastical and concert music. A music is classical if it includes some of the following features: a learned tradition, support from the church or government, or greater cultural capital. Classical music is also described as complex, lasting, transcendent, and abstract. In many cultures a classical tradition coexisted with traditional or popular music, occasionally for thousands of years, and with differen ...

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History of music, History of music - Prehistoric music, History of music - Music in cradles of civilizations, History of music - Classical traditions, History of music - Asia, History of music - Europe, History of music - Timeline of Classical Composers' Music, History of music - Folk music, History of music - Popular music, History of music - Popular and classical musics, History of music - Blues, History of music - Country music, History of music - Jazz, History of music - Rock and roll, History of music - Punk Rock, History of music - Heavy metal, History of music - Disco funk hip hop salsa and soul, History of music - Electronic music, History of music - World music, History of music - New Age music

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In the Roman Republic, the Pontifex Maximus was the highest office in the polytheistic Roman religion, which was very much a state cult. His was the most important of the Pontifices (plural of Pontifex), positions in the main sacred college (Collegium Pontificum), which he directed. Other members of this priesthood included the Rex Sacrorum (king of the sacred rites), the Flamines (each devoted to a major deity), the Vestales. During the early Republic, the Pontifex Maximus selected the members to hold these posts ...

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Pontifex Maximus, Pontifex Maximus - Etymology, Pontifex Maximus - Origins duties and development of the Pagan Pontifices, Pontifex Maximus - Legacy, Pontifex Maximus - Christian usage, Pontifex Maximus - The tradition of sovereign as High Priest, Pontifex Maximus - Popular culture, Pontifex Maximus - Incomplete list of Pontifices maximi, Pontifex Maximus - Furthermore

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Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, later Pope Benedict XVI led the Mass of Requiem on April 8 at 10:00am CEST (08:00 UTC), by virtue of his office as Dean of the College of Cardinals. He was also one of Pope John Paul II's closest friends and carried out most of the Pope's duties during his final illness. Concelebrating in the Mass of Requiem were the College of Cardinals (the number of members were present has been variously given as 157 ...

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Funeral of Pope John Paul II, Funeral of Pope John Paul II - Rite of Papal Death, Funeral of Pope John Paul II - Vestments, Funeral of Pope John Paul II - Mass of Repose, Funeral of Pope John Paul II - Rite of Visitation, Funeral of Pope John Paul II - Requiem Mass, Funeral of Pope John Paul II - Processional, Funeral of Pope John Paul II - Proclamation, Funeral of Pope John Paul II - Homily, Funeral of Pope John Paul II - Eucharist, Funeral of Pope John Paul II - Commendation, Funeral of Pope John Paul II - Rite of Interment, Funeral of Pope John Paul II - Dignitaries, Funeral of Pope John Paul II - Novemdiales, Funeral of Pope John Paul II - Security

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The Eastern Orthodox Church maintains that the saint retired to Ephesus with the Blessed Virgin and there died, that her relics were transferred to Constantinople in 886 and are there preserved. Gregory of Tours (De miraculis, I, xxx) supports the tradition that she retired to Ephesus with no mention of any connection to Gaul. How a cult of Mary Magdalene first arose in Provence is not clear. As a Roman Catholic saint, Mary Magdalene's relics were first venerated at the abbey of Vézelay in Burgundy. Jacobus de Voragine gives t ...

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Mary Magdalene, Mary Magdalene - Mary Magdalene in the New Testament, Mary Magdalene - Identification with other women of the New Testament, Mary Magdalene - Veneration of Mary Magdalene, Mary Magdalene - Easter Egg tradition, Mary Magdalene - The Gospel of Mary, Mary Magdalene - Assertions about Mary Magdalene, Mary Magdalene - Metaphysical marriage

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Pope - Death. The current regulations regarding a papal interregnum — i.e., a sede vacante ("vacant seat") — were promulgated by John Paul II in his 1996 document Universi Dominici Gregis. During the "Reading Festival", the Sacred College of Cardinals, composed of the pope's principal advisors and assistants, is collectively responsible for the government of the Church and of the Vatican itself, under the direction of the Cardinal Chamberlain; however, canon law specifically forbids the Cardinal ...

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Pope, Pope - Office and nature, Pope - Regalia and insignia, Pope - Status and authority, Pope - Political role, Pope - Death, abdication, and election, Pope - Death, Pope - Abdication, Pope - Election, Pope - Objections to the Papacy, Pope - Other Popes

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In the Roman Republic, the Pontifex Maximus was the highest office in the polytheistic Roman religion, which was very much a state cult. His was the most important of the Pontifices (plural of Pontifex), positions in the main sacred college (Collegium Pontificum), which he directed. Other members of this priesthood included the Rex Sacrorum (king of the sacred rites), the Flamines (each devoted to a major deity), the Vestales. During the early Republic, the Pontifex Maximus selected the members to hold these posts ...

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Pontifex Maximus, Pontifex Maximus - Etymology, Pontifex Maximus - Origins, duties, and development of the Pagan Pontifices, Pontifex Maximus - Legacy, Pontifex Maximus - Christian usage, Pontifex Maximus - The tradition of sovereign as High Priest, Pontifex Maximus - Popular culture, Pontifex Maximus - Incomplete list of Pontifices maximi, Pontifex Maximus - Furthermore

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Although many Protestant churches have rejected the place of bishops in church leadership, churches rooted in tradition continue to ordain bishops to lead the church. Bishops form the leadership in the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Oriental Orthodox Churches, the Anglican Communion, and the Independent Catholic Churches. The traditional role of a bishop is as pastor of a diocese (also called a bishopric, eparchy or see). Dioceses vary considerably in their size of area and population. Some dioceses around the ...

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Bishop, Bishop - Meaning of bishop, Bishop - Bishops in the New Testament, Bishop - Bishops in the Apostolic Fathers, Bishop - Bishops and civil government, Bishop - Sovereign bishops, Bishop - Bishops holding political office, Bishop - Episcopacy during the English Civil War, Bishop - Bishops in Catholic, Orthodox and Anglican churches, Bishop - Bishops in other churches, Bishop - Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, Bishop - United Methodist Bishops, Bishop - Christian Methodist Episcopal Church, Bishop - The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Bishop - New Apostolic Church, Bishop - Others, Bishop - References & Resources, Bishop - Print, Bishop - Online

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Despite separation from Rome, the Church of England under Henry VIII remained essentially Catholic rather than Protestant in nature. Pope Leo X had earlier awarded to Henry himself the title of fidei defensor (defender of the faith), partly on account of Henry's attack on Lutheranism. Some Protestant-influenced changes under Henry included a limited iconoclasm, the abolition of pilgrimages, and pilgrimage shrines, and the extinction of many saints' days. However only minor changes in liturgy occurred during Henry's reign, and he carried through th ...

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History of the Church of England, History of the Church of England - The Augustinian Mission, History of the Church of England - Medieval consolidation, History of the Church of England - Separation from Papal Authority, History of the Church of England - Protestant Influences, History of the Church of England - Brief reunion with Rome, History of the Church of England - The second schism, History of the Church of England - Puritanism and the Restoration, History of the Church of England - 18th century, History of the Church of England - 19th century, History of the Church of England - Recent history

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The English Church remained in union with Rome until the reign of Henry VIII. The first break with Rome (subsequently reversed) came when Pope Clement VII refused, over a period of years, to annul Henry's marriage to Catherine of Aragon, not purely as a matter of principle, but also because the Pope lived in fear of Catherine's nephew, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, as a result of events in the Italian Wars. Henry first asked for an annulment in 1527. After various failed initiatives he stepped up the pressure on Rome, in the summer o ...

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History of the Church of England, History of the Church of England - The Augustinian Mission, History of the Church of England - Medieval consolidation, History of the Church of England - Separation from Papal Authority, History of the Church of England - Protestant Influences, History of the Church of England - Brief reunion with Rome, History of the Church of England - The second schism, History of the Church of England - Puritanism and the Restoration, History of the Church of England - 18th century, History of the Church of England - 19th century, History of the Church of England - Recent history

Read more here: » History of the Church of England: Encyclopedia II - History of the Church of England - Separation from Papal Authority

Medieval music - Style and trends. The general trend in Medieval music is toward complexity in harmony, rhythm, text, and orchestration. At the start of the era, music is monophonic and homorhythmic with a unison sung text and no notated instrumental support. The notation system is weak, and rhythm cannot be specified. The simplicity of chant, with unison voice and natural declamation, is most common. Polyphony and notation develop. Harmony, in consonant intervals of fourths, fifths, and octaves, begins to be see ...

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Medieval music, Medieval music - Overview, Medieval music - Style and trends, Medieval music - Instruments, Medieval music - Genres, Medieval music - Theory and notation, Medieval music - Early Medieval music -1150, Medieval music - Early chant traditions, Medieval music - Gregorian chant, Medieval music - Early polyphony: organum, Medieval music - Liturgical drama, Medieval music - Goliards, Medieval music - High Medieval music 1150-1300, Medieval music - Ars antiqua, Medieval music - Troubadors and trouvères, Medieval music - Late Medieval music 1300-1400, Medieval music - France: Ars nova, Medieval music - Italy: Trecento, Medieval music - Germany: Geisslerlieder, Medieval music - Mannerism and Ars subtilior, Medieval music - Transitioning to the Renaissance, Medieval music - Sources and further reading

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For centuries, it has been the custom of many Christians to share dyed and painted eggs, particularly on Easter Sunday. The eggs represent new life, and Christ bursting forth from the tomb. Among Eastern Orthodox this sharing is accompanied by the proclamation "Christ is risen!". One tradition concerning Mary Magdalene says that following Jesus Christ's death and resurrection, she used her position to gain an invitation to a banquet given by Emperor Tiberius Caesar. When she met him, she held a plain egg in her hand and exclaimed "Chr ...

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Mary Magdalene, Mary Magdalene - Mary Magdalene in the New Testament, Mary Magdalene - Identification with other women of the New Testament, Mary Magdalene - Veneration of Mary Magdalene, Mary Magdalene - Easter Egg tradition, Mary Magdalene - The Gospel of Mary, Mary Magdalene - Assertions about Mary Magdalene, Mary Magdalene - Metaphysical marriage

Read more here: » Mary Magdalene: Encyclopedia II - Mary Magdalene - Easter Egg tradition

Medieval music - Early chant traditions. Chant (or plainsong) is a monophonic sacred form which represents the earliest known music of the Christian church. The Jewish Synagogue tradition of singing psalms was a strong influence on Christian chanting. The eastern traditions of the Byzantine Church were also an influence. Chant developed separately in several European centers. The most important were Rome, Spain, Gaul, Milan, and Ireland. These chants were all developed to support the regional liturgies use ...

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Medieval music, Medieval music - Overview, Medieval music - Style and trends, Medieval music - Instruments, Medieval music - Genres, Medieval music - Theory and notation, Medieval music - Early Medieval music -1150, Medieval music - Early chant traditions, Medieval music - Gregorian chant, Medieval music - Early polyphony: organum, Medieval music - Liturgical drama, Medieval music - Goliards, Medieval music - High Medieval music 1150-1300, Medieval music - Ars antiqua, Medieval music - Troubadors and trouvères, Medieval music - Late Medieval music 1300-1400, Medieval music - France: Ars nova, Medieval music - Italy: Trecento, Medieval music - Germany: Geisslerlieder, Medieval music - Mannerism and Ars subtilior, Medieval music - Transitioning to the Renaissance, Medieval music - Sources and further reading

Read more here: » Medieval music: Encyclopedia II - Medieval music - Early Medieval music -1150

Medieval music - Style and trends. The general trend in Medieval music is toward complexity in harmony, rhythm, text, and orchestration. At the start of the era, music is monophonic and homorhythmic with a unison sung text and no instrumental support. The notation system is weak, and rhythm cannot be specified. The simplicity of chant, with unison voice and natural declamation, is most common. Polyphony and notation develop. Harmony, in consonant intervals of fourths, fifths, and octaves, begins to ...

See also:

Medieval music, Medieval music - Overview, Medieval music - Style and trends, Medieval music - Instruments, Medieval music - Genres, Medieval music - Theory and notation, Medieval music - Early Medieval music -1150, Medieval music - Early chant traditions, Medieval music - Gregorian chant, Medieval music - Early polyphony: organum, Medieval music - Liturgical drama, Medieval music - Goliards, Medieval music - High Medieval music 1150-1300, Medieval music - Ars antiqua, Medieval music - Troubadors and trouvères, Medieval music - Late Medieval music 1300-1400, Medieval music - France: Ars nova, Medieval music - Italy: Trecento, Medieval music - Germany: Geisslerlieder, Medieval music - Mannerism and Ars subtilior, Medieval music - Transitioning to the Renaissance, Medieval music - Sources and further reading

Read more here: » Medieval music: Encyclopedia II - Medieval music - Overview

The Synod of Whitby in 664 forms a significant watershed in that King Oswiu of Northumbria decided to follow Roman rather than Celtic practices. As in other parts of medieval Europe, tension existed between the local monarch and the Pope about civil judicial authority over clerics, taxes and the wealth of the Church, and appointments of bishops, notably during the reigns of Henry II and John. ...

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History of the Church of England, History of the Church of England - The Augustinian Mission, History of the Church of England - Medieval consolidation, History of the Church of England - Separation from Papal Authority, History of the Church of England - Protestant Influences, History of the Church of England - Brief reunion with Rome, History of the Church of England - The second schism, History of the Church of England - Puritanism and the Restoration, History of the Church of England - 18th century, History of the Church of England - 19th century, History of the Church of England - Recent history

Read more here: » History of the Church of England: Encyclopedia II - History of the Church of England - Medieval consolidation

Medieval music - Early chant traditions. Chant (or plainsong) is a monophonic sacred form which represents the earliest known music of the Christian church. The Jewish Synagogue tradition of singing psalms was a strong influence on Christian chanting. Chant developed separately in several European centers. The most important were Rome, Spain, Gaul, Milan, and Ireland. These chants were all developed to support the regional liturgies used when celebrating the Mass there. Each area developed its own chants a ...

See also:

Medieval music, Medieval music - Overview, Medieval music - Style and trends, Medieval music - Instruments, Medieval music - Genres, Medieval music - Theory and notation, Medieval music - Early Medieval music -1150, Medieval music - Early chant traditions, Medieval music - Gregorian chant, Medieval music - Early polyphony: organum, Medieval music - Liturgical drama, Medieval music - Goliards, Medieval music - High Medieval music 1150-1300, Medieval music - Ars antiqua, Medieval music - Troubadors and trouvères, Medieval music - Late Medieval music 1300-1400, Medieval music - France: Ars nova, Medieval music - Italy: Trecento, Medieval music - Germany: Geisslerlieder, Medieval music - Mannerism and Ars subtilior, Medieval music - Transitioning to the Renaissance, Medieval music - Sources and further reading

Read more here: » Medieval music: Encyclopedia II - Medieval music - Early Medieval music -1150

The development of music among humans occurred against the backdrop of natural sounds. It was, in all probability, influenced by birdsong and the sounds other animals use to communicate. Some evolutionary biologists have theorized that the ability to recognize sounds not created by humans as "musical" provides a selective advantage. (See animal music.) Prehistoric music, once more commonly called primitive music, is the name given ...

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History of music, History of music - Prehistoric music, History of music - Music in cradles of civilizations, History of music - Classical traditions, History of music - Asia, History of music - Europe, History of music - Timeline of Classical Composers' Music, History of music - Folk music, History of music - Popular music, History of music - Popular and classical musics, History of music - Blues, History of music - Country music, History of music - Jazz, History of music - Rock and roll, History of music - Punk Rock, History of music - Heavy metal, History of music - Disco funk hip hop salsa and soul, History of music - Electronic music, History of music - World music, History of music - New Age music

Read more here: » History of music: Encyclopedia II - History of music - Prehistoric music

2003 October 16. The Malaysian Prime Minister Dr. Mahathir Mohammed draws standing ovation at the 57-member Organization of the Islamic Conference for his speech. An excerpt: "...But today the Jews rule this world by proxy. They get others to fight and die for them... They invented socialism, communism, human rights and democracy so that persecuting them would appear to be wrong..." 2003 The Istanbul Bombings. 2004 June. A seri ...

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History of anti-Semitism, History of anti-Semitism - Ancient animosity towards Jews, History of anti-Semitism - The 4th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 5th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 6th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 7th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 8th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 9th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 10th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 11th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 12th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 13th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 14th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 15th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 16th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 17th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 18th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 19th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 20th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 21st century, History of anti-Semitism - Books

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The prehistoric era is considered to have ended with the development of writing, and with it, by definition, prehistoric music. "Ancient music" is the name given to the music that followed. Ancient music was long thought to be all monophonic, but recent archaeological evidence indicates that this view is no longer true. The "oldest known song" in cuneiform, 4,000 years old from Ur, deciphered by Prof. Anne Draffkorn Kilmer (University of Calif. at Berkeley), was demonstrated to be composed in harmonies of thirds, like ancient English ...

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History of music, History of music - Prehistoric music, History of music - Music in cradles of civilizations, History of music - Classical traditions, History of music - Asia, History of music - Europe, History of music - Timeline of Classical Composers' Music, History of music - Folk music, History of music - Popular music, History of music - Popular and classical musics, History of music - Blues, History of music - Country music, History of music - Jazz, History of music - Rock and roll, History of music - Punk Rock, History of music - Heavy metal, History of music - Disco funk hip hop salsa and soul, History of music - Electronic music, History of music - World music, History of music - New Age music

Read more here: » History of music: Encyclopedia II - History of music - Music in cradles of civilizations

The pope's position as Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church is dogmatic and therefore not open to debate or dispute within the Roman Catholic Church; the First Vatican Council anathematised all who dispute the pope's primacy of honour and of jurisdiction (it is lawful to discuss the precise nature of that primacy, provided that such discussion does not violate the terms of the Council's Dogmatic Constitution). However, the pope's authority is not undisputed outside the Roman Catholic Church; these objections differ from denomination to de ...

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Pope, Pope - Office and nature, Pope - Regalia and insignia, Pope - Status and authority, Pope - Political role, Pope - Death abdication and election, Pope - Death, Pope - Abdication, Pope - Election, Pope - Objections to the Papacy, Pope - Other Popes

Read more here: » Pope: Encyclopedia II - Pope - Objections to the Papacy