Sedevacantism is a theological opinion currently held by a some Traditionalist Catholics which holds that the Holy See is currently vacant. Sedevacantists regard Popes Paul VI, John Paul I, John Paul II and Benedict XVI as illegitimate popes due to these popes' alleged public heresy. Some Sedevacantists also regard Pope John XXIII as an illegitimate pope. Strictly speaking, the term sedevacantist should be applied only to those who believe that there is at present no reigning pope, but it is frequently used more broadly ...

Including:

• Sedevacantism - The sedevacantist position
• Sedevacantism - The sedevacantist bishops
• Sedevacantism - Conclavism
• Sedevacantism - The debate between sedevacantists and mainstream Catholics
• Sedevacantism - Main sedevacanist groups
• Sedevacantism - Main conclavist groups

Read more here: » Sedevacantism: Encyclopedia - Sedevacantism

See also:

Sedevacantism, Sedevacantism - The sedevacantist position, Sedevacantism - The sedevacantist bishops, Sedevacantism - Conclavism, Sedevacantism - The debate between sedevacantists and mainstream Catholics, Sedevacantism - Main sedevacanist groups, Sedevacantism - Main conclavist groups

Read more here: » Sedevacantism: Encyclopedia II - Sedevacantism - The sedevacantist position

The ordinations performed by sedevacantist bishops are regarded as valid by mainstream Catholics, provided that the bishop in question has himself been validly ordained. According to Catholic doctrine, any bishop can validly ordain any other man. Ordinations within the sedevacantist movement are, however, performed contrary to the wishes and procedures of the "official" Church, and are hence regarded as being illicit or illegal. Indeed, a bishop who ordains (or, strictly speaking, consecrates) another man as a bishop wit ...

See also:

Sedevacantism, Sedevacantism - The sedevacantist position, Sedevacantism - The sedevacantist bishops, Sedevacantism - Conclavism, Sedevacantism - The debate between sedevacantists and mainstream Catholics, Sedevacantism - Main sedevacanist groups, Sedevacantism - Main conclavist groups

Read more here: » Sedevacantism: Encyclopedia II - Sedevacantism - The sedevacantist bishops

David Allen Bawden (born September 22, 1959), is an American citizen who was elected "Pope Michael I" by a group of six Conclavist or post-Sedevacantist Catholics to fill the vacancy they consider to have been caused by the death of Pope Pius XII in 1958. He is one of a group of self-proclaimed papal pretenders (or antipopes), including Fr. Lucian Pulvermacher (proclaimed Pius XIII) in Montana and the late Clemente Domínguez y Gómez (proclaimed Gregory XVII) in Spain. David Bawden - Bawden's claim ...

Including:

• David Bawden - Bawden's claim to the papacy
• David Bawden - Claims against popes
• David Bawden - Justification for electing a pope
• David Bawden - Process for his election
• David Bawden - No clerical involvement
• David Bawden - Supporters of 'Pope Michael'
• David Bawden - Sedevacantist criticism of 'Pope Michael'

Read more here: » David Bawden: Encyclopedia - David Bawden

Clement XII, born as Lorenzo Corsini (Florence, April 7, 1652 – Rome, February 6, 1740), (pope 1730-1740), had been an aristocratic lawyer and financial manager under preceding pontiffs. He is known for building the new façade of the Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano and beginning the Trevi Fountain and the purchase of Cardinal Albani's collection of antiquities for the papal gallery. Under Benedict XIII, the finances of the Papal States had been delivered into the hands of Cardinal Coscia and other members of the ...

Read more here: » Pope Clement XII: Encyclopedia - Pope Clement XII

As noted above, some groups have put forward their own popes in opposition to those in Rome, making them "conclavists" rather than "sedevacantists" in the strict sense of the word. In 1990 Teresa Stanfill-Benns and David Bawden called for a conclave to elect a pope. They sent their request around the world but only received six respondents. On July 16, 1990, the six gathered in Belvue, Kansas in the United States and elected Bawden who took the name Pope Michael I. Another conclavist group in Italy electe ...

See also:

Sedevacantism, Sedevacantism - The sedevacantist position, Sedevacantism - The sedevacantist bishops, Sedevacantism - Conclavism, Sedevacantism - The debate between sedevacantists and mainstream Catholics, Sedevacantism - Main sedevacanist groups, Sedevacantism - Main conclavist groups

Read more here: » Sedevacantism: Encyclopedia II - Sedevacantism - Conclavism

Mainstream Catholics deny that sedevacantists possess the "notes" of unity, sanctity, catholicity and apostolicity. Sedevacantist claims of unity are rejected as mere partisan rhetoric on the grounds that there are many groups of sedevacantists, with few or no formal ties to each other (and there is a perception that members of these groups are apt to fall into schism from each other almost at the drop of a hat). Claims of unity advanced by conclavists are regarded as particularly specious, since each conclavist group has its ow ...

See also:

Sedevacantism, Sedevacantism - The sedevacantist position, Sedevacantism - The sedevacantist bishops, Sedevacantism - Conclavism, Sedevacantism - The debate between sedevacantists and mainstream Catholics, Sedevacantism - Main sedevacanist groups, Sedevacantism - Main conclavist groups

Read more here: » Sedevacantism: Encyclopedia II - Sedevacantism - The debate between sedevacantists and mainstream Catholics

The ordinations performed by sedevacantist bishops are regarded as valid by mainstream Catholics, provided that the bishop in question has himself been validly ordained. According to Catholic doctrine, any bishop can validly ordain any other man. Ordinations within the sedevacantist movement are, however, performed contrary to the wishes and procedures of the "official" Church, and are hence regarded as being illicit or illegal. Indeed, a bishop who ordains (or, strictly speaking, consecrates) another man as a bishop wit ...

See also:

Sedevacantism, Sedevacantism - The sedevacantist position, Sedevacantism - The sedevacantist bishops, Sedevacantism - Conclavism, Sedevacantism - The debate between sedevacantists and mainstream Catholics, Sedevacantism - Main sedevacantist groups, Sedevacantism - Main conclavist groups

Read more here: » Sedevacantism: Encyclopedia II - Sedevacantism - The sedevacantist bishops

As noted above, some groups have put forward their own popes in opposition to those in Rome, making them "conclavists" rather than "sedevacantists" in the strict sense of the word. In 1990 Teresa Stanfill-Benns and David Bawden called for a conclave to elect a pope. They sent their request around the world but only received six respondents. On July 16, 1990, the six gathered in Belvue, Kansas in the United States and elected Bawden who took the name Pope Michael I. Another conclavist group in Italy electe ...

See also:

Sedevacantism, Sedevacantism - The sedevacantist position, Sedevacantism - The sedevacantist bishops, Sedevacantism - Conclavism, Sedevacantism - The debate between sedevacantists and mainstream Catholics, Sedevacantism - Main sedevacantist groups, Sedevacantism - Main conclavist groups

Read more here: » Sedevacantism: Encyclopedia II - Sedevacantism - Conclavism

Mainstream Catholics deny that sedevacantists possess the "notes" of unity, sanctity, catholicity and apostolicity. Some even fiercely attack sedevacantism in a subjective manner. Sedevacantist claims of unity are rejected as mere partisan rhetoric on the grounds that there are many groups of sedevacantists, with few or no formal ties to each other (and there is a perception that members of these groups are apt to fall into schism from each other almost at the drop of a hat). Claims of unity advanced by conclavists are regarded ...

See also:

Sedevacantism, Sedevacantism - The sedevacantist position, Sedevacantism - The sedevacantist bishops, Sedevacantism - Conclavism, Sedevacantism - The debate between sedevacantists and mainstream Catholics, Sedevacantism - Main sedevacantist groups, Sedevacantism - Main conclavist groups

Read more here: » Sedevacantism: Encyclopedia II - Sedevacantism - The debate between sedevacantists and mainstream Catholics

In August 1971, the Mexican Jesuit Joaquin Saenz Arriaga wrote the book The New Montinian Church in which he concludes that Pope Paul VI had founded a new religion distinct from traditional Roman Catholicism. He followed this with another work, Sede Vacante in 1973 in which he explicitly claims that because of Paul VI's public and manifest heresy, he had forfeited his papal authority. The writings of Saenz gave rise to the sedevacantist movement in Mexico led by Fathers Saenz, Moises Carmona and Adolfo Zamora; in the United States by Fathers Francis E. Fen ...

See also:

Sedevacantism, Sedevacantism - The sedevacantist position, Sedevacantism - The sedevacantist bishops, Sedevacantism - Conclavism, Sedevacantism - The debate between sedevacantists and mainstream Catholics, Sedevacantism - Main sedevacantist groups, Sedevacantism - Main conclavist groups

Read more here: » Sedevacantism: Encyclopedia II - Sedevacantism - The sedevacantist position

It will be seen that the views of Febronius had but little originality. In the main they were those that predominated in the great general councils of Constance and Basel in the 15th century; but they were backed by him with such a wealth of learning, and they fitted so well into the intellectual and political conditions of the time, that they found a widespread acceptance. The book, indeed, was at once condemned at Rome (February 5, 1764), and by a brief of May 21 Pope Clement XIII commanded all the bishops of Germany to suppress it. The pa ...

See also:

Febronianism, Febronianism - Overview, Febronianism - Reception of Febronianism, Febronianism - External link

Read more here: » Febronianism: Encyclopedia II - Febronianism - Reception of Febronianism

Interpretation of the mottos has generally relied on finding correspondences between the mottos and the popes' birthplaces, their personal arms, and the events of their pontificates. For example, the first motto, Ex castro Tiberis (From a castle on the Tiber), fits Pope Celestine II's birthplace in Città di Castello, on the Tiber. Pope Clement XIII, referred to in the prophecy Rosa Umbriae, the rose of Umbria, who is stated to have used a rose "as his personal emblem" (his coat of arms does not include one, however, nor was he ...

See also:

Prophecy of the Popes, Prophecy of the Popes - Provenance, Prophecy of the Popes - Scepticism and authenticity, Prophecy of the Popes - Interpretation, Prophecy of the Popes - Popes and corresponding mottos, Prophecy of the Popes - Contemporary Popes and the Prophecy, Prophecy of the Popes - Pope Pius X Ignis ardens, Prophecy of the Popes - Pope Benedict XV Religio depopulata, Prophecy of the Popes - Pope Pius XI Fides intrepida, Prophecy of the Popes - Pope Pius XII Pastor angelicus, Prophecy of the Popes - Pope John XXIII Pastor et Nauta, Prophecy of the Popes - Pope Paul VI Flos florum, Prophecy of the Popes - Pope John Paul I De medietate Lunae, Prophecy of the Popes - Pope John Paul II De labore Solis, Prophecy of the Popes - Pope Benedict XVI Gloria Olivae, Prophecy of the Popes - Petrus Romanus

Read more here: » Prophecy of the Popes: Encyclopedia II - Prophecy of the Popes - Interpretation

The Suppression of the Jesuits in Portugal, France, the Two Sicilies, Parma and the Spanish Empire by 1767 was troubling to the Society's defender, Pope Clement XIII. Following a decree signed by Pope Clement XIV in July 1773, the Jesuits were suppressed in all countries except Russia, where Catherine the Great had forbidden the papal decree to be promulgated. Because millions of Catholics (including many Jesuits) lived in the Polish western provinces of the ...

See also:

Society of Jesus, Society of Jesus - Foundation, Society of Jesus - The name Jesuit, Society of Jesus - Early works, Society of Jesus - Expansion, Society of Jesus - Suppression and Restoration, Society of Jesus - Jesuits today, Society of Jesus - Controversies, Society of Jesus - Famous Jesuits, Society of Jesus - Jesuit institutions, Society of Jesus - Jesuit buildings

Read more here: » Society of Jesus: Encyclopedia II - Society of Jesus - Suppression and Restoration

Pope Benedict XVI was elected pope at the age of 78. He is the oldest person to have been elected pope since Clement XII in 1730. He served longer as a cardinal before being elected pope than did any pope since Benedict XIII (elected 1724). He is the ninth German pope, the last being the Dutch-German Adrian VI (1522–1523). The last pope named Benedict was Benedict XV, an Italian who reigned from 1914 to 1922, during World War I. Born in Bavaria, Germany, Benedict had a distinguished career as a university theologian before being app ...

See also:

Pope Benedict XVI, Pope Benedict XVI - Overview, Pope Benedict XVI - Early life 1927–1951, Pope Benedict XVI - Early church career 1951–1981, Pope Benedict XVI - Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith 1981–2005, Pope Benedict XVI - Health, Pope Benedict XVI - Response to sex abuse scandal, Pope Benedict XVI - Dialogue with non-Christian religions, Pope Benedict XVI - Ratzinger and Fatima, Pope Benedict XVI - Papacy, Pope Benedict XVI - Election to the Papacy, Pope Benedict XVI - Choice of name, Pope Benedict XVI - Early days of Papacy, Pope Benedict XVI - Teachings, Pope Benedict XVI - Curial appointments, Pope Benedict XVI - Beatifications, Pope Benedict XVI - Canonizations, Pope Benedict XVI - Revival of traditional papal clothing, Pope Benedict XVI - Apostolic journeys, Pope Benedict XVI - Encyclicals, Pope Benedict XVI - Pastoral Activities, Pope Benedict XVI - Books and theological writings

Read more here: » Pope Benedict XVI: Encyclopedia II - Pope Benedict XVI - Overview

Pope Benedict XVI was elected pope at the age of 78. He is the oldest person to have been elected pope since Clement XII in 1730. He served longer as a cardinal before being elected pope than did any pope since Benedict XIII (elected 1724). He is the ninth German pope, the last being the Dutch-German Adrian VI (1522–1523). The last pope named Benedict was Benedict XV, an Italian who reigned from 1914 to 1922, during World War I. Born in Bavaria, Germany, Benedict had a distinguished career as a university theologian before being app ...

See also:

Pope Benedict XVI, Pope Benedict XVI - Overview, Pope Benedict XVI - Early life 1927–1951, Pope Benedict XVI - Background and childhood 1927–1943, Pope Benedict XVI - Military service 1943–1945, Pope Benedict XVI - Education 1946–1951, Pope Benedict XVI - Early church career 1951–1981, Pope Benedict XVI - Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith 1981–2005, Pope Benedict XVI - Health, Pope Benedict XVI - Response to sex abuse scandal, Pope Benedict XVI - Dialogue with non Christian religions, Pope Benedict XVI - Ratzinger and Fatima, Pope Benedict XVI - Papacy, Pope Benedict XVI - Election to the Papacy, Pope Benedict XVI - Choice of name, Pope Benedict XVI - Early days of Papacy, Pope Benedict XVI - Teachings, Pope Benedict XVI - Curial appointments, Pope Benedict XVI - Beatifications, Pope Benedict XVI - Canonizations, Pope Benedict XVI - Revival of traditional papal clothing, Pope Benedict XVI - Apostolic journeys, Pope Benedict XVI - Encyclicals, Pope Benedict XVI - Pastoral Activities, Pope Benedict XVI - Notes, Pope Benedict XVI - Encyclicals, Pope Benedict XVI - Books and theological writings, Pope Benedict XVI - Literature, Pope Benedict XVI - Biographies

Read more here: » Pope Benedict XVI: Encyclopedia II - Pope Benedict XVI - Overview

The first papal condemnation of Freemasonry came in 1738 from Pope Clement XII in his papal bull Eminenti Apostolatus Specula, repeated by several later popes, notably Pope Leo XIII in the encyclical Humanum Genus (1884). The 1917 Code of Canon Law explicitly declares that joining Freemasonry entailed automatic excommunication; the revised Code issued in 1983 does not explicitly name Masonic orders ...

See also:

Catholicism and Freemasonry, Catholicism and Freemasonry - Catholic attitudes towards Freemasonry, Catholicism and Freemasonry - Ban on Membership, Catholicism and Freemasonry - Papal Encyclicals, Catholicism and Freemasonry - The Inquisition and Freemasonry, Catholicism and Freemasonry - Allegations of Deism, Catholicism and Freemasonry - Seperation of Church and State, Catholicism and Freemasonry - See Also

Read more here: » Catholicism and Freemasonry: Encyclopedia II - Catholicism and Freemasonry - Ban on Membership

He went to Italy, escaped from arrest at Genoa, and had to take refuge among the Apennines, Pope Clement XI, who was his bitter enemy, having given strict orders for his arrest. On the death of Clement in 1721, Alberoni boldly appeared at the conclave, and took part in the election of Innocent XIII, after which he was for a short time imprisoned by the new pontiff on the demand of Spain, but was cleared of all charges by a commission of his fellow Cardinals. At the next election (1724) he was himself proposed for the papal chair, and secured ten vo ...

See also:

Giulio Alberoni, Giulio Alberoni - Early years, Giulio Alberoni - Middle years, Giulio Alberoni - Later years, Giulio Alberoni - Death and afterwards, Giulio Alberoni - Publications

Read more here: » Giulio Alberoni: Encyclopedia II - Giulio Alberoni - Later years

See article Suppression of the Jesuits The Suppression of the Jesuits in Portugal, France, the Two Sicilies, Parma and the Spanish Empire by 1767 was troubling to the Society's defender, Pope Clement XIII. Following a decree signed by Pope Clement XIV in July 1773, the Jesuits were suppressed in all countries except Russia, where Catherine the Great had forbidden the papal decree to be promulgated. Because millions of Catholics (including many Jesuits) lived in the Polish western provinces of the Russian Empire, the Society was able to maintain its legal existe ...

See also:

Society of Jesus, Society of Jesus - Foundation, Society of Jesus - The name Jesuit, Society of Jesus - Early works, Society of Jesus - Expansion, Society of Jesus - Suppression and Restoration, Society of Jesus - Jesuits today, Society of Jesus - Controversies, Society of Jesus - Famous Jesuits, Society of Jesus - Jesuit institutions, Society of Jesus - Jesuit buildings

Read more here: » Society of Jesus: Encyclopedia II - Society of Jesus - Suppression and Restoration

Clement Hofbauer was beatified on January 29, 1888, by Pope Leo XIII. He was canonized a saint of the Catholic Church on May 20, 1909. In 1914, Pope Pius X gave him the title of Apostle and Patron to Vienna. Simplicity was the chief characteristic of his sanctity. He accepted the will of God as it came to him, and did all the good that he was capable of doing. He led a life of innocence and service devoting himself to glorifying God and drawing others to serve him. In the very simple way that ...

See also:

Clemens Maria Hofbauer, Clemens Maria Hofbauer - Birth and Young Life, Clemens Maria Hofbauer - Warsaw and St. Benno's, Clemens Maria Hofbauer - Vienna: A New Start, Clemens Maria Hofbauer - Conclusion, Clemens Maria Hofbauer - Works, Clemens Maria Hofbauer - External link

Read more here: » Clemens Maria Hofbauer: Encyclopedia II - Clemens Maria Hofbauer - Conclusion