Encyclopedia - Pope Benedict Xv: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope Benedict Xv - Pontificate
Benedict's pontificate was dominated by the Great War, which he termed "the suicide of Europe", and its turbulent aftermath. His early ca...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope Benedict Xv: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope Benedict Xv - Early Life
Della Chiesa was born at Pegli, a suburb of Genoa, Italy, of noble family, the son of Marchese Giuseppe della Chiesa. He acquired a docto...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Prophecy Of The Popes: Encyclopedia Ii - Prophecy Of The Popes - Contemporary Popes And The Prophecy
Prophecy of the Popes - Pope Pius X Ignis ardens. The motto means "ardent" or "burning fire". The pope was known for his great personal...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Antipope Boniface Vii: Encyclopedia - Antipope Boniface Vii
Boniface VII (Franco Ferrucci, died July 20, 985), who attained the papal chair in 974, is sometimes styled an antipope. He is supposed t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Prophecy Of The Popes: Encyclopedia Ii - Prophecy Of The Popes - Interpretation
Interpretation of the mottos has generally relied on finding correspondences between the mottos and the popes' birthplaces, their persona...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Prophecy Of The Popes: Encyclopedia Ii - Prophecy Of The Popes - Provenance
The prophecy was first published in 1595 by Arnold de Wyon, a Benedictine historian, as part of his book Lignum Vitæ. Wyon attributed th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Prophecy Of The Popes: Encyclopedia Ii - Prophecy Of The Popes - Scepticism And Authenticity
Those who doubt the prophecy's authenticity claim that the prophecy's mottoes fit the earlier popes much better than they do those electe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Benedict: Encyclopedia Ii - Benedict - People
Benedict - Earlier popes. Pope Benedict I Pope Benedict II (see below) Pope Benedict III Pope Benedict IV Pope Benedict V Pope Benedic...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope Benedict Xvi: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope Benedict Xvi - Overview
Pope Benedict XVI was elected pope at the age of 78. He is the oldest person to have been elected pope since Clement XII in 1730. He serv...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope Benedict Xvi: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope Benedict Xvi - Overview
Pope Benedict XVI was elected pope at the age of 78. He is the oldest person to have been elected pope since Clement XII in 1730. He serv...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope Pius Xii: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope Pius Xii - World War Ii
Pius' pontificate began on the eve of the Second World War. During the war, Pope Pius XII followed a policy of public neutrality mirrorin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope Pius Xii: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope Pius Xii - World War Ii
Pius' pontificate began on the eve of the Second World War. During the war, Pope Pius XII followed a policy of public neutrality mirrorin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Papal Conclave 1922: Encyclopedia Ii - Papal Conclave 1922 - Aftermath
Ratti himself was less easy to categorise in terms of the conservative/liberal divide than most of his immediate predecessors. Most regar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Papal Conclave 1914: Encyclopedia Ii - Papal Conclave 1914 - New Pope
The conclave itself itself assembled in the Sistine Chapel on 31 August. On 3 September 1914, on the tenth ballot, Giacomo Cardinal della...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope Pius Xi: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope Pius Xi - Internal Church Affairs And Ecumenism
In his management of the Church's internal affairs Pius mostly continued the policies of his predecessor. Like Benedict XV, he put a grea...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Thérèse De Lisieux: Encyclopedia Ii - Thérèse De Lisieux - Recognition
In 1902, the Polish Carmelite priest Father Raphael Kalinowski (later Saint Raphael Kalinowski) translated her autobiography "Story of a ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuno Álvares Pereira: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuno Álvares Pereira - Beatification. Canonization Procedure
Nuno was beatified on 23 January 1918 by Pope Benedict XV. His memorial is on 1 April. He was on the point of being canonized by decree i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1922: Encyclopedia - 1922
1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). 1922 - Events. January 7 - Dáil Éireann, the extra-lega...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1920: Encyclopedia - 1920
1920 (MCMXX) is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) 1920 - Events. January 7 - Forces of Russian White ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1854: Encyclopedia - 1854
Canada - Mexico - South Africa - U.S. Rail Transport - Science - Sports Births - Deaths 1854 was a common year starting on Sunday (see l...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Christmas Truce: Encyclopedia - Christmas Truce
The "Christmas truce" began on Christmas Eve, December 24, 1914, during World War I, when German troops began decorating the area around ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Papal Conclave: Encyclopedia - Papal Conclave
A papal election is the method by which the Roman Catholic Church fills the office of Bishop of Rome, whose incumbent is known as the Pop...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anglo-irish War: Encyclopedia - Anglo-irish War
The Anglo-Irish War (also known as the Irish War of Independence) was a guerrilla campaign mounted against the British government in Irel...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope Benedict Xvi: Encyclopedia - Pope Benedict Xvi
Pope Benedict XVI (Latin: Benedictus PP. XVI; Italian: Benedetto XVI; German: Benedikt XVI; Spanish: Benedicto XVI; French: Benoît XVI)...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope John Xxiii: Encyclopedia - Pope John Xxiii
Pope John XXIII (Latin: Ioannes PP. XXIII), born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli (November 25, 1881 – June 3, 1963), reigned as the 261st Pope...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Congregation For Catholic Education: Encyclopedia - Congregation For Catholic Education
The Congregation for Catholic Education (in Seminaries and Institutes of Study) [Congregationis de Institutione Catholica quo ordo studio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Papal Coronation: Encyclopedia - Papal Coronation
The Papal Coronation was a six-hour ceremony in which a new pope was crowned as head of the Roman Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatica...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Benedict: Encyclopedia - Benedict
Benedict commonly refers to: Saint Benedict of Nursia/Italy (fl. 6th century), founder of the Benedictine Order. Pope Benedict XVI, the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anglo-irish War: Encyclopedia Ii - Anglo-irish War - British Response
The "Black and Tans" were set up to bolster the flagging RIC. 7,000 strong, they were mainly ex-British soldiers demobilised after World ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope Benedict Xvi: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope Benedict Xvi - Papacy
Pope Benedict XVI - Election to the Papacy. On January 2, 2005, Time magazine quoted unnamed Vatican sources as saying that Ratzinger ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Decoration Of The Papal Tiara: Encyclopedia Ii - Decoration Of The Papal Tiara - Multiple Tiaras
Unlike most monarchies, the papacy did not have one special crown that was used by all popes. In part that was due to the series of destr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hitler's Pope: Encyclopedia Ii - Hitler's Pope - Birth And Early Church Career
Cornwell maintains that, although Pacelli was an individual of selfless habit, he was also a believer in the principle of absolute leader...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Thérèse De Lisieux: Encyclopedia Ii - Thérèse De Lisieux - Early Life
St. Thérèse de Lisieux was born in Alençon, France, the daughter of Louis Martin, a watchmaker, and Zélie-Marie Guérin, a lacemaker....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1920: Encyclopedia Ii - 1920 - Events
1920 - January. January 7 - Forces of Russian White admiral Kolchak surrender in Krasnoyarsk. January 9 - Britain announces it will b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope John Xxiii: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope John Xxiii - Modern Conspiracy Theories
A fringe of conservative Catholics—those who disagree with Vatican II—have derided Pope John's influence in calling the council, seei...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Joan Of Arc: Encyclopedia Ii - Joan Of Arc - Biography
Joan of Arc - Early life. Joan of Arc was born in the village of Domrémy in the province of Loraine.[3] Her parents Jacques D'Arc and ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1922: Encyclopedia Ii - 1922 - Events
January 7 - Dáil Éireann, the extra-legal parliament of the Irish Republic, ratifies the Anglo-Irish Treaty by 64-57 votes. January 8...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Papal Conclave 1914: Encyclopedia Ii - Papal Conclave 1914 - Political Context
With Europe facing World War I whoever was selected would face the difficulty of leading the Holy See through the war to end all wars, in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Papal Coronation: Encyclopedia Ii - Papal Coronation - Location Of The Ceremony
The first papal coronations took place in St. John Lateran, the pope's cathedral. However traditionally for hundreds of years papal coron...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - La Salette: Encyclopedia Ii - La Salette - Controversy
Melanie Calvat became a controversial figure. She was found to be wilful by the next bishop of Grenoble who suffered successive embarassm...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Papal Conclave: Encyclopedia Ii - Papal Conclave - Historical Development
The procedures relating to the election of the Pope have undergone almost two millennia of development. Procedures similar to the present...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope Benedict Xvi: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope Benedict Xvi - Papacy
Pope Benedict XVI - Election to the Papacy. On January 2, 2005, Time magazine quoted unnamed Vatican sources as saying that Ratzinger ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anglo-irish War: Encyclopedia Ii - Anglo-irish War - British Response
The "Black and Tans" were set up to bolster the flagging RIC. 7,000 strong, they were mainly ex-British soldiers demobilised after World ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of People Associated With World War I: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of People Associated With World War I - Australia
(Entered the War on: August 4, 1914) C.E.W. Bean (1879-1968) Official Australian war correspondent Henry Gordon Bennett (1887-1962) Comm...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope Pius Xii: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope Pius Xii - The Catholic Church And Nazi Germany Pre-ww Ii
Most observers regard the Church's relationship with the Nazi regime as similar to those it established with other non-communist states a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope Pius Xii: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope Pius Xii - Pius Xii Ends The Italian Majority In The College Of Cardinals
Only twice in his pontificate did Pius XII hold a consistory to create new cardinals, a decided contrast to Pius XI, who had done so seve...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope Pius Xii: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope Pius Xii - Pope Pius In Later Life And After His Death
Pius was dogged with ill health later in life, largely due to a charlatan, Riccardo Galeazzi-Lisi, who posed as a medical doctor and won ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope Pius Xii: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope Pius Xii - Beatifications Canonisations And Teachings
During his reign, Pius XII canonized eight saints, including Pope Pius X, and beatified five people. He consecrated the world to the Imma...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope Pius Xii: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope Pius Xii - Pope Pius' Encyclicals
His encyclicals include: Mystici Corporis Christi: On the Mystical Body, 29 June 1943 Communium Interpretes Doloraum: An Appeal for Pray...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope Benedict Xvi: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope Benedict Xvi - Early Church Career 1951–1981
Ratzinger became a professor at the University of Bonn in 1959; his inaugural lecture was on "The God of Faith and the God of Philosophy....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope Pius Xii: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope Pius Xii - Nuncio Eugenio Pacelli
Eugenio Pacelli served the Holy See largely as a diplomat and his role within the Church was largely centered on diplomatic negotiation w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope Pius Xii: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope Pius Xii - Childhood And Early Church Career
Pacelli, who was of noble birth, was a grandson of Marcantonio Pacelli, founder of the Vatican's newspaper, L'Osservatore Romano, a nephe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope Benedict Xvi: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope Benedict Xvi - Prefect Of The Congregation For The Doctrine Of The Faith 1981–2005
On November 25, 1981, Pope John Paul II named Ratzinger Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, formerly known as the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope Pius Xii: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope Pius Xii - The Reichskonkordat
In April 1933, shortly after coming to power in Germany, Adolf Hitler sent his Vice-Chancellor Franz von Papen to Rome to offer the Holy ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope Pius Xii: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope Pius Xii - The Catholic Church And Nazi Germany Pre-ww Ii
Most observers regard the Church's relationship with the Nazi regime as similar to those it established with other non-communist states a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope Pius Xii: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope Pius Xii - Beatifications Canonisations And Teachings
During his reign, Pius XII canonized eight saints, including Pope Pius X, and beatified five people. He consecrated the world to the Imma...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope Pius Xii: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope Pius Xii - Pope Pius' Encyclicals
His encyclicals include: Mystici Corporis Christi: On the Mystical Body, 29 June 1943 Communium Interpretes Doloraum: An Appeal for Pray...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope Pius Xii: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope Pius Xii - The Reichskonkordat
In April 1933, shortly after coming to power in Germany, Adolf Hitler sent his Vice-Chancellor Franz von Papen to Rome to offer the Holy ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope Benedict Xvi: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope Benedict Xvi - Early Life 1927–1951
Joseph Alois Ratzinger was born on 16th April, Holy Saturday, 1927 at Schulstrasse 11, his parents' home in Marktl am Inn, Bavaria. He wa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anglo-irish War: Encyclopedia Ii - Anglo-irish War - Violence Spreads
Volunteers began to attack British government property, carried out raids for arms and funds and targeted and killed prominent members of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anglo-irish War: Encyclopedia Ii - Anglo-irish War - Origins
To purist Irish Republicans, the Anglo-Irish war had begun with the Proclamation of the Irish Republic during the Easter Rising of 1916. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope John Xxiii: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope John Xxiii - Earlier Life
Angelo Roncalli was born on November 25, 1881, in Sotto il Monte, a small town in the Province of Bergamo, Italy. The fourth in a family ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anglo-irish War: Encyclopedia Ii - Anglo-irish War - Michael Collins And The Ira
Michael Collins was the main driving force behind the independence movement. Nominally the Minister of Finance in the Republic's governme...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anglo-irish War: Encyclopedia Ii - Anglo-irish War - The Propaganda War
Another feature of the war was the use of propaganda by both sides. The British tried to portray the IRA as anti-Protestant in order to e...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anglo-irish War: Encyclopedia Ii - Anglo-irish War - The Treaty
Ultimately, the peace talks led to the negotiation of the Anglo-Irish Treaty (1921), which was then ratified in triplicate: by Dáil Éir...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anglo-irish War: Encyclopedia Ii - Anglo-irish War - The Truce — An Uneasy Peace
The war ended in a Truce on July 11, 1921, in some respects, the conflict was at a stalemate. Talks that had looked promising the previou...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Thérèse De Lisieux: Encyclopedia Ii - Thérèse De Lisieux - The Little Way
Thérèse is known for her "Little Way." Because of her station in a Carmelite convent, Thérèse realized that she would not be able to ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Decoration Of The Papal Tiara: Encyclopedia Ii - Decoration Of The Papal Tiara - Decoration
Image:Pius-IX-tiara-1854sm.jpg It was not just the frequency of the receipt of papal tiaras that increased, but also their value and scal...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope Benedict Xvi: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope Benedict Xvi - Early Life 1927–1951
Pope Benedict XVI - Background and childhood 1927–1943. Joseph Alois Ratzinger was born on Holy Saturday, at Schulstrasse 11, his par...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anglo-irish War: Encyclopedia Ii - Anglo-irish War - The Treaty
Ultimately, the peace talks led to the negotiation of the Anglo-Irish Treaty (1921), which was then ratified in triplicate: by Dáil Éir...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anglo-irish War: Encyclopedia Ii - Anglo-irish War - The Truce — An Uneasy Peace
The war ended in a Truce on July 11, 1921, in some respects, the conflict was at a stalemate. Talks that had looked promising the previou...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope Benedict Xvi: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope Benedict Xvi - Early Church Career 1951–1981
Ratzinger became a professor at the University of Bonn in 1959; his inaugural lecture was on "The God of Faith and the God of Philosophy....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope Benedict Xvi: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope Benedict Xvi - Prefect Of The Congregation For The Doctrine Of The Faith 1981–2005
On November 25, 1981, Pope John Paul II named Ratzinger Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, formerly known as the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope John Xxiii: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope John Xxiii - Papacy
Following the death of Pope Pius XII in 1958, Roncalli was, to his own great surprise, elected Pope. For the longest time, Archbishop Mon...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope John Xxiii: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope John Xxiii - Earlier Life
Angelo Roncalli was born in a hospital (Province of Bergamo), Italy, on November 25, 1881. The fourth in a family of 13, his family worke...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anglo-irish War: Encyclopedia Ii - Anglo-irish War - The Propaganda War
Another feature of the war was the use of propaganda by both sides. The British tried to portray the IRA as anti-Protestant in order to e...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anglo-irish War: Encyclopedia Ii - Anglo-irish War - Michael Collins And The Ira
Michael Collins was the main driving force behind the independence movement. Nominally the Minister of Finance in the Republic's governme...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Papal Coronation: Encyclopedia Ii - Papal Coronation - John Paul Ii And The Coronation
Apparently unaware of the detail of Pope Paul's Apostolic Constitution's mandatory requirement for papal coronations, John Paul II, in hi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Papal Coronation: Encyclopedia Ii - Papal Coronation - Pope Paul And The Coronation
The last pope to be crowned by this method was Pope Paul VI. Though Pope Paul decided to cease wearing a papal tiara within weeks of his ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Papal Conclave: Encyclopedia Ii - Papal Conclave - Modern Practice
In 1996, John Paul II promulgated a new Apostolic Constitution, called Universi Dominici Gregis (Shepherd of the Lord's Whole Flock), whi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Papal Conclave: Encyclopedia Ii - Papal Conclave - Historical Voting Patterns
The newly elected pope often contrasts dramatically with his predecessor, a tendency expressed by the Italian axiom "After a fat pope a l...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anglo-irish War: Encyclopedia Ii - Anglo-irish War - Violence Spreads
Volunteers began to attack British government property, carried out raids for arms and funds and targeted and killed prominent members of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anglo-irish War: Encyclopedia Ii - Anglo-irish War - Origins
To purist Irish Republicans, the Anglo-Irish war had begun with the Proclamation of the Irish Republic during the Easter Rising of 1916. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope John Xxiii: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope John Xxiii - Legacy
Known affectionately as "Good Pope John" and "the most loved Pope in history" to many people, in 2000 John was declared "Blessed" by Pope...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1920: Encyclopedia Ii - 1920 - Births
1920 - January. January 1 - Virgilio Savona, Italian singer and songwriter (Quartetto Cetra) January 2 - Isaac Asimov, Russian-born au...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of People Associated With World War I: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of People Associated With World War I - Germany
(Entered the War on: August 1, 1914) List of people associated with World War I - Monarch. Emperor Wilhelm II List of people associa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of People Associated With World War I: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of People Associated With World War I - France
(Entered the War on: August 3, 1914) List of people associated with World War I - Military Leaders. Edouard de Castelnau, (1851-1944),...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of People Associated With World War I: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of People Associated With World War I - Italy
(Entered the War on: May 23, 1915) List of people associated with World War I - Royalty. Victor Emmanuel III of Italy, (1869-1947) Ame...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of People Associated With World War I: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of People Associated With World War I - Russia
(Entered the War on: August 1, 1914) List of people associated with World War I - Monarchs. Emperor Nicholas II (1868-1918), abdicated...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope Pius Xii: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope Pius Xii - Birth Childhood And Early Church Career
Pacelli, who was of noble birth, was a grandson of Marcantonio Pacelli, founder of the Vatican's newspaper, L'Osservatore Romano, a neph...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of People Associated With World War I: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of People Associated With World War I - United Kingdom
(Entered the War on: August 4, 1914) List of people associated with World War I - Royalty. King George V Queen Mary List of people a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of People Associated With World War I: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of People Associated With World War I - Bulgaria
(Entered the War on: October 12, 1915) List of people associated with World War I - Royalty. Ferdinand I List of people associated w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of People Associated With World War I: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of People Associated With World War I - Austria-hungary
(Entered the War on: July 28, 1914) List of people associated with World War I - Royalty. Archduke Franz Ferdinand, (1863-1914), heir ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1922: Encyclopedia Ii - 1922 - Marriages
1922 - January-March. January 27 - Bill Robinson & Fannie S. Clay February 4 - Pauline Frederick & Dr. C.A. Rutherford Februar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1922: Encyclopedia Ii - 1922 - Births
1922 - January-March. January 1 - Ernest "Fritz" Hollings, U.S. Senator from South Carolina January 7 - Jean-Pierre Rampal, French flu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hitler's Pope: Encyclopedia Ii - Hitler's Pope - Critical Analysis Of Cornwell's Work
In The Myth of Hitler's Pope: How Pope Pius XII Rescued Jews from the Nazis published in 2005, author Rabbi David G. Dalin presents exten...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Joan Of Arc: Encyclopedia Ii - Joan Of Arc - Historical Background
This was the lowest era in French history until the Nazi occupation. The French king, Charles VI at the time of Joan's birth, suffered bo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Joan Of Arc: Encyclopedia Ii - Joan Of Arc - Legacy
Surviving historical evidence about Joan of Arc is abundant. Nineteenth century scholars discovered five separate copies of her condemnat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Joan Of Arc: Encyclopedia Ii - Joan Of Arc - Clothing
Joan wore men's clothing between her departure from Vaucouleurs and her abjuration at Rouen. This raised theological questions in her own...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope Pius Xii: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope Pius Xii - Nuncio Eugenio Pacelli
Eugenio Pacelli served the Holy See largely as a diplomat and his role within the Church was largely centered on diplomatic negotiation w...   » Read the article