Pope Alexander VI - Article Index

Encyclopedia - Pope Alexander Vi: Encyclopedia - Pope Alexander Vi
Alexander VI, (Rodrigo Borgia) (January 1, 1431 – August 18, 1503) pope (1492-1503), is the most memorable of the secular popes of the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope Alexander Vi: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope Alexander Vi - Nepotism And Opposition
Borgia's elevation did not at the time excite much alarm, and at first his reign was marked by a strict administration of justice and an ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope Alexander Vi: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope Alexander Vi - Nepotism And Opposition
Borgia's elevation did not at the time excite much alarm, and at first his reign was marked by a strict administration of justice and an ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Borgia: Encyclopedia - Borgia
Borjia was an influential Spanish-Italian family during the Renaissance. Callixtus III was a pope. His nephew Alexander VI was also a pop...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - April 18: Encyclopedia - April 18
April 18 is the 108th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (109th in leap years). There are 257 days remaining. April 18 - Events. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope Callixtus Iii: Encyclopedia - Pope Callixtus Iii
Calixtus III, né Alfons de Borja (December 31, 1378 – August 6, 1458) was born near Xàtiva, València, today Spain but then Kingdom o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1431: Encyclopedia - 1431
1431 - Events. January 3 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. February 21 - The trial of Joan of Arc begins Marc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Poisonings: Encyclopedia - List Of Poisonings
This is a List of poisonings in alphabetical order of victim. It also includes confirmed attempted and fictional poisonings. Many of the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Umbracullum: Encyclopedia - Umbracullum
The umbracullum is a historic piece of the papal regalia and insignia, once used on a daily basis to provide shade for the pope. In moder...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Complutense University Of Madrid: Encyclopedia - Complutense University Of Madrid
The Complutense University of Madrid, in Spanish Universidad Complutense de Madrid, is a prestigious Spanish university, located in Madri...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope: Encyclopedia - Pope
History of Christianity Jesus of Nazareth The Apostles Ecumenical councils Great Schism The Crusades Reformation The Trinity God the Fath...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - August 18: Encyclopedia - August 18
August 18 is the 230th day of the year (231st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 135 days remaining. August 18 - Events...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spanish Inquisition: Encyclopedia - Spanish Inquisition
The Spanish Inquisition was the Inquisition acting in Spain under the control of the Kings of Spain. This Inquisition was the result of t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1503: Encyclopedia - 1503
1503 - Events. January 20 - Seville in Castile is awarded exclusive right to trade with the New World. April 21 - Battle of Cerignola....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Papal States: Encyclopedia - Papal States
The Papal States (Gli Stati della Chiesa or Stati Pontificii, "States of the Church") was one of the major historical states of Italy bef...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - January 1: Encyclopedia - January 1
January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Here a calendar year refers to the order in ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1442: Encyclopedia - 1442
1442 - Events. The community of Rauma, Finland was granted its town rights. Vlad II Dracul is replaced as ruler of Wallachia by Mircea...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1475: Encyclopedia - 1475
1475 - Events. August 29 - Treaty of Picquigny ends a brief war between France and England. First book printed in English, by William ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1497: Encyclopedia - 1497
1497 - Events. 7 February - followers of Girolamo Savonarola burn thousands of "immoral" objects at the Bonfire of the Vanities in Flo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope - Death Abdication And Election
Pope - Death. The current regulations regarding a papal interregnum — i.e., a sede vacante ("vacant seat") — were promulgated by Jo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Papal States: Encyclopedia Ii - Papal States - Origins
The Roman Catholic Church spent its first three centuries as an outlawed organization and was thus unable to hold or transfer property. A...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Order Of Christ Portugal: Encyclopedia Ii - Order Of Christ Portugal - The Precursors Of The Order – The Foundation Of Tomar
The Templars were founded around 1118 and soon formed commanderies around Europe to support their efforts in the Holy Land, settling in P...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of People Speculated To Have Been Syphilitic: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of People Speculated To Have Been Syphilitic - Background
The determination of whether a person long dead did or did not suffer from syphilis can be fraught with controversy. Even in living patie...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Leonardo Da Vinci: Encyclopedia Ii - Leonardo Da Vinci - Life
Leonardo da Vinci - Personal life. The first known biography of Leonardo was published in 1550 by Giorgio Vasari who wrote Vite de' piu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Renaissance Figures: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Renaissance Figures - Religious Figures
... See also:List of Renaissance figures, List of Renaissance figures - Political leaders, List of Renaissance figures - Religious f...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Assassinated People: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Assassinated People - Assassinations In Africa
List of assassinated people - Algeria. Hiempsal, (117 BC), co-ruler of Numidia, by Jugurtha François Darlan, (1942), French Admiral, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Poisonings: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Poisonings - Fictional Poisonings
Due to the plot strength of poisoning in crime fiction, this is an inexhaustive list. Anthony Berkeley: The Poisoned Chocolates Case A...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Sexually Active Popes: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Sexually Active Popes - Sexually Active Popes
This list only includes popes known to have married and/or engaged in heterosexual sexual activity. For popes allegedly involved in homos...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Borgia Film: Encyclopedia Ii - Borgia Film - Premise
Borgia recalls the nefarious reign of the Borgia family, from patriarch Pope Alexander VI's election in 1492 to his death in 1503. The pr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Spain - Reconquista 8th-15th Centuries
The expulsion of the Muslims was reputedly started by the first King of Asturias, named Pelayo (718-737), who started his fight against t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Rome: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Rome - Ancient Rome
History of Rome - Origins. Further information: Founding of Rome, and [[]], and [[]], and [[]], and    » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Isabella Of Castile: Encyclopedia Ii - Isabella Of Castile - The Events Of 1492
1492 was an important year for Isabella, seeing the conquest of Granada, her successful patronage of Christopher Columbus, and her expuls...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lucrezia Borgia: Encyclopedia Ii - Lucrezia Borgia - Marriage To Giovanni Sforza
After Rodrigo became Pope Alexander VI, he had Lucrezia marry Giovanni Sforza in order to establish an alliance with that powerful Milane...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Niccolò Machiavelli: Encyclopedia Ii - Niccolò Machiavelli - Works
The best known work of Machiavelli is his political treatise Il Principe (The Prince). It was written in an attempt to return to politics...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope Julius Ii: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope Julius Ii - Reign As Pope
From the beginning Julius II set himself with a courage and determination rarely equalled to rid himself of the various powers under whic...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Economic History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - Economic History Of Spain - The Franco Era 1939-75
Spain emerged from the Spanish Civil War with formidable economic problems. Gold and foreign exchange reserves had been virtually wiped o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope Julius Ii: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope Julius Ii - Reign As Pope
From the beginning Julius II set himself with a courage and determination rarely equalled to rid himself of the various powers under whic...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Battle Of Fornovo: Encyclopedia Ii - Battle Of Fornovo - The Battle Of Fornovo
Alessandro Beneditti, in his Diaria de Bello Carolino (Diary of the Caroline War) gives one of the best accounts of this battle. Beneditt...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Buttevant: Encyclopedia Ii - Buttevant - Ballybeg Priory
Philip de Barry founded the priory of St. Thomas à Becket at Ballybeg for the Canons Regular of St. Augustine in 1229. His grandson, Dav...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Caterina Sforza: Encyclopedia Ii - Caterina Sforza - Mona Lisa?
German and Russian students have seen a new fact: the correspondence between the face of Mona Lisa and the face of Caterina Sforza in tha...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - War Of The League Of Cambrai: Encyclopedia Ii - War Of The League Of Cambrai - League Of Cambrai 1508–10
Julius, humiliated by the failure of the Imperial invasion, turned to Louis XII of France (who, having been left in possession of Milan a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Raphael Rooms: Encyclopedia Ii - Raphael Rooms - Room Of The Segnatura
The Stanza della Segnatura was the first to be decorated by Raphael's frescoes: it was the study in which the "Signatura gratiae" church ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Treaty Of Tordesillas: Encyclopedia Ii - Treaty Of Tordesillas - Exploration And Colonization
It was intended to resolve the dispute that had been created following the return of Christopher Columbus. In 1481 the papal Bull Aeterni...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Honours Of Scotland: Encyclopedia Ii - Honours Of Scotland - The Sword Of State Of Scotland
The Sword of State of Scotland was also a papal gift; Pope Julius II presented it to James IV in 1507. The blade includes figures of Sain...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jubilee Christian: Encyclopedia Ii - Jubilee Christian - Pre-history Of The Christian Jubilee
The year of Jubilee in both the Jewish and Christian traditions is a time of joy, the year of remission or universal pardon. In Mosiac la...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Etruscan Language: Encyclopedia Ii - Etruscan Language - History
The Etruscans are thought by some to be indigenous people of Italy, living there before the Indo-European migration and the arrival of th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - European Colonies In India: Encyclopedia Ii - European Colonies In India - Portuguese
Main article: Portuguese India The Portuguese were the first Europeans to arrive in India in 1498. The closing of traditional trade route...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spanish Inquisition: Encyclopedia Ii - Spanish Inquisition - Origin
The Aragonese Ferdinand was not above using religion as a means of controlling his people. He wanted the Jewish and Muslim religions wipe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope - Death, Abdication, And Election
Pope - Death. The current regulations regarding a papal interregnum — i.e., a sede vacante ("vacant seat") — were promulgated by Jo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Economic History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - Economic History Of Spain - The Post-franco Period 1975-1980s
Franco's death in 1975 and the ensuing transition to democratic rule diverted Spaniards' attention from urgent economic problems. The ret...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Spain - Visigothic Hispania 5th-8th Centuries
Main articles: Visigoth and Visigothic Hispania After the fall of the Roman Empire, Germanic tribes invaded the former empire, several tu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spanish Inquisition: Encyclopedia Ii - Spanish Inquisition - Operation Of The Inquistion
Sixtus IV died in 1484, and was succeeded by Pope Innocent VIII. Innocent twice issued bulls asking for greater mercy and leniency for th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Spain - Early History
The earliest history of the Iberian peninsula is discussed as part of prehistoric Europe. Before the Roman Empire, the Iberian Peninsula ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope Julius Ii: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope Julius Ii - Ascension To Papacy
However, a rivalry had gradually grown up between him and Cardinal Rodrigo Borgia, and on the death of Innocent VIII in 1492 Borgia was e...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Economic History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - Economic History Of Spain - Primo De Rivera
Once in power, Miguel Primo de Rivera dissolved parliament and ruled through directorates and the aid of the military until 1930. His reg...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spanish Inquisition: Encyclopedia Ii - Spanish Inquisition - The Inquisition And The Expulsion Of The Jews
See also: History of the Jews in Spain Ferdinand and Isabella appointed Tomás de Torquemada in 1481 to investigate and punish conversos ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Rome: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Rome - Medieval Rome
History of Rome - Barbarian and Byzantine rule. In 476, the last Western Roman emperor Romulus Augustus, a puppet (like almost all empe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Economic History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - Economic History Of Spain - Union And Exploration
The conquest of Granada allowed the Catholic Monarchs to divert their attention to exploration, although Christopher Columbus's first voy...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - War Of The League Of Cambrai: Encyclopedia Ii - War Of The League Of Cambrai - Franco-venetian Alliance 1513–16
In late May 1513, a French army commanded by Louis de la Trémoille crossed the Alps and advanced on Milan; at the same time, Bartolomeo ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - War Of The League Of Cambrai: Encyclopedia Ii - War Of The League Of Cambrai - Holy League 1511–13
By June 1511, most of the Romagna was in French hands; the Papal army, disorganized and underpaid, was in no condition to prevent Trivulz...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - War Of The League Of Cambrai: Encyclopedia Ii - War Of The League Of Cambrai - Prelude
In the aftermath of the First Italian War, Pope Alexander VI had moved to consolidate Papal control over central Italy by seizing the Rom...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - War Of The League Of Cambrai: Encyclopedia Ii - War Of The League Of Cambrai - Veneto-papal Alliance 1510–11
Julius, meanwhile, had become increasingly concerned by the growing French presence in Italy; more significantly, he had formulated plans...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - War Of The League Of Cambrai: Encyclopedia Ii - War Of The League Of Cambrai - Aftermath
After the defeat at Marignano, the League no longer possessed the ability or the will to continue the war. Francis advanced on Milan, cap...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Economic History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - Economic History Of Spain - Ancient Era
The prehistoric Iberians and Celtiberians were some of the earliest groups in what is now Spain. The Iberians developed agriculture and m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spanish Inquisition: Encyclopedia Ii - Spanish Inquisition - Torture Techniques Used
According to a joint BBC/A&E production called "Myths of the Spanish Inquisition" (1994), torture chambers did not exist during the S...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Economic History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - Economic History Of Spain - Middle Ages
While much of Europe fell into a Dark Age after the decline of the Roman Empire, Spain maintained its economy. First, the Visigoths took ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jubilee Christian: Encyclopedia Ii - Jubilee Christian - The Jubilee Indulgence
This is a plenary indulgence which, as stated by Pope Boniface VIII in Consistory, it is the intention of the Holy See to grant in the mo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Spain - Al-andalus 8th-15th Centuries
In 711, Arabs and Berbers had converted to Islam, a religion founded in the 7th century by prophet Muhammad and which by the 8th century ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Economic History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - Economic History Of Spain - Decline
Sixteenth-century Spain was ultimately the victim of its own wealth. Military expenditure did not stimulate domestic production. Bullion ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Spain - Spain In The Nineteenth Century 1814-1873
Although the juntas that had forced the French to leave Spain had sworn by the liberal Constitution of 1812, Ferdinand VII openly believe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Isabella Of Castile: Encyclopedia Ii - Isabella Of Castile - Isabella And Contemporay Politics And Religion
In the twentieth century, the regime of Francisco Franco claimed the prestige of the Catholic Monarchs. As a result, Isabella was despise...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Isabella Of Castile: Encyclopedia Ii - Isabella Of Castile - Influence
Isabella and her husband established a highly effective coregency under equal terms. They utilized a prenuptial agreement to lay down the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Isabella Of Castile: Encyclopedia Ii - Isabella Of Castile - Later Years
Isabella, a very religious person, received with her husband the title of Catholic monarch by Pope Alexander VI, a pope of whose seculari...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Isabella Of Castile: Encyclopedia Ii - Isabella Of Castile - Early Years
Isabella was born in Madrigal de las Altas Torres on April 22, 1451. Her brother Alfonso was born three years later. When her father, Joh...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Isabella Of Castile: Encyclopedia Ii - Isabella Of Castile - Isabella In Fiction
Ferdinand and Isabella appear in Lope de Vega's play Fuente Ovejuna (c. 1611), represnted positively as supporters of a group of villager...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lucrezia Borgia: Encyclopedia Ii - Lucrezia Borgia - Affair With Perotto
There has been speculation that during the prolonged process of the annulment, Lucrezia consummated a relationship with someone, probably...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope - Objections To The Papacy
The pope's position as Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church is dogmatic and therefore not open to debate or dispute within the Roman C...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Niccolò Machiavelli: Encyclopedia Ii - Niccolò Machiavelli - Machiavellianism
Machiavellianism is the term some social and personality psychologists use to describe a person's tendency to deceive and manipulate the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Niccolò Machiavelli: Encyclopedia Ii - Niccolò Machiavelli - Background
Machiavelli was born in Florence, the second son of Bernardo di Niccolò Machiavelli and his wife Bartolommea di Stefano Nelli. His fathe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lucrezia Borgia: Encyclopedia Ii - Lucrezia Borgia - Other Marriages
Second Marriage Alfonso V of Aragon (Duke of Bisceglie). Though at his first meeting with Alfonso, before the marriage took place, Cesare...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Isabella Of Castile: Encyclopedia Ii - Isabella Of Castile - Genealogy
Isabella was great-great-granddaughter of both Henry II of Castile and his half-brother Peter I of Castile and their respective wives (Jo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Isabella Of Castile: Encyclopedia Ii - Isabella Of Castile - Name
The Castilian version of her name was Ysabel or Isabel, which traces etymologically to Hebrew Elishabaoth or 'Elizabeth'). Outside of Spa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Buttevant: Encyclopedia Ii - Buttevant - Miscelllaneous
The steeplechase originated in 1752 as a result of a horse race from the steeple of Buttevant Protestant church to that of Doneraile, 4 m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Spain - Napoleonic Wars: War Of Spanish Independence 1808-1814
Spain initially sided against France in the Napoleonic Wars, but the defeat of her army early in the war led to Charles IV's pragmatic de...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Spain - The Enlightenment: Spain Under The Bourbons 18th Century
Philip V, the first Bourbon king, of French origin, signed the Decreto de Nueva Planta in 1715, a new law that revoked most of the histor...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Spain - Spain Under The Habsburgs 16th-17th Centuries
Spain's powerful world empire of the great 16th and 17th centuries reached its height and declined under the Habsburgs. The Spanish Empir...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Spain - First Spanish Republic 1873-1874
Following the Hidalgo affair, Amadeus famously declared the people of Spain to be ungovernable, and fled the country. In his absence, a g...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Spain - The Restoration 1874-1931
Although the former queen, Isabella II was still alive, she recognized that she was too divisive as a leader, and abdicated in 1870 in fa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Spain - Spain Since 1978
Spain 1978-1982 The Unión del Centro Democrático governments. 1981 The 23-F coup d'état attempt. On February 23 Antonio Tejero, with m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Spain - The Dictatorship Of Francisco Franco 1936-1975
Spain remained officially neutral in World Wars I and II, but suffered through a devastating Civil War (1936-39). During Franco's rule, S...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Spain - Spanish Civil War 1936-1939
In the 1930s, Spanish politics were polarized at the left and right of the political spectrum. The left wing favoured class struggle, lan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Spain - Second Spanish Republic 1931-1939
Under the Second Spanish Republic, women were allowed to vote in general elections for the first time. The Republic devolved substantial ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spanish Inquisition: Encyclopedia Ii - Spanish Inquisition - Context
In the 15th century, Spain was not a single state but a confederation of realms, each with their own administrations, such as the Crown o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spanish Inquisition: Encyclopedia Ii - Spanish Inquisition - Death Tolls
Numbers are difficult to establish with accuracy for the Spanish Inquistion, and there is an ongoing debate between recent historical res...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Order Of Christ Portugal: Encyclopedia Ii - Order Of Christ Portugal - Suppression Of The Templars – Birth Of The Order Of Christ
After the Templar order's suppression by Pope Clement in 1312, King Denis set about creating a new order for the displaced knights in his...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Order Of Christ Portugal: Encyclopedia Ii - Order Of Christ Portugal - The Order Of Christ Under Henry The Navigator
After 1417, by King John I of Portugal's request to the Pope, Prince Henry the Navigator (1417–1465) became the order's Grand Master. P...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Honours Of Scotland: Encyclopedia Ii - Honours Of Scotland - The Crown Of Scotland
The Crown of Scotland in its present form dates from 1540 when James V ordered the Edinburgh goldsmith John Mosman to refashion the origi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jubilee Christian: Encyclopedia Ii - Jubilee Christian - The First Christian Jubilee
It is beyond all dispute that on February 22, 1300, Boniface published the Bull "Antiquorum fida relatio", in which, appealing vaguely th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Assassinated People: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Assassinated People - Assassinations In Europe
List of assassinated people - Austria. Karl von Stürgkh, (1916), Prime Minister of Austria Franz Birnecker, (1923), Austrian labour r...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Order Of Christ Portugal: Encyclopedia Ii - Order Of Christ Portugal - The Order Of Christ After Henry The Navigator's Command
Prince Henry was succeeded in the governorship of the Order by Prince Ferdinand, son of King Edward I, who died in 1470. In 1484, Emmanue...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Order Of Christ Portugal: Encyclopedia Ii - Order Of Christ Portugal - The Secularization Of The Order
Pius VI (1789) and the Queen Mary made the last attempt to reform the order. This reform made the convent of Tomar once again the headqua...   » Read the article