Pope Adrian I

A tithe (from Old English teogotha "tenth") is a one-tenth part of something, paid as a voluntary contribution or as a tax or levy, usually to support a Jewish or Christian religious organization. Today, tithes (or tithing) are normally voluntary and paid in cash, checks, or stocks, whereas historically tithes could be paid in kind, such as agricultural products. There are still European countries today that allow some churches to assess a mandatory tithe which is enforced by law. Tithe - Tithing in the Bib ...

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• Tithe - Tithing in the Bible
• Tithe - Old Testament origins
• Tithe - Tithing in the New Testament
• Tithe - Governmental collection of religious offerings
• Tithe - England
• Tithe - France
• Tithe - Germany
• Tithe - Ireland
• Tithe - Denmark
• Tithe - Sweden
• Tithe - Austria
• Tithe - Switzerland
• Tithe - Finland
• Tithe - United States

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December 25 is the 359th day of the year (360th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 6 days remaining. December 25 - Events. 274 - Roman emperor Aurelianus has a temple dedicated to Sol Invictus on the supposed day of the solstice and day of rebirth of the Sun. 800 - Coronation of Charlemagne as Holy Roman Emperor, in Rome. 1000 - Coronation of St. Stephen at Esztergom, held to be the founding day of the Hungarian Nation. 1066 - Coron ...

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• December 25 - Events
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• December 25 - Holidays and observances

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795 - Events. Leo III becomes pope Earliest recorded Viking raid on Ireland. Places attacked include Iona, Inisbofin and Inismurray. 795 - Births. 795 - Deaths. December 25 - Pope Adrian I Category: 795 ...

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• 795 - Events
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Events Pope Adrian I succeeds Pope Stephen IV. Adrian I turns to Charlemagne for support against king Desiderius of the Lombards. Charlemagne starts fighting the Saxons. Offa of Mercia conquers Sussex (approximate date). Births Bai Ju Yi, Chinese poet Deaths January 24: Pope Stephen IV (b. 720) Category: 772 ...

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The chief authorities for the Gallican Mass are the letters of St. Germanus of Paris (555-576); and by a comparison of these with the extant Sacramentaries, not only of Gaul but of the Celtic Rite, with the Irish tracts on the Mass, with the books of the still existing Mozarabic Rite, and with the descriptions of the Spanish Mass given by St. Isidore, one may arrive at a fairly clear general idea of the service, though there exists no Gallican Ordinary of the Mass and no Antiphoner. Mgr. Duchesne, in his "Origines du Cult chrétien", has giv ...

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Gallican rite, Gallican rite - History and Origin, Gallican rite - Ephesine theory, Gallican rite - Ambrosian theory, Gallican rite - Roman theory, Gallican rite - Summary of origins, Gallican rite - Later History of the Gallician Rite, Gallican rite - Other uses of the name Gallician, Gallican rite - Manuscripts and Other Sources, Gallican rite - The Liturgical Year, Gallican rite - The Divine Office, Gallican rite - The Mass, Gallican rite - The Occassional Services, Gallican rite - The Baptismal Service., Gallican rite - Ordination Service, Gallican rite - The Consecration of a Church

Read more here: » Gallican rite: Encyclopedia II - Gallican rite - The Mass

At Wall, 3 miles to the south of the present city, there was a Romano-British village called Letocetum (from the Celtic for "grey wood"), from which the first half of the name Lichfield is derived. It was based on a Roman fort next to Watling Street which was used in the first centuries AD, until about AD 160-170, when the fort's mansio was destroyed by fire at the same time the forum in Wroxeter was also destroyed by fire. This suggests a revolt of the local British. The history of Lichfield in the following centuries is obscure. The ...

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Lichfield, Lichfield - History, Lichfield - Economy, Lichfield - Famous Lichfeldians, Lichfield - Places of interest, Lichfield - Other items of interest, Lichfield - Twinnings, Lichfield - Links

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Ludger's parents, Thiadgrim and Liafburg, were wealthy Christian Frisians of noble descent. In 753 Ludger saw the great Apostle of Germany, Saint Boniface, which, together with the subsequent martyrdom of the saint, made a deep impression on him. At his own request he was sent to the Utrecht Cathedral School (Martinsstift), founded by Saint Gregory of Utrecht in 756 or 757, and made good progress. In 767 Gregory, who did not wish to receive episcopal consecration himself, sent Alubert, who had come from England to assist ...

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Ludger, Ludger - Early Life to Ordination, Ludger - The Netherlands, Ludger - Westphalia and Saxony, Ludger - Later life, Ludger - Death and relics, Ludger - Veneration, Ludger - Literature

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While the liturgy used during the period of Islamic rule was very much like that to which St. Isidore put some finishing touches in the 7th century, during Islamic rule the pastors took more care, where practice of Christianity was permitted, to address the faithful during the Mass. The Bible was translated into Arabic during this period as well, and the liturgy was celebrated in Arabic. The Mozarabic mass is longer in duration than that of the Roman rite. Imagery and ceremony are used extensively; its great beauty is shown in the sup ...

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Mozarabic rite, Mozarabic rite - Divergence of early Catholic rites, Mozarabic rite - Visigoths in Spain, Mozarabic rite - Muslims in Spain, Mozarabic rite - Christianity restored in Spain, Mozarabic rite - Gallican Mozarabic and Roman rite connections, Mozarabic rite - Preservation and relevance of the Mozarabic rite, Mozarabic rite - Mozarabic rite a lesson in evolution of rites, Mozarabic rite - Character of Mozarabic rite, Mozarabic rite - External link

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The origins of Ravenna are uncertain. The first settlement is variously attributed to the Tyrrhenians, the Thessalians, or the Umbrians. Ravenna consisted of houses built on piles on a series of small islands in a marshy lagoon - a situation similar to Venice several centuries later. The Romans ignored it during their conquest of the Po River Delta, but later accepted it as a federated town into the Roman Empire in 89 BC. In 49 BC, it was the location where Julius Caesar gathered his forces before crossing the Rubicon. Later, after his battl ...

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Ravenna, Ravenna - Early history, Ravenna - Exarchate of Ravenna, Ravenna - Medieval and Modern history, Ravenna - Sights

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The practice of regular tithes was not established until after Exodus. Tithes were common throughout the ancient Near East, as well as in Lydia, Arabia, and Carthage. Tithes were not adopted by the Christian church for over seven centuries. Although rejected, they were mentioned in councils at Tours in 567 and at Mâcon in 585. They were formally recognized under Pope Adrian I in 787. Tithing in Christian churches today is frequently preached from the pulpit, but denominations and sects view tithing differently. As tithing was only a ...

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Tithe, Tithe - Tithing in the Bible, Tithe - Old Testament origins, Tithe - Tithing in the New Testament, Tithe - Governmental collection of religious offerings, Tithe - England, Tithe - France, Tithe - Germany, Tithe - Ireland, Tithe - Denmark, Tithe - Sweden, Tithe - Austria, Tithe - Switzerland, Tithe - Finland, Tithe - United States

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The Lombards, under King Liutprand, occupied Ravenna in 712, but were forced to return it to the Byzantines. However, in 751 the Lombard king Aistulf succeeded in conquering Ravenna, thus ending Byzantine rule in northern Italy. King Pepin of France attacked the Lombards under orders of Pope Stephen II. Ravenna then became territory of the Papal States in 784. In return, Pope Adrian I authorized King Charlemagne to take away anything from Ravenna that he liked. Charlemagne made three looting expeditions to Ravenna, removing a vast quantity of Roman columns, mosaics, statues an ...

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Ravenna, Ravenna - Early history, Ravenna - Exarchate of Ravenna, Ravenna - Medieval and Modern history, Ravenna - Sights

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In 793 Charlemagne wished to make Ludger Bishop of Trier, but he declined, while declaring himself willing to undertake the evangelization of the Saxons. Charlemagne accepted the offer, and North-western Saxony was thus added to Ludger's missionary field. The monastery of St. Ludger's Abbey at Helmstedt was founded as part of his missionary activity in this part of Germany. To meet necessary expenses the income of the Abbey of Leuze, in the present Belgian province of Hainault, was given him, and he was told to pick hi ...

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Ludger, Ludger - Early Life to Ordination, Ludger - The Netherlands, Ludger - Westphalia and Saxony, Ludger - Later life, Ludger - Death and relics, Ludger - Veneration, Ludger - Literature

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The successive Vitae, beginning with the serious contemporary biographical work of Altfrid and passing through the Vita Secunda and Vita Tertia to the Libellus Monasteriensis de miraculis sancti Liudgeri (The Little Book of Münster on the Miracles of Saint Ludger) of c 1170, demonstrate the growth of the legend. Votive practice in Münster seems to have focussed on a very large and elaborate cross containing a number of relics of the saint. The cult seems to have remained mostly local, and largely to ...

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Ludger, Ludger - Early Life to Ordination, Ludger - The Netherlands, Ludger - Westphalia and Saxony, Ludger - Later life, Ludger - Death and relics, Ludger - Veneration, Ludger - Literature

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On Passion Sunday 809, Ludger heard mass at Coesfeld early in the morning and preached, then went to Billerbeck, where at nine o'clock he again preached, and said his last mass. That evening he died peacefully in the company of his followers. A dispute arose between Münster and Werden for the possession of his body. His brother Hildegrim was appealed to, and after consultation with the Emperor, decided in favour of Werden, where the relics still remain. Portions have however since been brough ...

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Ludger, Ludger - Early Life to Ordination, Ludger - The Netherlands, Ludger - Westphalia and Saxony, Ludger - Later life, Ludger - Death and relics, Ludger - Veneration, Ludger - Literature

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At the request of Charlemagne, Ludger received episcopal consecration, from Hildebold, Archbishop of Cologne, on 30 March 805. His principal concern was to have a good and efficient clergy. To a great extent he educated his students personally, and generally took some of them on his missionary tours. It was said of him that his peaceful methods were far more effective in promoting Christianity than the aggressive tactics of Charlemagne. He was criticised during his life for spending money on alms that should have gone towards the ornamentation of his churches suffered thereby, but was able to convinc ...

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Ludger, Ludger - Early Life to Ordination, Ludger - The Netherlands, Ludger - Westphalia and Saxony, Ludger - Later life, Ludger - Death and relics, Ludger - Veneration, Ludger - Literature

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After Ludger had been ordained at Cologne on 7 July 777 the missions of Ostergau (or Ostracha, i.e., East Frisia) were committed to his charge, of which missions Dokkum, the place of the martyrdom of Saint Boniface, was made the centre. Every autumn however he came back to Utrecht to teach at the cathedral school. He worked in this way for about seven years, until Widukind in 784 persuaded the Frisians to drive out the missionaries, burn the churches, and return to the paga ...

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Ludger, Ludger - Early Life to Ordination, Ludger - The Netherlands, Ludger - Westphalia and Saxony, Ludger - Later life, Ludger - Death and relics, Ludger - Veneration, Ludger - Literature

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In the Middle Ages the main industry in Lichfield was making woollen cloth. There was also a leather industry in Lichfield. By the end of the 19th Century, brewing was the principal industry, and in the neighbourhood were large market gardens. Today there are a number of light industrial areas predominantly in the east of the city, not dominated by any one particular industry. The district is famous for two local products: Armitage Shanks, manufacturers of baths/bidets and showers, and Arthur Price of England, master cutlers and silversmiths. ...

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Lichfield, Lichfield - History, Lichfield - Economy, Lichfield - Famous Lichfeldians, Lichfield - Places of interest, Lichfield - Other items of interest, Lichfield - Twinnings, Lichfield - Links

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The name Gallican Rite is given to the rite which prevailed in Gaul from the earliest times of which we have any information until about the middle or end of the eighth century. There is no information before the fifth century and very little then; and throughout the whole period there was, to judge by existing documents and descriptions, so much diversity that, though the general outlines of the rite were of the same pattern, the name must not be taken to imply more than a very moderate amount of homogeneity. The Rite of Spain, fairly widel ...

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Gallican rite, Gallican rite - History and Origin, Gallican rite - Ephesine theory, Gallican rite - Ambrosian theory, Gallican rite - Roman theory, Gallican rite - Summary of origins, Gallican rite - Later History of the Gallician Rite, Gallican rite - Other uses of the name Gallician, Gallican rite - Manuscripts and Other Sources, Gallican rite - The Liturgical Year, Gallican rite - The Divine Office, Gallican rite - The Mass, Gallican rite - The Occassional Services, Gallican rite - The Baptismal Service., Gallican rite - Ordination Service, Gallican rite - The Consecration of a Church

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Tithe - England. The right to receive tithes was granted to the English churches by King Ethelwulf in 855. The Saladin tithe was a royal tax, but assessed using ecclesiastical boundaries, in 1188. Tithes were given legal force by the Statute of Westminster of 1285. Adam Smith criticised the system in The Wealth of Nations (1776), arguing that a fixed rent would encourage peasants to farm more efficiently. The Dissolution of the Monasteries led to the transfer of many tithe rights from the Church to secular ...

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Tithe, Tithe - Tithing in the Bible, Tithe - Old Testament origins, Tithe - Tithing in the New Testament, Tithe - Governmental collection of religious offerings, Tithe - England, Tithe - France, Tithe - Germany, Tithe - Ireland, Tithe - Denmark, Tithe - Sweden, Tithe - Austria, Tithe - Switzerland, Tithe - Finland, Tithe - United States

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There are no manuscripts (MSS.) of the Gallican Rite earlier than the later part of the seventh century, thought the descriptions in the letters of St. Germanus of Paris (555-76) take one back another century. The MSS. are:-- The Reichenau Fragments (Carlsruhe, 253), described (no. 8) in Delisle's "Memoire sur d'anciens Sacramentaires." -- These were discovered by Mone in 1850 in a palimpsest MS. from the Abbey of Rerichenau in the library of Carlsruhe. The MS., which is late seventh century, had belonged to John II, Bishop of C ...

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Gallican rite, Gallican rite - History and Origin, Gallican rite - Ephesine theory, Gallican rite - Ambrosian theory, Gallican rite - Roman theory, Gallican rite - Summary of origins, Gallican rite - Later History of the Gallician Rite, Gallican rite - Other uses of the name Gallician, Gallican rite - Manuscripts and Other Sources, Gallican rite - The Liturgical Year, Gallican rite - The Divine Office, Gallican rite - The Mass, Gallican rite - The Occassional Services, Gallican rite - The Baptismal Service., Gallican rite - Ordination Service, Gallican rite - The Consecration of a Church

Read more here: » Gallican rite: Encyclopedia II - Gallican rite - Manuscripts and Other Sources