polymath

Charles Sanders Santiago Peirce (pronounced purse), (September 10, 1839, Cambridge, Massachusetts – April 19, 1914, Milford, Pennsylvania) was an American polymath. Although educated as a chemist and employed as a scientist for 30 years, he is now mostly seen as a philosopher. He is the greatest American builder of architectonic systems, and his admirers deem him the most important systemat ...

Including:

• Charles Peirce - Life
• Charles Peirce - Reception
• Charles Peirce - Works
• Charles Peirce - Peirce's philosophy
• Charles Peirce - Pragmatism
• Charles Peirce - Scholastic realism
• Charles Peirce - Formal perspective
• Charles Peirce - Dynamics of representation
• Charles Peirce - Normative sciences
• Charles Peirce - Parallels with Leibniz
• Charles Peirce - Bibliography
• Charles Peirce - Primary literature
• Charles Peirce - Secondary literature

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The body mass index (BMI) is a calculated number, based on height and weight, used to compare and analyse the health effects of body weight on human bodies of all heights. It was developed by the Belgian polymath Adolphe Quetelet in the course of working out his system of "social physics", between 1830 and 1850 (and is therefore also known as the Quetelet Index). It is equal to the weight, div ...

Including:

• Body mass index - A statistical device
• Body mass index - BMI in practice
• Body mass index - Clinical uses
• Body mass index - BMI thresholds
• Body mass index - Concerns about BMI
• Body mass index - Recommended BMI thresholds
• Body mass index - Notes

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John von Neumann (Neumann János) (December 28, 1903 – February 8, 1957) was a Jewish Hungarian-born mathematician and polymath who made important contributions in quantum physics, functional analysis, set theory, computer science, economics and many other mathematical fields. Most notably, von Neumann was a pioneer of the modern digital computer and the application of operator theory to quantum mechanics (see Von Neumann algebra), member of the Manhattan Project Team, creator of game theory and the concept of cellular automata. ...

Including:

• John von Neumann - Biography
• John von Neumann - Logic
• John von Neumann - Quantum Mechanics
• John von Neumann - Economics
• John von Neumann - Armaments
• John von Neumann - Computer Science
• John von Neumann - Politics and Social Affairs
• John von Neumann - Honors
• John von Neumann - Students

Read more here: » John von Neumann: Encyclopedia - John von Neumann

Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (October 22, 1783-September 18, 1840) was a nineteenth-century polymath who led a chaotic life. Many would call him a genius, but also an eccentric, sometimes close to insanity. He was very successful in various fields of knowledge; zoologist, botanist, malacologist, meteorologist, writer, evolutionist, polyglot, translator. He wrote prolifically on such diverse topics as anthropology, biology, geology, and linguistics; but was honored in none during his lifetime. ...

Including:

• Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz - Selected works
• Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz - Reference

Read more here: » Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz: Encyclopedia - Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz

Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius1 (AD 480 - 524 or 525) was a Christian philosopher of the 6th century. He was born in Rome to an important family – many of his ancestors had been consuls, including his father Fl. Manlius Boethius in 487 – but he served as an official for the kingdom of the Ostrogoths. In 522 he also saw his two sons become consuls, but he was later executed by King Theodoric the Great on suspicion of having conspired with the Byzantine Empire. < ...

Including:

• Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius - Early life
• Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius - Late life
• Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius - Works
• Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius - Modern references
• Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius - Notes

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Like the vast supercontinent Eurasia, the culture of Asia is the aggregate of the cultural heritage of many nationalities, societies, religions, and ethnic groups in Asia. The continent is often divided into geographic and cultural subregions, including the Caucasus, Central Asia, East Asia, South Asia (the "Indian subcontinent"), North Asia, and Southeast Asia. (Southwest Asia and the Middle East are often considered geographically but not culturally Asian). Asian cultures also range ...

Including:

• Culture of Asia - Nationalities and ethnic groups
• Culture of Asia - Architecture
• Culture of Asia - Art
• Culture of Asia - Visual arts
• Culture of Asia - Performing arts
• Culture of Asia - Mythology and folklore
• Culture of Asia - Languages
• Culture of Asia - Literature
• Culture of Asia - Classical
• Culture of Asia - Modern
• Culture of Asia - Philosophy
• Culture of Asia - Religions
• Culture of Asia - Festivals & celebrations
• Culture of Asia - Food & drink
• Culture of Asia - Culture by people
• Culture of Asia - Notes

Read more here: » Culture of Asia: Encyclopedia - Culture of Asia

Cryptanalysis (from the Greek kryptós, "hidden", and analýein, "to loosen" or "to untie") is the study of methods for obtaining the meaning of encrypted information, without access to the secret information which is normally required to do so. Typically, this involves finding the secret key. In non-technical language, this is the practice of codebreaking or cracking the code, although these phrases a ...

Including:

• Cryptanalysis - History of cryptanalysis
• Cryptanalysis - Classical cryptanalysis
• Cryptanalysis - Modern cryptanalysis
• Cryptanalysis - The results of cryptanalysis
• Cryptanalysis - Characterising attacks
• Cryptanalysis - Prior knowledge: scenarios for cryptanalysis
• Cryptanalysis - Classifying success in cryptanalysis
• Cryptanalysis - Complexity
• Cryptanalysis - Cryptanalysis of asymmetric cryptography
• Cryptanalysis - Quantum computing applications for cryptanalysis
• Cryptanalysis - Methods of cryptanalysis

Read more here: » Cryptanalysis: Encyclopedia - Cryptanalysis

The Accademia dei Lincei, (literally the "Academy of the Lynxes", but also known as the Lincean Academy), is located at the Palazzo Corsini on the Via della Lungara in Rome, Italy. As the oldest Italian academy, it has been the official scientific academy of Italy since 1871. At its foundation in Rome 1603 by Federico Cesi, it was a locus for what was then the ongoing scientific revolution. It is named after the lynx, whose sharp vision was invoked symbolically as characteristic of those dedicated to science. Timel ...

Including:

• Accademia dei Lincei - L'Accademia
• Accademia dei Lincei - Le tre Rinascite dei Lincei
• Accademia dei Lincei - La Reale Accademia dei Lincei
• Accademia dei Lincei - I Lincei e l' Accademia d'Italia
• Accademia dei Lincei - L'Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei

Read more here: » Accademia dei Lincei: Encyclopedia - Accademia dei Lincei

Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (also Leibnitz) (July 1 (June 21 Old Style) 1646, Leipzig – November 14, 1716, Hanover) was a German polymath, deemed a genius in his lifetime and since, and the last true polyhistor. Trained as a lawyer and active as a diplomat and librarian, he wrote on philosophy, science, mathematics, theology, history, and comparative philology, even writing verse. Through his service to two major German noble houses, he played a major role in the European ...

Including:

• Gottfried Leibniz - Life
• Gottfried Leibniz - Early life and education
• Gottfried Leibniz - Career
• Gottfried Leibniz - Writings
• Gottfried Leibniz - Posthumous reputation
• Gottfried Leibniz - Philosopher
• Gottfried Leibniz - Metaphysics
• Gottfried Leibniz - Theodicy and optimism
• Gottfried Leibniz - Symbolic thought
• Gottfried Leibniz - Characteristica Universalis Universal characteristic and Calculus Ratiocinator
• Gottfried Leibniz - Formal logic
• Gottfried Leibniz - Mathematician
• Gottfried Leibniz - Topology
• Gottfried Leibniz - The dispute over who first invented the calculus
• Gottfried Leibniz - Science and technology
• Gottfried Leibniz - The vis viva
• Gottfried Leibniz - Information technology
• Gottfried Leibniz - Philology
• Gottfried Leibniz - The Sinophile
• Gottfried Leibniz - Works
• Gottfried Leibniz - Secondary literature
• Gottfried Leibniz - Quotes

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Bhoj was a great philosopher king and polymath of medieval India. He ruled the kingdom of Malwa in central India from about 1010 to 1060. He was from the Paramara dynasty of Rajputs, who ruled Malwa from the mid-tenth century to about 1200. His extensive writings cover philosophy, poetry, medicine, veterinary science, phonetics, yoga, and archery. Under his rule, Malwa and its capital Dhar became one of the chief intellectual centers of India. King Bhoj, together with the Solanki king Bhima of Gujarat (Anhilwara), rebuilt the temple a ...

Including:

• Bhoj - Also see

Read more here: » Bhoj: Encyclopedia - Bhoj

Rabindranath Tagore (IPA: /rə'bɪndrəˌnät tə'gôr/, /'täkur/; Bangla: রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর, transliteration: Robindronath Ţhakur; May 7, 1861 – August 7, 1941) was a Bengali poet, Brahmo (reformed Hindu) philosopher, artist, dramatist, musician, novelist, and songwriter who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913, becoming the first Asian Nobel laureate. Tagore, also known as Gurudev, revolutionized Bengali literature with such works as The Home and the Wor ...

Including:

• Rabindranath Tagore - Biography
• Rabindranath Tagore - Early life
• Rabindranath Tagore - Life at Shelaidaha
• Rabindranath Tagore - Life at Santiniketan
• Rabindranath Tagore - Literature
• Rabindranath Tagore - Short stories
• Rabindranath Tagore - Drama
• Rabindranath Tagore - Poetry
• Rabindranath Tagore - Music
• Rabindranath Tagore - Novels
• Rabindranath Tagore - Partial bibliography
• Rabindranath Tagore - Notes

Read more here: » Rabindranath Tagore: Encyclopedia - Rabindranath Tagore

The Voynich manuscript is a mysterious illustrated book of unknown contents, written some 600 years ago by an anonymous author in an unidentified alphabet and unintelligible language. Over its recorded existence, the Voynich manuscript has been the object of intense study by many professional and amateur cryptographers — including some top American and British codebreakers of World War II fame — who all failed to decipher a single word. This string of failures has turned the Voynich manuscript into the Holy Grail of histori ...

Including:

• Voynich manuscript - Description
• Voynich manuscript - Illustrations
• Voynich manuscript - The text
• Voynich manuscript - History
• Voynich manuscript - Theories about authorship
• Voynich manuscript - Roger Bacon
• Voynich manuscript - John Dee
• Voynich manuscript - Edward Kelley
• Voynich manuscript - Wilfrid Voynich
• Voynich manuscript - Jacobus Sinapius
• Voynich manuscript - Jan Marci
• Voynich manuscript - Raphael Mnishovsky
• Voynich manuscript - Anthony Ascham
• Voynich manuscript - Theories about contents and purpose
• Voynich manuscript - Herbal
• Voynich manuscript - Sunflowers
• Voynich manuscript - Alchemy
• Voynich manuscript - Alchemical herbal
• Voynich manuscript - Astrological herbal
• Voynich manuscript - Microscopes and telescopes
• Voynich manuscript - Multiple authors
• Voynich manuscript - Theories about the language
• Voynich manuscript - Letter-based cipher
• Voynich manuscript - Codebook cipher
• Voynich manuscript - Visual cipher
• Voynich manuscript - Micrography
• Voynich manuscript - Steganography
• Voynich manuscript - Exotic natural language
• Voynich manuscript - Polyglot tongue
• Voynich manuscript - Constructed language
• Voynich manuscript - Hoax
• Voynich manuscript - Influence on popular culture

Read more here: » Voynich manuscript: Encyclopedia - Voynich manuscript

The Kingdom of Denmark (Danish: Kongeriget Danmark) is geographically the smallest and southernmost Nordic country, and is part of the European Union. It is located at 56°00′00″N, 10°00′00″E in Scandinavia which is in northern Europe, but it does not lie on the Scandinavian Peninsula. Denmark borders the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, and consists of a peninsula attached to Northern Germany named Jutland (Jylland), the islands ...

Including:

• Denmark - History
• Denmark - Politics and government
• Denmark - Counties
• Denmark - Geography
• Denmark - Economy
• Denmark - Demographics
• Denmark - Culture
• Denmark - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Denmark: Encyclopedia - Denmark

André-Marie Ampère (January 20, 1775 – June 10, 1836), was a French physicist who is generally credited as one of the main discoverers of electromagnetism. The ampere unit of measurement of electric current is named after him. André-Marie Ampère - Early days. Ampère was born in Lyon, near his father's country house in Poleymieux and, as a child prodigy, took a passionate delight in the pursuit of knowledge from his very infancy, and is reported to have worked out long arithmetical sums by means of pe ...

Including:

• André-Marie Ampère - Early days
• André-Marie Ampère - Contributions to physics and further studies
• André-Marie Ampère - Legacy and final days

Read more here: » André-Marie Ampère: Encyclopedia - André-Marie Ampère

Cryptography List of cryptographers - Pre-computer. Charles Babbage, UK, 19th century mathematician who, about the time of the Crimean War, secretly developed an effective attack against polyalphabetic substitution ciphers. His development was published independently a few years later by Friedrich Kasiski, a Prussian officer. Babbage also designed, and had partially built, the first programmable digital computer, the Analytical Engine. He first designed and had partially bui ...

Including:

• List of cryptographers - Pre-19th century
• List of cryptographers - Pre-computer
• List of cryptographers - Modern
• List of cryptographers - External link

Read more here: » List of cryptographers: Encyclopedia - List of cryptographers

A genius is a person with distinguished mental prowess. This can manifest either as a foremost intellect, or as an outstanding creative talent. The term also applies to one who is a polymath, or someone skilled in many mental areas. The term specifically applies to mental rather than athletic skills, although it is also colloquially used to denote the possession of a superior talent in any field; e.g., Pelé may be said to have a genius for football or Gandhi for diplomacy. Genius - Etymology. In Ancient Ro ...

Including:

• Genius - Etymology
• Genius - Gifted
• Genius - Limitations
• Genius - In philosophy
• Genius - Pluralization

Read more here: » Genius: Encyclopedia - Genius

Judo (Japanese: 柔道, jūdō; "gentle way") is a martial art, sport, and philosophy originated in Japan. Judo was developed from Jujutsu, and was founded by Dr. Jigoro Kano (嘉納治五郎) in 1882. The sport became the model of the modern Japanese martial arts, gendai budo, developed from old koryu schools. Practitioners of Judo are called judokas. Judo - History and philosophy. The early history of Judo and that of its founder, Japanese polymath and educator Kano Jigoro (surname fi ...

Including:

• Judo - History and philosophy
• Judo - Judo's Theory of Combat
• Judo - Uniform
• Judo - Techniques
• Judo - Gradings
• Judo - Styles
• Judo - Sport
• Judo - Sport and beyond
• Judo - Organization

Read more here: » Judo: Encyclopedia - Judo

On his arrival in Russia he rapidly rose to distinction, and was made professor of chemistry in the University of St. Petersburg, where he ultimately became rector. Eager to improve Russian education, Lomonosov was engaged in founding the Moscow State University (later named after him) in 1755. In 1764 Lomonosov was appointed to the position of a secretary of state. As a scientist Lomonosov rejected the phlogiston theory of matter commonly accepted at the time, and anticipated the kinetic theory of gases. He regarded heat as a form of ...

See also:

Mikhail Lomonosov, Mikhail Lomonosov - From peasant to scholar, Mikhail Lomonosov - Foreign education, Mikhail Lomonosov - His achievements

Read more here: » Mikhail Lomonosov: Encyclopedia II - Mikhail Lomonosov - His achievements

Michael was born into a Jewish family in Budapest. His older brother Karl become a famous economist. Their father was an engineer and entrepreneur whose volatile fortunes in railway speculation motivated Polanyi to seek financial stability through a career in medicine. He graduated in 1913, and shortly afterwards served as a physician in the Austro-Hungarian army during World War I, but was hospitalised, and during his convalescence wrote what became a doctorate in physical chem ...

See also:

Michael Polanyi, Michael Polanyi - Early life, Michael Polanyi - Physical chemistry, Michael Polanyi - Philosophy of science, Michael Polanyi - Economics, Michael Polanyi - Honours, Michael Polanyi - Knowledge, Michael Polanyi - Bibliography

Read more here: » Michael Polanyi: Encyclopedia II - Michael Polanyi - Early life

Madhya Pradesh represents great river basins and the watersheds of a number of rivers. Catchments of many rivers of India are lying in Madhya Pradesh. The Narmada and Tapti rivers and their basins divide the state in two, with the northern part draining largely into the Ganga basin and the southern part into the Godavari and Mahanadi systems. The Vindhyas form the southern boundary of the Ganga basin, with the western part of the Ganga basin draining into the Yamuna and the eastern part directly into the Ganga itself. All the rivers, which d ...

See also:

Madhya Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh - Geography, Madhya Pradesh - Agro-climatic zones, Madhya Pradesh - Districts, Madhya Pradesh - Rivers of Madhya Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh - The forests, Madhya Pradesh - Forest area, Madhya Pradesh - Forest composition, Madhya Pradesh - Forest growing stock, Madhya Pradesh - History, Madhya Pradesh - Ancient, Madhya Pradesh - Medieval, Madhya Pradesh - Modern, Madhya Pradesh - After Indian independence, Madhya Pradesh - Heritage and architecture, Madhya Pradesh - Natural areas, Madhya Pradesh - Culture, Madhya Pradesh - Languages

Read more here: » Madhya Pradesh: Encyclopedia II - Madhya Pradesh - Rivers of Madhya Pradesh