Definition and meaning of polyandry:

polyandry - a female mating with more than one male

(Source: US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) )

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Polyandry, Polyandry - Definition, Polyandry - Occurrence, Polyandry - Controversy, Polyandry - Causes, Polyandry - Sociobiology

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The term has been taken over into sociobiology, where it refers, analogously, to a mating system in which one female forms more or less permanent bonds to more than one male. It can take two different forms. In one, typified by the Northern Jacana and some other ground-living birds, the female takes on much the same role as the male in a polygynous species, holding a large territory within which several males build nests, laying eggs in all the nests, and playing little part in parental care. In the other form, typified by the Galapagos Hawk ...

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Polyandry, Polyandry - Definition, Polyandry - Occurrence, Polyandry - Controversy, Polyandry - Causes, Polyandry - Sociobiology

Read more here: » Polyandry: Encyclopedia II - Polyandry - Sociobiology

Hinduism and Polygamy: Hindu view on Polygamy

Polygamy and polyandry were prevalent In ancient India, but it is doubtful whether they were ever popular in the public opinion. It was practiced mostly by the warrior castes and rich merchants. Many Hindu gods are also depicted as polygamous, with two or more wives. The goddesses are not actually wives in the physical sense but pure universal energies who assist their gods to maintain dharma (good order) in the universe. They do not possess physical bodies, though they can appear in human form if they want to. Present day Hindus consider both polygamy and polyandry primitive and archaic, remnants of an old society that still haunt the lives of a few unfortunate victims. In India Hindus acknowledge polygamy as both illegal and immoral. 

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Marriage is a relationship between individuals which has formed the foundation of the family for most societies. Marriage can include legal, social, and religious elements. In western societies, marriage has traditionally been understood as social contract between a man (husband) and a woman (wife), while in other parts of the world polygamy has been the most common form of marriage, usually in the form of polygyny (a man taking several wives) but occasionally in the form of polyandry (a woman taking several husbands). In some western ...

Including:

• Marriage - Definitions
• Marriage - Types of marriages
• Marriage - Western world
• Marriage - Eastern world
• Marriage - Polygamy monogamy and polyandry
• Marriage - Traditional cultures
• Marriage - Marriage today in Belgium The Netherlands Canada Spain
• Marriage - Unique Practices
• Marriage - Recognition
• Marriage - Rights and obligations
• Marriage - Marriage restrictions
• Marriage - Termination
• Marriage - Weddings
• Marriage - Marriage and religion
• Marriage - Marriage and economics
• Marriage - Criticisms of marriage
• Marriage - Pragmatic marriage
• Marriage - Romantic Marriage Vs. Pragmatic Marriage

Read more here: » Marriage: Encyclopedia - Marriage

The term polygamy (literally many marriages in late Greek) is used in related ways in social anthropology and sociobiology. In social anthropology, polygamy is the practice of marriage to more than one spouse simultaneously (as opposed to monogamy where each person has only one spouse at a time). Like monogamy, the term is often used in a de facto sense, applying regardless of whether the relationships are recognised by the state (see marriage for a discussion on the extent to which states can and do recognise poten ...

Including:

• Polygamy - Forms of polygamy
• Polygamy - Related terms
• Polygamy - Bigamy
• Polygamy - Trigamy
• Polygamy - Polyamory
• Polygamy - Poly relationship
• Polygamy - Polygamy worldwide
• Polygamy - Patterns of occurrence
• Polygamy - Polygamy and religion
• Polygamy - Legal situation
• Polygamy - Multiple divorce and marriage for polygamy
• Polygamy - Recent polygamy cases
• Polygamy - Current proponents and opponents
• Polygamy - How polygamists find more spouses
• Polygamy - Mormon fundamentalists - aggregate in communities
• Polygamy - Muslims & traditionalist cultures
• Polygamy - On the Internet - polygamy personals
• Polygamy - Polygamy in fiction
• Polygamy - Bibliography

Read more here: » Polygamy: Encyclopedia - Polygamy

The Toda people are a small pastoral tribe of Southern India who live only on the Nilgiri hills. They can be distinguished by their tall and well-proportioned figures, aquiline noses, long, black, wavy hair, and full beards. Their skin color is a light brown. Their dress consists of a single piece of cloth, which is worn like the plaid of a Scottish highlander. The women cover their whole body with this mantle. Their sole occupation is cattle-herding and dairy-work. They practice polyandry, a practice in which a woman marries all the ...

Including:

• Toda people - History
• Toda people - Mythology
• Toda people - Language
• Toda people - Culture
• Toda people - Lifestyle

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The following is a partial list of lifestyles that can be found in the 21st century. For the purpose of this list, lifestyle is defined as any habits of social relations, consumption, dress, and recreation that are important enough to significantly influence the lives of a sector of the population, and hence can be used as a basis of social classification. List of lifestyles - General. Activism Asceticism Modern Primitivism Back to the land Bibliophilia Including:

• List of lifestyles - General
• List of lifestyles - Income or occupation based lifestyles
• List of lifestyles - Consumption based lifestyles
• List of lifestyles - Lifestyle classifications used in Marketing
• List of lifestyles - Military lifestyles
• List of lifestyles - Sexual lifestyles
• List of lifestyles - Lifestyles based on spiritual or religious preferences

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The Layap are an indigenous people inhabiting the high mountains of northwest Bhutan in the village of Laya, in the Gasa district, at an altitude of 3,850m, just below the Tsendagang peak. They were also formerly called Bjop by the Bhutanese, a condescending term. Their population currently stands at 800. Ethnically related to the Tibetans, they speak a Tibeto-Burman language. Layap - Dress. The dress of the Layap is similar to the Tibetan costume, except for a few differences. While men wear the Bhu ...

Including:

• Layap - Dress
• Layap - Religion
• Layap - Lifestyle
• Layap - External link

Read more here: » Layap: Encyclopedia - Layap

Sex magic (or sex magick) is the use of sex for the purpose of magick, and is thought by many to be the most powerful of all magick. In accordance with most Pagan and Wiccan beliefs, sex magick is not limited to heterosexual individuals. Sex magic - Practice. This branch of magick takes many forms but always involves a preparation of a proper and sacred atmosphere (as with other magick), pre-cleansing of the body and mind, banishment of evil prior to beginning the ritual, focusing upon the ritual/out ...

Including:

• Sex magic - Practice
• Sex magic - Great Rite
• Sex magic - Books on sex magick
• Sex magic - Books on Sex Magick by Aleister Crowley

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Polygamy exists in three specific forms, including polygyny (one man having multiple wives), polyandry (one woman having multiple husbands), or group marriage (some combination of polygyny and polyandry). Historically, all three practices have been found, but polygyny is by far the most common. A notable example of polyandry occurs in Hindu culture in the Mahabharata, where the Pandavas are married to one common wife, Draupadi. Today it is almost exclusively observed in the Toda tribe of India, where it is sometimes the custom for sev ...

See also:

Polygamy, Polygamy - Forms of polygamy, Polygamy - Related terms, Polygamy - Bigamy, Polygamy - Trigamy, Polygamy - Polyamory, Polygamy - Poly relationship, Polygamy - Polygamy worldwide, Polygamy - Patterns of occurrence, Polygamy - Polygamy and religion, Polygamy - Legal situation, Polygamy - Multiple divorce and marriage for polygamy, Polygamy - Recent polygamy cases, Polygamy - Current proponents and opponents, Polygamy - How polygamists find more spouses, Polygamy - Mormon fundamentalists - aggregate in communities, Polygamy - Muslims & traditionalist cultures, Polygamy - On the Internet - polygamy personals, Polygamy - Polygamy in fiction, Polygamy - Bibliography

Read more here: » Polygamy: Encyclopedia II - Polygamy - Forms of polygamy

Polygyny was practiced by Mormons as early as 1833 although the practice was not publicly taught until 1852, some five years after the Mormons came to Utah, and eight years after Smith's death. Smith introduced the doctrine to select individuals, some of whom (such as Brigham Young) were told to take more wives. Some Mormon leaders at the time voiced their objection to the practice and left the Church. Others struggled with their consciences and agreed to the practice only after much prayer. Brigham Young famously said that after the doctrin ...

See also:

Plural marriage, Plural marriage - Origin, Plural marriage - The practice of polygyny, Plural marriage - Joseph Smith's wives, Plural marriage - Polyandry sexual relations and fathering children, Plural marriage - Abandoning the practice, Plural marriage - Fundamentalist beginnings, Plural marriage - Critical views

Read more here: » Plural marriage: Encyclopedia II - Plural marriage - The practice of polygyny

Relinquishment of plural marriage by church members was not universal, however; some did not accept as divinely inspired the pronouncements truncating polygyny, and were either expelled from the church or left on their own. Over time, many such individuals formed small, isolated, and close-knit communities in areas of the Rocky Mountains. These groups continue to practice 'the principle' despite the ostensible opposition of the government and LDS church leaders, and consider the practice to be a requirement for entry into the highest heaven, ...

See also:

Plural marriage, Plural marriage - Origin, Plural marriage - The practice of polygyny, Plural marriage - Joseph Smith's wives, Plural marriage - Polyandry sexual relations and fathering children, Plural marriage - Abandoning the practice, Plural marriage - Fundamentalist beginnings, Plural marriage - Critical views

Read more here: » Plural marriage: Encyclopedia II - Plural marriage - Fundamentalist beginnings

According to sympathizers, Smith, Young and other prominent Church leaders were reluctant to embrace the practice of plural marriage especially given their strict Victorian morals. Some critics contend that Smith at first committed adultery with Fanny Alger, a young maid in the Smith household, and later relied on the Biblical rationale of plural marriage to legitimize his immorality. Some critics, expecting the LDS Church's formal departure from plural marriage to equate with a doctrinal renunciation, see the church's current policy ...

See also:

Plural marriage, Plural marriage - Origin, Plural marriage - The practice of polygyny, Plural marriage - Joseph Smith's wives, Plural marriage - Polyandry sexual relations and fathering children, Plural marriage - Abandoning the practice, Plural marriage - Fundamentalist beginnings, Plural marriage - Critical views

Read more here: » Plural marriage: Encyclopedia II - Plural marriage - Critical views

Relinquishment of plural marriage by church members was not universal, however; some did not accept as divinely inspired the pronouncements truncating polygyny, and were either expelled from the church or left on their own. Over time, many such individuals formed small, isolated, and close-knit communities in areas of the Rocky Mountains. These groups continue to practice 'the principle' despite the ostensible opposition of the government and LDS church leaders, and consider the practice to be a requirement for entry into the highest heaven, ...

See also:

Plural marriage, Plural marriage - Origin, Plural marriage - The practice of polygyny, Plural marriage - Joseph Smith's wives, Plural marriage - Polyandry sexual relations and fathering children, Plural marriage - Groups continuing the practice, Plural marriage - Abandoning the practice, Plural marriage - Fundamentalist beginnings, Plural marriage - Critical views

Read more here: » Plural marriage: Encyclopedia II - Plural marriage - Fundamentalist beginnings

As The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints settled in the Utah Territory, they began to participate in national politics. The general opinion of the rest of the United States was that the practice of plural marriage was offensive. On July 8, 1862, President Abraham Lincoln signed the Morrill Anti-Bigamy Law which forbids the practice in US territories. President Lincoln told the church that he had no intentions of enforcing it if they would not interfere with him, and so the matter was laid to rest for a time. After the Civil War, im ...

See also:

Plural marriage, Plural marriage - Origin, Plural marriage - The practice of polygyny, Plural marriage - Joseph Smith's wives, Plural marriage - Polyandry sexual relations and fathering children, Plural marriage - Abandoning the practice, Plural marriage - Fundamentalist beginnings, Plural marriage - Critical views

Read more here: » Plural marriage: Encyclopedia II - Plural marriage - Abandoning the practice

According to the Ethnographic Atlas Codebook derived from George P. Murdock’s Ethnographic Atlas recorded the marital composition of 1231 societies, from 1960-1980. Of these societies, 186 societies were monogamous. 453 had occasional polygyny, 588 had more frequent polygyny, and 4 had polyandry. Polygamy - Patterns of occurrence. At the same time, even within societies which allow polygyny, the actual practice of polygyny often occurs only rarely. To take on more than one wife often requir ...

See also:

Polygamy, Polygamy - Forms of polygamy, Polygamy - Related terms, Polygamy - Bigamy, Polygamy - Trigamy, Polygamy - Polyamory, Polygamy - Poly relationship, Polygamy - Polygamy worldwide, Polygamy - Patterns of occurrence, Polygamy - Polygamy and religion, Polygamy - Legal situation, Polygamy - Multiple divorce and marriage for polygamy, Polygamy - Recent polygamy cases, Polygamy - Current proponents and opponents, Polygamy - How polygamists find more spouses, Polygamy - Mormon fundamentalists - aggregate in communities, Polygamy - Muslims & traditionalist cultures, Polygamy - On the Internet - polygamy personals, Polygamy - Polygamy in fiction, Polygamy - Bibliography

Read more here: » Polygamy: Encyclopedia II - Polygamy - Polygamy worldwide

The type and functions of marriage vary from culture to culture. Marriage - Western world. In the Americas and Europe, in the 21st century, legally sanctioned marriages are monogamous (although some pockets of society still sanction polygamy socially, if not legally) and divorce is relatively simple and socially sanctioned. In the West, the prevailing view toward marriage today is that it is based on a legal covenant recognising emotional attachment between the partners and entered into voluntarily. ...

See also:

Marriage, Marriage - Definitions, Marriage - Types of marriages, Marriage - Western world, Marriage - Eastern world, Marriage - Polygamy monogamy and polyandry, Marriage - Traditional cultures, Marriage - Marriage today in Belgium The Netherlands Canada Spain, Marriage - Unique Practices, Marriage - Recognition, Marriage - Rights and obligations, Marriage - Marriage restrictions, Marriage - Termination, Marriage - Weddings, Marriage - Marriage and religion, Marriage - Marriage and economics, Marriage - Criticisms of marriage, Marriage - Pragmatic marriage, Marriage - Romantic Marriage Vs. Pragmatic Marriage

Read more here: » Marriage: Encyclopedia II - Marriage - Types of marriages

Precise definitions vary historically and between and within cultures: modern understanding emphasizes the legitimacy of sexual relations in marriage, yet the universal and unique attribute of marriage is the creation of affinal ties (in-laws). Traditionally, societies encourage one to marry "out" far enough to strengthen the ties, but "close" enough so that the in-laws are "one of us" or "our kind". One exception to this rule is found in the marriage of royalty, who strengthen their aid through concentration of wealth rather than thr ...

See also:

Marriage, Marriage - Definitions, Marriage - Types of marriages, Marriage - Western world, Marriage - Eastern world, Marriage - Polygamy monogamy and polyandry, Marriage - Traditional cultures, Marriage - Marriage today in Belgium The Netherlands Canada Spain, Marriage - Unique Practices, Marriage - Recognition, Marriage - Rights and obligations, Marriage - Marriage restrictions, Marriage - Termination, Marriage - Weddings, Marriage - Marriage and religion, Marriage - Marriage and economics, Marriage - Criticisms of marriage, Marriage - Pragmatic marriage, Marriage - Romantic Marriage Vs. Pragmatic Marriage

Read more here: » Marriage: Encyclopedia II - Marriage - Definitions

These countries have the particular possibility that same-sex couples as well as opposite sex couples may engage in marriage. Although same-sex unions have been recorded in the history of a number of cultures, marriages between same-sex partners were rare or nonexistent in other cultures. Same-sex marriage remains infrequent worldwide, especially as it is not offered in most countries. However, some countries recognize same-sex marriage, including the Netherlands, Belgium, Canada, and Spain; in the United States same-sex marriage is l ...

See also:

Marriage, Marriage - Definitions, Marriage - Types of marriages, Marriage - Western world, Marriage - Eastern world, Marriage - Polygamy monogamy and polyandry, Marriage - Traditional cultures, Marriage - Marriage today in Belgium The Netherlands Canada Spain, Marriage - Unique Practices, Marriage - Recognition, Marriage - Rights and obligations, Marriage - Marriage restrictions, Marriage - Termination, Marriage - Weddings, Marriage - Marriage and religion, Marriage - Marriage and economics, Marriage - Criticisms of marriage, Marriage - Pragmatic marriage, Marriage - Romantic Marriage Vs. Pragmatic Marriage

Read more here: » Marriage: Encyclopedia II - Marriage - Marriage today in Belgium The Netherlands Canada Spain