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Political institutions of Rome | A Wisdom Archive on Political institutions of Rome | | Political institutions of Rome A selection of articles related to Political institutions of Rome | |
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Political institutions of Rome | |
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| | |  Political institutions of Rome: Encyclopedia II - Cursus honorum - Military TribuneThe cursus honorum officially began with ten years of military duty in the Roman cavalry (the equites) or in the staff of a general who was a relative or a friend of the family. Nepotism was not condemned; it was an integral part of the system. A more prestigious position was that of a military tribune. 24 men at the age of around 20 were elected by the Tribal Assembly to serve as a legionary commander in one of the four consular legions, with six to each. These ten years were supposed to be mandatory to qualify for political office, ...
See also:Cursus honorum, Cursus honorum - Military Tribune, Cursus honorum - Quaestor, Cursus honorum - Aediles, Cursus honorum - Praetor, Cursus honorum - Consul, Cursus honorum - Governor, Cursus honorum - Censor, Cursus honorum - Tribune of the Plebs, Cursus honorum - Princeps Senatus, Cursus honorum - Dictator and Master of the Horse, Cursus honorum - External link Read more here: » Cursus honorum: Encyclopedia II - Cursus honorum - Military Tribune |
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| | | | Political institutions of Rome: Encyclopedia II - Consul - Roman Republic
Consul - Early Republic.
After the mythical expulsion of the last Etruscan King Tarquinius Superbus and the ending of the Roman Kingdom, all the powers and authority of the King were alledgedly given to the newly instituted Consulship. However, it is likely that first the chief magistrates were the Praetors. The office of Consul was believed to date back to the traditional establishment of the Republic in 509 BC but the succession of Consuls is not continuous in the 5th century. Consuls had extensive competences ...
See also:Consul, Consul - Roman Republic, Consul - Early Republic, Consul - Consular Dating, Consul - Late Republic and Augustus, Consul - Lists of Roman Consuls, Consul - Other uses in Antiquity, Consul - Other city states, Consul - Private sphere, Consul - In Feudal times, Consul - Modern republics, Consul - French republican consuls, Consul - Roman republican consuls, Consul - Paraguay, Consul - partitioned revolutionary Greece, Consul - Sources and References Read more here: » Consul: Encyclopedia II - Consul - Roman Republic |
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| | | | Political institutions of Rome: Encyclopedia II - Praetor - Additional Praetors and their Duties When the territories of the state were extended beyond the limits of Italy, new praetors were made. Thus two praetors were created in 227 BC, for the administration of Sicily and Sardinia, and two more were added when the two Spanish provinces were formed in 197 BC. When there were six praetors, two stayed in the city, and the other four went abroad. The Senate determined their provinces, which were distributed among them by lot. After the discharge of his judicial functions in the city, a Praetor often had the administration of a province w ...
See also:Praetor, Praetor - Definition, Praetor - Praetorship, Praetor - First Praetor, Praetor - Second Praetor, Praetor - Praetor Urbanus, Praetor - Additional Praetors and their Duties, Praetor - Judicial Functions, Praetor - Criminal Trials, Praetor - Recent Praetors, Praetor - Miscellaneous Read more here: » Praetor: Encyclopedia II - Praetor - Additional Praetors and their Duties |
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| | | | Political institutions of Rome: Encyclopedia II - Censor - Duties The duties of the censors may be divided into three classes, all of which were closely connected with one another:
The Census, or register of the citizens and of their property, in which were included the reading of the Senate's lists (lectio senatus) and the recognition of who qualified for equestrian rank (recognitio equitum);
The Regimen Morum, or keeping of the public morals; and
The administration of the finances of the state, under which were classed the superintendence of the public buildings and the erectio ...
See also:Censor, Censor - Creation of the rank, Censor - Election, Censor - Attributes, Censor - Abolition, Censor - Duties, Censor - Census, Censor - Regimen morum, Censor - Administration of the finances of the state, Censor - Lustrum Read more here: » Censor: Encyclopedia II - Censor - Duties |
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| | | | Political institutions of Rome: Encyclopedia II - Censor - Creation of the rank The census was first established by Servius Tullius, the fifth king of Rome. After the expulsion of the kings it was taken by the consuls until 443 BC. In 442 BC, military tribunes with consular power were appointed in place of the consuls; and as these tribunes might be plebeians, the patricians deprived the consuls and consequently their representatives, the tribunes, of the right of taking the census, and entrusted it to two magistrates, called censores (English censors), who wer ...
See also:Censor, Censor - Creation of the rank, Censor - Election, Censor - Attributes, Censor - Abolition, Censor - Duties, Censor - Census, Censor - Regimen morum, Censor - Administration of the finances of the state, Censor - Lustrum Read more here: » Censor: Encyclopedia II - Censor - Creation of the rank |
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| | | | Political institutions of Rome: Encyclopedia II - Consul - Other uses in Antiquity
Consul - Other city states.
While in many cities their was a double-headed chief magustracy, often another title was used, such as Duumvir or native styles such as Meddix, but in some Consul was used.
Consul - Private sphere.
It was not uncommon for various organisations under Rolan private law to copy the terminology of state and city institutions for its own statutory agents (the very founding stat ...
See also:Consul, Consul - Roman Republic, Consul - Early Republic, Consul - Consular Dating, Consul - Late Republic and Augustus, Consul - Lists of Roman Consuls, Consul - Other uses in Antiquity, Consul - Other city states, Consul - Private sphere, Consul - In Feudal times, Consul - Modern republics, Consul - French republican consuls, Consul - Roman republican consuls, Consul - Paraguay, Consul - partitioned revolutionary Greece, Consul - Sources and References Read more here: » Consul: Encyclopedia II - Consul - Other uses in Antiquity |
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| | | | Political institutions of Rome: Encyclopedia II - Consul - Modern republics
Consul - French republican consuls.
In 1799, revolutionary France enacted a constitution that conferred supreme executive powers upon three officials that bore the title "consul" as chief magistracy of the republic. In reality, however, the state was de facto under personal control of the First Consul, general Napoleon Bonaparte, so in political terms it was more like a re-edition of J ...
See also:Consul, Consul - Roman Republic, Consul - Early Republic, Consul - Consular Dating, Consul - Late Republic and Augustus, Consul - Lists of Roman Consuls, Consul - Other uses in Antiquity, Consul - Other city states, Consul - Private sphere, Consul - In Feudal times, Consul - Modern republics, Consul - French republican consuls, Consul - Roman republican consuls, Consul - Paraguay, Consul - partitioned revolutionary Greece, Consul - Sources and References Read more here: » Consul: Encyclopedia II - Consul - Modern republics |
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| | | | Political institutions of Rome: Encyclopedia II - Praetor - Miscellaneous The Praetors existed with varying numbers to a late period in the Empire. A person who had been ejected from the Roman Senate could recover his rank by being made Praetor, such as Sallust.
In the Star Trek fictional universe, Praetor is also the title given to the Romulan emperor (by analogy with Rome).
In the StarCraft fictional universe, Preator is a title used by the race called Protoss.
In the game Final Fantasy X-2, a Prea ...
See also:Praetor, Praetor - Definition, Praetor - Praetorship, Praetor - First Praetor, Praetor - Second Praetor, Praetor - Praetor Urbanus, Praetor - Additional Praetors and their Duties, Praetor - Judicial Functions, Praetor - Criminal Trials, Praetor - Recent Praetors, Praetor - Miscellaneous Read more here: » Praetor: Encyclopedia II - Praetor - Miscellaneous |
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| | | | Political institutions of Rome: Encyclopedia II - Censor - Lustrum After the censors had performed their various duties and taken the census, the lustrum or solemn purification of the people followed. When the censors entered upon their office, they drew lots to see which of them should perform this purification (lustrum facere or condere, Varr. L.L. vi.86; Livy xxix.37, xxxv.9, xxxviii.36, xlii.10); but both censors were obliged of course to be present at the ceremony.
A census was sometimes taken in the provinces, even under the republic (Cicero Verr. ii.53, 56); but the ...
See also:Censor, Censor - Creation of the rank, Censor - Election, Censor - Attributes, Censor - Abolition, Censor - Duties, Censor - Census, Censor - Regimen morum, Censor - Administration of the finances of the state, Censor - Lustrum Read more here: » Censor: Encyclopedia II - Censor - Lustrum |
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| | | | Political institutions of Rome: Encyclopedia II - Censor - Abolition The censorship continued in existence for 421 years, from 443 BC to 22 BC; but during this period many lustra passed by without any censor being chosen at all. According to one statement, the office was abolished by Sulla (Schol. Gronov. ad Cic. Div. in Caecil. 3, p384, ed. Orelli). Although the authority on which this statement rests is not of much weight, the fact itself is probable, since there was no census during the two lustra which elapsed from Sulla's dictatorship of Pompey (82–70 BC), and any strict "imposition of morals" would have been found very inconvenient to the aristocra ...
See also:Censor, Censor - Creation of the rank, Censor - Election, Censor - Attributes, Censor - Abolition, Censor - Duties, Censor - Census, Censor - Regimen morum, Censor - Administration of the finances of the state, Censor - Lustrum Read more here: » Censor: Encyclopedia II - Censor - Abolition |
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| | | | Political institutions of Rome: Encyclopedia II - Praetor - Praetorship The Praetorship was originally a kind of third consulship, and the chief functions of the praetor were a portion of the functions of the consuls, who according to Cicero, were also called judices a judicando. The praetorship was at first given to a consul of the preceding year as appears from Livy. L. Papirius was praetor after being consul. The praetor sometimes commanded the armies of the state; and while the consuls were absent with the armies, he exercised their functions within the city. He was a Magistratus Curulis and he had th ...
See also:Praetor, Praetor - Definition, Praetor - Praetorship, Praetor - First Praetor, Praetor - Second Praetor, Praetor - Praetor Urbanus, Praetor - Additional Praetors and their Duties, Praetor - Judicial Functions, Praetor - Criminal Trials, Praetor - Recent Praetors, Praetor - Miscellaneous Read more here: » Praetor: Encyclopedia II - Praetor - Praetorship |
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| | | | Political institutions of Rome: Encyclopedia II - Censor - Election The censors were elected in the Centuriate Assembly held under the presidency of a consul (Auli Gellii xiii.15; Livy xl.45). Barthold Niebuhr suggests that they were at first elected by the Curiate Assembly, and that their election was confirmed by the Centuriate; but William Smith believes that "there is no authority for this supposition, and the truth of it depends entirely upon the correctness of [Niehbur's] views respecting the election of the consuls". Both censors had to be elected on the same day, and accordingly if the voting for the second was not finished, the election of the first was invalidated, and a new as ...
See also:Censor, Censor - Creation of the rank, Censor - Election, Censor - Attributes, Censor - Abolition, Censor - Duties, Censor - Census, Censor - Regimen morum, Censor - Administration of the finances of the state, Censor - Lustrum Read more here: » Censor: Encyclopedia II - Censor - Election |
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| | | | Political institutions of Rome: Encyclopedia II - Cursus honorum - Aediles At 36 years of age, former quaestors could stand for election to one of the four aedile positions. Of these aediles, two were plebian and two were patrician, with the patrician aediles called Curule Aediles. The normal Aediles were elected by the Council of the People and the Curule Aediles were either elected by the Tribal Assembly or appointed by the reigning Consul. The aediles had administrative responsibilities in Rome. They had to take care of the temples, they organized games and were responsible for the maintenance of the public buil ...
See also:Cursus honorum, Cursus honorum - Military Tribune, Cursus honorum - Quaestor, Cursus honorum - Aediles, Cursus honorum - Praetor, Cursus honorum - Consul, Cursus honorum - Governor, Cursus honorum - Censor, Cursus honorum - Tribune of the Plebs, Cursus honorum - Princeps Senatus, Cursus honorum - Dictator and Master of the Horse, Cursus honorum - External link Read more here: » Cursus honorum: Encyclopedia II - Cursus honorum - Aediles |
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| | | | Political institutions of Rome: Encyclopedia II - Censor - Attributes The censorship is distinguished from all other Roman magistracies by the length of time during which it was held. The censors were originally chosen for a whole lustrum (period of five years), but their office was limited to eighteen months as early as ten years after its institution (433 BC) by a law of the dictator Mamercus Aemilius Mamercinus (Livy iv.24, ix.33). The censors also held a very peculiar position with respect to rank and dignity. No imperium was bestowed upon them, and accordingly they had no lictors (Zonar. vii ...
See also:Censor, Censor - Creation of the rank, Censor - Election, Censor - Attributes, Censor - Abolition, Censor - Duties, Censor - Census, Censor - Regimen morum, Censor - Administration of the finances of the state, Censor - Lustrum Read more here: » Censor: Encyclopedia II - Censor - Attributes |
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| | | | Political institutions of Rome: Encyclopedia II - Cursus honorum - Dictator and Master of the Horse Of all the offices within the Roman Republic, none granted as much power and authority as the position of Dictator, known as the Master of the People. In times of emergencies, the Senate would declare that a dictator was required, and the current consuls would appoint a dictator, and this was the only decision that could not be vetoed by the Tribune of the Plebs. The dictator was the sole exception to the Roman legal principles of having multiple magistrate in the same office and being legally able to be held to answer for actions in office. ...
See also:Cursus honorum, Cursus honorum - Military Tribune, Cursus honorum - Quaestor, Cursus honorum - Aediles, Cursus honorum - Praetor, Cursus honorum - Consul, Cursus honorum - Governor, Cursus honorum - Censor, Cursus honorum - Tribune of the Plebs, Cursus honorum - Princeps Senatus, Cursus honorum - Dictator and Master of the Horse, Cursus honorum - External link Read more here: » Cursus honorum: Encyclopedia II - Cursus honorum - Dictator and Master of the Horse |
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| | | | Political institutions of Rome: Encyclopedia II - Cursus honorum - Praetor After holding either the office of Quaestor or Aedile, a man of 39 years could run for Praetor. The number of Praetors elected varied through history, generally increasing with time. During the republic, six or eight were generally elected each year to serve judicial functions throughout Rome and other governmental responsibilities. In the absence of the Consuls, a Praetor would be given command of the garrison in Rome or in Italy. Also, a Praetor could exercise the functions of the Consuls throughout Rome, but their main function was that o ...
See also:Cursus honorum, Cursus honorum - Military Tribune, Cursus honorum - Quaestor, Cursus honorum - Aediles, Cursus honorum - Praetor, Cursus honorum - Consul, Cursus honorum - Governor, Cursus honorum - Censor, Cursus honorum - Tribune of the Plebs, Cursus honorum - Princeps Senatus, Cursus honorum - Dictator and Master of the Horse, Cursus honorum - External link Read more here: » Cursus honorum: Encyclopedia II - Cursus honorum - Praetor |
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