Polish literature

Polish literature - Middle Ages. The earliest monuments of Polish literature date back to the Middle Ages. Inspired by Christian traditions recently imported from elsewhere in Europe, local anonymous copyists prepared copies of books — mostly religious — that were popular in western Europe. About the 11th century local scriptoria were founded, and the first books were created on Polish soil. Notable examples of early Polish books include the Latin Mis ...

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Polish literature, Polish literature - History, Polish literature - Middle Ages, Polish literature - Renaissance, Polish literature - List of names, Polish literature - Writers and novelists, Polish literature - Poets, Polish literature - Essayists

Read more here: » Polish literature: Encyclopedia II - Polish literature - History

Bolesław Prus (pronounced: [bɔ'lεswaf 'prus]; August 20, 1847 – May 19, 1912), born Aleksander Głowacki, was a Polish journalist, short-story writer, and novelist of the Polish Positivist period. He is one of the most important figures in Polish letters, and one of the most distinctive voices in world literature. An indelible mark was left on Prus by his experiences as a 15-year-old soldier in Poland's 1863 Uprising, in which he suffered severe battle contusions and imprisonment by Tsarist Russian authorities. At age 25 he settled into a distinguished 40-year career in journ ...

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• Bolesław Prus - Biography
• Bolesław Prus - Chief novels

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Born Aleksander Głowacki, Bolesław Prus fought in Poland's 1863 Uprising, the orphaned younger brother of an insurgent leader, Leon Glowacki. (Leon during the Uprising developed a mental illness that would end only with his death in 1907.) On September 1, 1863, twelve days after his sixteenth birthday, Prus suffered severe battle contusions and was captured by Tsarist Russian forces. Eventually released on account of his youth, in 1866 he completed high school a ...

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Bolesław Prus, Bolesław Prus - Biography, Bolesław Prus - Chief novels

Read more here: » Bolesław Prus: Encyclopedia II - Bolesław Prus - Biography

Tadeusz Kamil Marcjan Żeleński of Ciołek was born December 21, 1874 in Warsaw, to the family of Wanda née Grabowska and Władysław Żeleński, a notable composer and musician. His cousin was Kazimierz Przerwa-Tetmajer, another notable poet of the epoch. Since Warsaw was at that time under Russian rule and education in Polish was forbidden, in 1892 Żeleński left for Kraków in Galicia, where he was accepte ...

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Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński, Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński - Biography, Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński - Bibliography

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Bolesław Lesman was born January 22, 1878 in Warsaw, Poland, to a family of Polonized Jewish intelligentsia. He spent his childhood and youth in Kiev, where he also graduated from the law faculty of the Saint Vladimir University. In 1901 he returned to Warsaw. From there he set off for a journey to various European cities, including Munich and Paris, where he married a painter Zofia Chylińska. Heavily influenced by French modernists, Lesman returned to Warsaw, where he became one of the founders of an experimental Artistic Theatre. There he also met one of his closest friends, Zenon Przesmycki, with whom he also got involved ...

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Bolesław Leśmian, Bolesław Leśmian - Biography, Bolesław Leśmian - Works, Bolesław Leśmian - Bibliography, Bolesław Leśmian - Footnotes

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Biernat of Lublin (Polish: Biernat z Lublina, 1465? – after 1529) was a Polish poet, fabulist and physician. He was one of the first Polish-language writers known by name, and the most interesting of the earliest ones. He expressed plebeian, Renaissance and religiously liberal opinions. Biernat wrote the first book printed in Polish, a prayer-book, Raj duszny (Soul's Paradise, 1513). He also penned the first secular work in Polish literature: a collection of verse fables, Ezop... (Aesop..., c. 1510), pleb

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A skilled poet, Leśmian developed a unique style of his own. In his poems, in a fantastical, mythical and fabulous environment, often related to the Polish folklore and traditions, he described his life philosophy. Protagonists of his works are usually handicapped humans, striving between their culture and the nature, unable to accept his fate. He also expressed the idea that the poets are examples of primitive mankind, the only ones to b ...

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Bolesław Leśmian, Bolesław Leśmian - Biography, Bolesław Leśmian - Works, Bolesław Leśmian - Bibliography, Bolesław Leśmian - Footnotes

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The Warsaw dialect became a separate dialect of the Polish language some time in 18th century, when the Polish substratum was enriched with many borrowed words from the Masovian dialect. The mixture was then heavily influenced by the languages spoken by the burghers of Warsaw and the royal court of Poland. These included the Italian, Yiddish, French, Latin and English. In 19th century during the Partitions of Poland the dialect incorporated a great number of bo ...

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Warsaw dialect, Warsaw dialect - Classification, Warsaw dialect - Geographic distribution, Warsaw dialect - History, Warsaw dialect - Sub-dialects, Warsaw dialect - Derived dialects, Warsaw dialect - Sounds, Warsaw dialect - Vowels, Warsaw dialect - Consonants, Warsaw dialect - Grammar, Warsaw dialect - Vocabulary, Warsaw dialect - Writing system, Warsaw dialect - External link:

Read more here: » Warsaw dialect: Encyclopedia II - Warsaw dialect - History

Some stories are basically self-conscious parodies of romantic novels about knights, with more profound issues of psychology and social dynamics under a cartoonish and swashbuckling facade. A typical example is the fairy tale O królewiczu Ferrycym i królewnie Krystali) (Prince Ferrix and the Princess Crystal). A princely (robotic) knight falls in love with a beautiful (robotic) princess. Unfortunately, the princess is a bit eccentric, and is captivated by stories of an alien non-robotic, "paleface" civilization (the hu ...

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The Cyberiad, The Cyberiad - Trurl and Klapaucius, The Cyberiad - The world and its inhabitants, The Cyberiad - Romantic stories, The Cyberiad - Romantic stories involving technology and the Constructors, The Cyberiad - Stories involving the search for happiness and ideal society

Read more here: » The Cyberiad: Encyclopedia II - The Cyberiad - Romantic stories

Wanda Wasilewska was born on January 25, 1905 in Galicia to a notable socialist Polish Socialist Party politician Leon Wasilewski. She studied philosophy at the Warsaw University and Polish language and Polish literature at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. After she graduated she remained at her alma mater and passed her doctorate exams in 1927. While studying she started cooperation with the Union of Socialist YouthSee also:

Wanda Wasilewska, Wanda Wasilewska - Biography, Wanda Wasilewska - Works

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Having obtained a degree in Polish literature from the Jagiellonian University in 1970, Stuhr spent the next two years studying acting at the Kraków National Drama School (Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Teatralna/PWST), with which he retained close ties ever since. From the early 1970s, Stuhr appeared in Polish theatre and screen productions, making his debut with the role of Beelzebub in Adam Mickiewicz's Dziady. Having met film director Krzysztof Kieślowski in the mid-1970s, he continued to work with him until Kie ...

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Jerzy Stuhr, Jerzy Stuhr - Life and career, Jerzy Stuhr - Filmography, Jerzy Stuhr - Actor, Jerzy Stuhr - Director and Screenplay writer

Read more here: » Jerzy Stuhr: Encyclopedia II - Jerzy Stuhr - Life and career

Title and details of English translation stated where available. Nike Award - Jury award. 2005 - Andrzej Stasiuk for Jadąc do Babadag ("Travelling to Babadag") 2004 - Wojciech Kuczok for Gnój ("Muck") 2003 - Jarosław Marek Rymkiewicz for Zachód słonca w Milanówku ("Sunset in Milanówek") 2002 - Joanna Olczak-Roniker for W ogrodzie pamięci ("In the garden of memory") 2001 - Jerzy Pilch for Pod Mocnym Aniołem ("The Strong An ...

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Nike Award, Nike Award - Laureates, Nike Award - Jury award, Nike Award - Audience award, Nike Award - External link

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The style and personality of Polish life has been shaped over a thousand years. The national culture developed at the crossroads of the Latinate and Byzantine worlds, in continual dialogue with the many ethnic groups in Poland. The people of Poland have always been hospitable to artists from abroad, and eager to follow what was happening in other countries. In the 19th and 20th centuries Poles' concentration on cultural advancement often took the place of political and economic activity. These factors have contributed to the versatile character ...

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Culture of Poland, Culture of Poland - History, Culture of Poland - Main areas, Culture of Poland - Specific articles

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As mentioned above, the Warsaw dialect includes a large set of borrowed words from a variety of languages. ...

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Warsaw dialect, Warsaw dialect - Classification, Warsaw dialect - Geographic distribution, Warsaw dialect - History, Warsaw dialect - Sub-dialects, Warsaw dialect - Derived dialects, Warsaw dialect - Sounds, Warsaw dialect - Vowels, Warsaw dialect - Consonants, Warsaw dialect - Grammar, Warsaw dialect - Vocabulary, Warsaw dialect - Writing system, Warsaw dialect - External link:

Read more here: » Warsaw dialect: Encyclopedia II - Warsaw dialect - Vocabulary

The Warsaw dialect did not develop a literary form. It has been used by several authors in Polish literature and written with a standard set of Polish letters with different sounds denoted by approximation. ...

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Warsaw dialect, Warsaw dialect - Classification, Warsaw dialect - Geographic distribution, Warsaw dialect - History, Warsaw dialect - Sub-dialects, Warsaw dialect - Derived dialects, Warsaw dialect - Sounds, Warsaw dialect - Vowels, Warsaw dialect - Consonants, Warsaw dialect - Grammar, Warsaw dialect - Vocabulary, Warsaw dialect - Writing system, Warsaw dialect - External link:

Read more here: » Warsaw dialect: Encyclopedia II - Warsaw dialect - Writing system

Trurl and Klapaucius are brilliant engineers, called "constructors" (because they can construct, or make, wonderful things at will), capable of almost God-like exploits. For instance, on one occasion Trurl creates an entity capable of extracting facts from the random motion of gas particles, known as Maxwell's demon. The duo are best friends and rivals. They spend much of their time working on projects of interest to them, for instance constructing a perfect society, and travelling by spaceship to help people out ...

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The Cyberiad, The Cyberiad - Trurl and Klapaucius, The Cyberiad - The world and its inhabitants, The Cyberiad - Romantic stories, The Cyberiad - Romantic stories involving technology and the Constructors, The Cyberiad - Stories involving the search for happiness and ideal society

Read more here: » The Cyberiad: Encyclopedia II - The Cyberiad - Trurl and Klapaucius

Most of the stories involve Trurl and Klapaucius using their wonderful technological abilities to help the inhabitants of the medieval planets, usually involving neutralizing tyrants. For example: Both Trurl and Klapaucius come to a planet ruled by a king who loves hunting. He has already hunted down all animals available, and now hires constructors (engineers) to make new, mighty robotic beasts to hunt. Unfortunately, he has already executed all of the previous constructors to visit because they could not build beasts that wou ...

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The Cyberiad, The Cyberiad - Trurl and Klapaucius, The Cyberiad - The world and its inhabitants, The Cyberiad - Romantic stories, The Cyberiad - Romantic stories involving technology and the Constructors, The Cyberiad - Stories involving the search for happiness and ideal society

Read more here: » The Cyberiad: Encyclopedia II - The Cyberiad - Romantic stories involving technology and the Constructors

The Warsaw dialect is composed mostly of the Polish language substratum, with notable (mostly lexical) influences from the Masovian dialect of Polish, as well as Russian, German, Yiddish and other languages. The dialect was composed of a variety of different class dialects: the language of the suburbs differed from the language of the city centre and each professional group used its own version of the dialect, slightly different from the others. It is there ...

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Warsaw dialect, Warsaw dialect - Classification, Warsaw dialect - Geographic distribution, Warsaw dialect - History, Warsaw dialect - Sub-dialects, Warsaw dialect - Derived dialects, Warsaw dialect - Sounds, Warsaw dialect - Vowels, Warsaw dialect - Consonants, Warsaw dialect - Grammar, Warsaw dialect - Vocabulary, Warsaw dialect - Writing system, Warsaw dialect - External link:

Read more here: » Warsaw dialect: Encyclopedia II - Warsaw dialect - Classification

The basic sounds of the Warsaw dialect were those of the Polish language, with several notable differences. See Polish language for comparison. Warsaw dialect - Vowels. The most important differences between the Polish language and the Warsaw dialect are the following: Warsaw dialect - Consonants. ...

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Warsaw dialect, Warsaw dialect - Classification, Warsaw dialect - Geographic distribution, Warsaw dialect - History, Warsaw dialect - Sub-dialects, Warsaw dialect - Derived dialects, Warsaw dialect - Sounds, Warsaw dialect - Vowels, Warsaw dialect - Consonants, Warsaw dialect - Grammar, Warsaw dialect - Vocabulary, Warsaw dialect - Writing system, Warsaw dialect - External link:

Read more here: » Warsaw dialect: Encyclopedia II - Warsaw dialect - Sounds

Polish literature - Writers and novelists. Main article: List of Polish language authors Writers in chronological order of birth: Ignacy Krasicki (1735–1801) Jan Potocki (1761–1815) Józef Ignacy Kraszewski (1812–1887) Eliza Orzeszkowa (1841–1910) Henryk Sienkiewicz (1846–1916), Nobel Prize in Literature in 1905 Bolesław Prus (1847–1912) Stefan Żeromski (1864–1925) Władysław Reymont (1867–1925), Nobel Pri ...

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Polish literature, Polish literature - History, Polish literature - Middle Ages, Polish literature - Renaissance, Polish literature - List of names, Polish literature - Writers and novelists, Polish literature - Poets, Polish literature - Essayists

Read more here: » Polish literature: Encyclopedia II - Polish literature - List of names