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Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War (1409-1411) | A Wisdom Archive on Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War (1409-1411) | | Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War (1409-1411) A selection of articles related to Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War (1409-1411) | |
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| | | Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War (1409-1411) | | |
| ARTICLES RELATED TO Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War (1409-1411) | | | |  Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War (1409-1411): Encyclopedia II - Toruń - City nameEarly documents record the city name as Thorun (1226, 1466),Turon, Turun, Toron, and Thoron, and, after the 15th century, the current Polish name Toruń. The Teutonic Knights usually spelled it Thorun, which later became the German Thorn. When Toruń became a royal city, subject to the kings of Poland, Latin documents and coins usually spelled it Thorun, Thorunium, civitas Thorunensi ...
See also:Toruń, Toruń - City name, Toruń - History, Toruń - Landmarks and monuments, Toruń - Culture and science, Toruń - Education, Toruń - Media, Toruń - Transport, Toruń - Professional sport clubs, Toruń - Famous people from Toruń, Toruń - Twin cities, Toruń - Members of Parliament from Toruń Read more here: » Toruń: Encyclopedia II - Toruń - City name |
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| | | | Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War (1409-1411): Encyclopedia II - List of Polish wars - Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth The 17th century saw fierce rivalry between the then major Eastern European powers – Sweden, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire. At its heyday, the Commonwealth comprised the territories of present-day Poland, and large parts of Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Russia, and represented a major European power. However, by the end of the 17th century a series of internal conflicts and wars with foreign enemies led to the dissolution of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the partitioning of most of it ...
See also:List of Polish wars, List of Polish wars - Piast Poland, List of Polish wars - Jagiellon Poland, List of Polish wars - Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, List of Polish wars - Partitions, List of Polish wars - Second Polish Republic and World War II, List of Polish wars - People's Republic of Poland, List of Polish wars - Third Polish Republic Read more here: » List of Polish wars: Encyclopedia II - List of Polish wars - Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth |
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| | | | Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War (1409-1411): Encyclopedia II - Battle of Grunwald - Eve of the battle In the 13th century, the Teutonic Knights had been invited to the lands surrounding Chełmno to assist in the expulsion of the (pagan) Prussians. They stayed on, and, under a papal edict which gave them effective carte blanche to act as they wished, established a power base in the region, occupying the Baltic coastal regions of what are now Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia, and showed every signs of further expansion. Their incursions into Poland in the 14th century gave them control of major towns such as Chełmno(Kulm) and Pomorze(Pomm ...
See also:Battle of Grunwald, Battle of Grunwald - Eve of the battle, Battle of Grunwald - Opposing forces, Battle of Grunwald - Course of the battle, Battle of Grunwald - After the Battle, Battle of Grunwald - Influences of the Battle of Grunwald on modern culture, Battle of Grunwald - Poland, Battle of Grunwald - Lithuania, Battle of Grunwald - Germany, Battle of Grunwald - Russia and Soviet Union, Battle of Grunwald - Belarus, Battle of Grunwald - Banners, Battle of Grunwald - Poland, Battle of Grunwald - Lithuania, Battle of Grunwald - Related reading, Battle of Grunwald - Non-fiction, Battle of Grunwald - Fiction Read more here: » Battle of Grunwald: Encyclopedia II - Battle of Grunwald - Eve of the battle |
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| | | | Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War (1409-1411): Encyclopedia II - Toruń - City name Early documents record the city name as Thorun (1226, 1466),Turon, Turun, Toron, and Thoron, and, after the 15th century, the current Polish name Toruń. The Teutonic Knights usually spelled it Thorun, which later became the German Thorn. When Toruń became a royal city, subject to the kings of Poland, Latin documents and coins usually spelled it Thorun, Thorunium, civitas Thorunensi ...
See also:Toruń, Toruń - City name, Toruń - History, Toruń - Landmarks and monuments, Toruń - Administrative divisions, Toruń - Culture and science, Toruń - Education, Toruń - Higher education, Toruń - Parks and recreation, Toruń - Transport, Toruń - Health care and public services, Toruń - Sport, Toruń - Professional sport clubs, Toruń - Economy, Toruń - Major corporations, Toruń - Famous people from Toruń, Toruń - Sister cities, Toruń - Politics, Toruń - Toruń Representatives Read more here: » Toruń: Encyclopedia II - Toruń - City name |
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| | | | Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War (1409-1411): Encyclopedia II - Battle of Grunwald - Banners
Battle of Grunwald - Poland.
The exact Order of Battle of the Polish forces is unknown. However, Ioannes Longinus in his Historiæ Polonicæ written after 1455 recorded 51 Polish banners, together with their descriptions, blazoning and commanders. It is not certain whether the list is complete.
Battle of Grunwald - Lithuania.
Due to different system of feudal overlordship, as well as lack of heraldic traditions, the units of Grand Duchy of Lithuania were all grouped unde ...
See also:Battle of Grunwald, Battle of Grunwald - Eve of the battle, Battle of Grunwald - Opposing forces, Battle of Grunwald - Course of the battle, Battle of Grunwald - After the Battle, Battle of Grunwald - Influences of the Battle of Grunwald on modern culture, Battle of Grunwald - Poland, Battle of Grunwald - Lithuania, Battle of Grunwald - Germany, Battle of Grunwald - Russia and Soviet Union, Battle of Grunwald - Belarus, Battle of Grunwald - Banners, Battle of Grunwald - Poland, Battle of Grunwald - Lithuania, Battle of Grunwald - Related reading, Battle of Grunwald - Non-fiction, Battle of Grunwald - Fiction Read more here: » Battle of Grunwald: Encyclopedia II - Battle of Grunwald - Banners |
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| | | | Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War (1409-1411): Encyclopedia II - Battle of Grunwald - Influences of the Battle of Grunwald on modern culture
Battle of Grunwald - Poland.
The battle of Grunwald is regarded as one of the most important battles in the Polish history. It is often depicted by an ideogram of two swords, which were supposedly given to king Jagiello before the battle by the Teutonic envoys to "raise Polish desire for battle".
In 1914, on the eve of World War I, during the celebrations marking the 500-year anniversary of the battle a monument was erected in Kraków. The ceremony spawned demonstrations of outrage within Polish society ag ...
See also:Battle of Grunwald, Battle of Grunwald - Eve of the battle, Battle of Grunwald - Opposing forces, Battle of Grunwald - Course of the battle, Battle of Grunwald - After the Battle, Battle of Grunwald - Influences of the Battle of Grunwald on modern culture, Battle of Grunwald - Poland, Battle of Grunwald - Lithuania, Battle of Grunwald - Germany, Battle of Grunwald - Russia and Soviet Union, Battle of Grunwald - Belarus, Battle of Grunwald - Banners, Battle of Grunwald - Poland, Battle of Grunwald - Lithuania, Battle of Grunwald - Related reading, Battle of Grunwald - Non-fiction, Battle of Grunwald - Fiction Read more here: » Battle of Grunwald: Encyclopedia II - Battle of Grunwald - Influences of the Battle of Grunwald on modern culture |
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| | | | Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War (1409-1411): Encyclopedia II - Toruń - History Toruń was a small settlement in Chełmno Land, a western part of Masovia. In 1226 it was awarded by Duke Konrad I of Masovia to the Teutonic Knights as a fief to safeguard against the heathen Old Prussians.
The Teutonic Order built a castle (1230-31) near an old Polish village, and the settlement acquired town rights in 1233, relocating in 1236 from its original site to what is today called "Old Town". The town soon became an important medieval trade center. In 1263 Franciscan monks settled in Toruń, and they were followed in 1239 b ...
See also:Toruń, Toruń - City name, Toruń - History, Toruń - Landmarks and monuments, Toruń - Culture and science, Toruń - Education, Toruń - Media, Toruń - Transport, Toruń - Professional sport clubs, Toruń - Famous people from Toruń, Toruń - Twin cities, Toruń - Members of Parliament from Toruń Read more here: » Toruń: Encyclopedia II - Toruń - History |
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| | | | Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War (1409-1411): Encyclopedia II - Toruń - Culture and science Toruń has two drama theatres (Teatr im. Wilama Horzycy with three stages and Teatr Wiczy), two children's theatres (Baj Pomorski and Zaczarowany Świat), two music theatres (Mała Rewia, Studencki Teatr Tańca), and numurous other theatre groups. The city hosts, among others, the international theatre festival, "Kontakt", annualy in May.
Films in Toruń can be enjoyed in the city's Cinema City, which has over 2000 seat ...
See also:Toruń, Toruń - City name, Toruń - History, Toruń - Landmarks and monuments, Toruń - Culture and science, Toruń - Education, Toruń - Media, Toruń - Transport, Toruń - Professional sport clubs, Toruń - Famous people from Toruń, Toruń - Twin cities, Toruń - Members of Parliament from Toruń Read more here: » Toruń: Encyclopedia II - Toruń - Culture and science |
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| | | | Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War (1409-1411): Encyclopedia II - Toruń - Transport The A1 highway reaches Toruń, and a southern beltway surrounds the city. Besides these, European route E75 and a number of country roads (numbers 10, 15, and 80) run through the city, as well as many minor and provincial roads. Over eight railway stations and five railway routes connect Toruń to Bydgoszcz, Chełmża, Jabłonowo Pomorskie, Inowrocław, and Kutno. Over 30 bus lines and 3 tram lines make up the public transport system in Toruń. Two additional bus depots connect the city wi ...
See also:Toruń, Toruń - City name, Toruń - History, Toruń - Landmarks and monuments, Toruń - Culture and science, Toruń - Education, Toruń - Media, Toruń - Transport, Toruń - Professional sport clubs, Toruń - Famous people from Toruń, Toruń - Twin cities, Toruń - Members of Parliament from Toruń Read more here: » Toruń: Encyclopedia II - Toruń - Transport |
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| | | | Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War (1409-1411): Encyclopedia II - Toruń - Education Over 30 elementary and primary schools, and over ten high schools make up the educational base of Toruń, and besides these students can also attend a handfull of private schools.
The largest institution of higher education in Toruń, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, serves over 50 thousand student and was founded in 1945, based on the Toruń Scientific Society, Stefan Batory University in Wilno, a ...
See also:Toruń, Toruń - City name, Toruń - History, Toruń - Landmarks and monuments, Toruń - Culture and science, Toruń - Education, Toruń - Media, Toruń - Transport, Toruń - Professional sport clubs, Toruń - Famous people from Toruń, Toruń - Twin cities, Toruń - Members of Parliament from Toruń Read more here: » Toruń: Encyclopedia II - Toruń - Education |
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| | | | Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War (1409-1411): Encyclopedia II - Battle of Grunwald - After the Battle The defeat of the Teutonic Order was resounding. According to Andrzej Nadolski about 8,000 Teuton soldiers were killed in the battle, and an additional 14,000 taken captive. Most of the approximately 250 members of the Order were also killed, including much of the Teutonic leadership. Apart from Ulrich von Jungingen himself, the Polish and Lithuanian forces killed also the Grand Marshal Friedrich von Wallenrode, Grand Komtur Kuno von Lichtenstein and Albrecht von Schwartzburg, the Grand Treasurer Thomas von Merheim. Komtur of Brandenburg, Ma ...
See also:Battle of Grunwald, Battle of Grunwald - Eve of the battle, Battle of Grunwald - Opposing forces, Battle of Grunwald - Course of the battle, Battle of Grunwald - After the Battle, Battle of Grunwald - Influences of the Battle of Grunwald on modern culture, Battle of Grunwald - Poland, Battle of Grunwald - Lithuania, Battle of Grunwald - Germany, Battle of Grunwald - Russia and Soviet Union, Battle of Grunwald - Belarus, Battle of Grunwald - Banners, Battle of Grunwald - Poland, Battle of Grunwald - Lithuania, Battle of Grunwald - Related reading, Battle of Grunwald - Non-fiction, Battle of Grunwald - Fiction Read more here: » Battle of Grunwald: Encyclopedia II - Battle of Grunwald - After the Battle |
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| | | | Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War (1409-1411): Encyclopedia II - Battle of Grunwald - Course of the battle The opposing forces formed their lines at dawn. At noon the forces of Grand Duke of Lithuania Vytautas started an all-out assault on the left flank of the Teutonic forces, near the village of Tannenberg (Stębark). The Lithuanian cavalry was supported by a cavalry charge of several Polish banners on the right flank of the enemy forces. The enemy heavy cavalry counter-attacked on both flanks and fierce fighting occurred. After more than an hour, the Lithuanian light cavalry started to a planned retreat maneuver towards marshes and woods. This ...
See also:Battle of Grunwald, Battle of Grunwald - Eve of the battle, Battle of Grunwald - Opposing forces, Battle of Grunwald - Course of the battle, Battle of Grunwald - After the Battle, Battle of Grunwald - Influences of the Battle of Grunwald on modern culture, Battle of Grunwald - Poland, Battle of Grunwald - Lithuania, Battle of Grunwald - Germany, Battle of Grunwald - Russia and Soviet Union, Battle of Grunwald - Belarus, Battle of Grunwald - Banners, Battle of Grunwald - Poland, Battle of Grunwald - Lithuania, Battle of Grunwald - Related reading, Battle of Grunwald - Non-fiction, Battle of Grunwald - Fiction Read more here: » Battle of Grunwald: Encyclopedia II - Battle of Grunwald - Course of the battle |
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| | | | Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War (1409-1411): Encyclopedia II - Toruń - Health care and public services Over ten public hospitals and a number of private institutions constitute the health care service available in Toruń.
Five police stations are functional in the city.0, tel. 637 23 00
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See also:Toruń, Toruń - City name, Toruń - History, Toruń - Landmarks and monuments, Toruń - Administrative divisions, Toruń - Culture and science, Toruń - Education, Toruń - Higher education, Toruń - Parks and recreation, Toruń - Transport, Toruń - Health care and public services, Toruń - Sport, Toruń - Professional sport clubs, Toruń - Economy, Toruń - Major corporations, Toruń - Famous people from Toruń, Toruń - Sister cities, Toruń - Politics, Toruń - Toruń Representatives Read more here: » Toruń: Encyclopedia II - Toruń - Health care and public services |
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| | | | Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War (1409-1411): Encyclopedia II - Toruń - Transport The A1 highway reaches Toruń, and a southern beltway surrounds the city. Besides these, European route E75 and a number of country roads (numbers 10, 15, and 80) run through the city, as well as many minor and provincial roads.
Over eight railway stations and five railway routes connect Toruń to Bydgoszcz, Chełmża, Jabłonowo Pomorskie, Inowrocław, and Kutno.
As of 2005, only a small tourist airport exists in Toruń, however a passenger airport is under construction. The nearest larger airports ...
See also:Toruń, Toruń - City name, Toruń - History, Toruń - Landmarks and monuments, Toruń - Administrative divisions, Toruń - Culture and science, Toruń - Education, Toruń - Higher education, Toruń - Parks and recreation, Toruń - Transport, Toruń - Health care and public services, Toruń - Sport, Toruń - Professional sport clubs, Toruń - Economy, Toruń - Major corporations, Toruń - Famous people from Toruń, Toruń - Sister cities, Toruń - Politics, Toruń - Toruń Representatives Read more here: » Toruń: Encyclopedia II - Toruń - Transport |
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| | | | Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War (1409-1411): Encyclopedia II - Toruń - Higher education The largest institution of higher education in Toruń, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, serves over 50 thousand student and was founded in 1945, based on the Toruń Scientific Society, Stefan Batory University in Wilno, and Jan Kazimierz University in Lvov.
Other public institutions of higher education:
Wyższe Seminarium Duchowne
Centrum Szkolenia Artylerii i Uzbrojenia
Nauczycielskie Kolegium Języków Obcych
Toruński Uniwersytet Trzeciego Wieku
Collegium Medicum UMK in Bydg ...
See also:Toruń, Toruń - City name, Toruń - History, Toruń - Landmarks and monuments, Toruń - Administrative divisions, Toruń - Culture and science, Toruń - Education, Toruń - Higher education, Toruń - Parks and recreation, Toruń - Transport, Toruń - Health care and public services, Toruń - Sport, Toruń - Professional sport clubs, Toruń - Economy, Toruń - Major corporations, Toruń - Famous people from Toruń, Toruń - Sister cities, Toruń - Politics, Toruń - Toruń Representatives Read more here: » Toruń: Encyclopedia II - Toruń - Higher education |
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| | | | Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War (1409-1411): Encyclopedia II - Toruń - Sport Three public swimming pools, two auqa parks, and a number of indoor school facilities are available in Toruń. Five stadiums host various sporting events.
Toruń - Professional sport clubs.
Apator Toruń (former KS Apator Toruń) - speedway żużel
Toruński Klub Piłkarski (formerZKS Elana Toruń) - football
TKH Toruń - 'hockey
Pomorzanin Toruń - ho ...
See also:Toruń, Toruń - City name, Toruń - History, Toruń - Landmarks and monuments, Toruń - Administrative divisions, Toruń - Culture and science, Toruń - Education, Toruń - Higher education, Toruń - Parks and recreation, Toruń - Transport, Toruń - Health care and public services, Toruń - Sport, Toruń - Professional sport clubs, Toruń - Economy, Toruń - Major corporations, Toruń - Famous people from Toruń, Toruń - Sister cities, Toruń - Politics, Toruń - Toruń Representatives Read more here: » Toruń: Encyclopedia II - Toruń - Sport |
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| | | | Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War (1409-1411): Encyclopedia II - Toruń - Economy
Toruń - Major corporations.
Elana S.A.
Toruńskie Zakłady Materiałów Opatrunkowych S.A.
FC Kopernik S.A.
Cereal Partners Poland Toruń-Pacific
Apator S.A.
Nova Trading SA
Thyssenkrupp Energostal
Krajowa Spółka Cukrowa
TOFAMA S.A.
Torfarm S.A.
TZUO Towimor
TZPO TORPO
PBiUT Erbud sp. z o. o.
Zakłady E ...
See also:Toruń, Toruń - City name, Toruń - History, Toruń - Landmarks and monuments, Toruń - Administrative divisions, Toruń - Culture and science, Toruń - Education, Toruń - Higher education, Toruń - Parks and recreation, Toruń - Transport, Toruń - Health care and public services, Toruń - Sport, Toruń - Professional sport clubs, Toruń - Economy, Toruń - Major corporations, Toruń - Famous people from Toruń, Toruń - Sister cities, Toruń - Politics, Toruń - Toruń Representatives Read more here: » Toruń: Encyclopedia II - Toruń - Economy |
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| | | | Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War (1409-1411): Encyclopedia II - Battle of Grunwald - Opposing forces In the early morning of July 15, 1410, both armies met in the fields near the villages of Grunwald, Tannenberg and Łodwigowo (Ludwigsdorf). Both armies were dislocated in line formations. The Polish-Lithuanian army was set up in front of the villages of Łodwigowo/Ludwigsdorf and Stębark/Tannenberg. The left flank was guarded by the Polish forces of king Władysław Jagiełło and composed mostly of heavy cavalry. The right flank of the allied forces was guarded by the army of Grand Duke Vytautas, and composed mostly of light cavalry. Amon ...
See also:Battle of Grunwald, Battle of Grunwald - Eve of the battle, Battle of Grunwald - Opposing forces, Battle of Grunwald - Course of the battle, Battle of Grunwald - After the Battle, Battle of Grunwald - Influences of the Battle of Grunwald on modern culture, Battle of Grunwald - Poland, Battle of Grunwald - Lithuania, Battle of Grunwald - Germany, Battle of Grunwald - Russia and Soviet Union, Battle of Grunwald - Belarus, Battle of Grunwald - Banners, Battle of Grunwald - Poland, Battle of Grunwald - Lithuania, Battle of Grunwald - Related reading, Battle of Grunwald - Non-fiction, Battle of Grunwald - Fiction Read more here: » Battle of Grunwald: Encyclopedia II - Battle of Grunwald - Opposing forces |
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| | | | Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War (1409-1411): Encyclopedia II - Toruń - History Toruń was a small settlement in Chełmno Land, a western part of Masovia. In 1226 it was awarded by Duke Konrad I of Masovia to the Teutonic Knights as a fief to safeguard against the heathen Old Prussians.
The Teutonic Order built a castle (1230-31) near an old Polish village, and the settlement acquired town rights in 1233, relocating in 1236 from its original site to what is today called "Old Town". The town soon became an important medieval trade center. In 1263 Franciscan monks settled in Toruń, and they were followed in 1239 b ...
See also:Toruń, Toruń - City name, Toruń - History, Toruń - Landmarks and monuments, Toruń - Administrative divisions, Toruń - Culture and science, Toruń - Education, Toruń - Higher education, Toruń - Parks and recreation, Toruń - Transport, Toruń - Health care and public services, Toruń - Sport, Toruń - Professional sport clubs, Toruń - Economy, Toruń - Major corporations, Toruń - Famous people from Toruń, Toruń - Sister cities, Toruń - Politics, Toruń - Toruń Representatives Read more here: » Toruń: Encyclopedia II - Toruń - History |
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| | | | Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War (1409-1411): Encyclopedia II - Toruń - Culture and science Toruń has two drama theatres (Teatr im. Wilama Horzycy with three stages and Teatr Wiczy), two childrens' theatres (Baj Pomorski and Zaczarowany Świat), two music theatres (Mała Rewia, Studencki Teatr Tańca), and numurous other theatre groups. The city hosts, among others, the international theatre festival, "Kontakt", annualy in May.
Films in Toruń can be enjoyed in the city's Cinema City, which has over 2000 seat ...
See also:Toruń, Toruń - City name, Toruń - History, Toruń - Landmarks and monuments, Toruń - Administrative divisions, Toruń - Culture and science, Toruń - Education, Toruń - Higher education, Toruń - Parks and recreation, Toruń - Transport, Toruń - Health care and public services, Toruń - Sport, Toruń - Professional sport clubs, Toruń - Economy, Toruń - Major corporations, Toruń - Famous people from Toruń, Toruń - Sister cities, Toruń - Politics, Toruń - Toruń Representatives Read more here: » Toruń: Encyclopedia II - Toruń - Culture and science |
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More material related to Polish-lithuanian-teutonic War 1409-1411 can be found here:
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