Plato in his book The Republic divided governments into four basic types: democracy - government by the many oligarchy - government by the few (often called aristocracy, i.e. government by the "best") timocracy - government by socio-military complexes (i.e., the form of government used in Sparta) monarchy/tyranny - government by the one He found flaws with all of them and thus concluded that none were suitable systems of government. Aristotle largely embraced Plato's ideas and in his P ...

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Mixed government, Mixed government - Ancient Greek philosophers, Mixed government - Roman Era, Mixed government - Renaissance and Enlightenment, Mixed government - Modern views

Read more here: » Mixed government: Encyclopedia II - Mixed government - Ancient Greek philosophers

See also:

Allan Bloom, Allan Bloom - Early Life and Education, Allan Bloom - Career Accomplishments, Allan Bloom - Philosophy, Allan Bloom - Plato's Republic, Allan Bloom - Closing of the American Mind, Allan Bloom - Conclusion, Allan Bloom - List of Works, Allan Bloom - List of Editor Works, Allan Bloom - List of Works on Bloom as Subject, Allan Bloom - Quotes, Allan Bloom - Miscellaneous

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Bloom's Closing of the American Mind is a critique of the contemporary university and how Bloom sees it as failing its students. To a great extent, Bloom's criticism revolves around the devaluation of the Great Books of Western Thought as a source of wisdom. However, Bloom's critique extends beyond the university to speak to the general crisis in American society. "Closing of the American Mind" draws analogies between the United States and the Weimar Republic. The modern liberal philosophy, he says, enshrined in the Enlightenment thou ...

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Allan Bloom, Allan Bloom - Early Life and Education, Allan Bloom - Career Accomplishments, Allan Bloom - Philosophy, Allan Bloom - Plato's Republic, Allan Bloom - Closing of the American Mind, Allan Bloom - Conclusion, Allan Bloom - List of Works, Allan Bloom - List of Editor Works, Allan Bloom - List of Works on Bloom as Subject, Allan Bloom - Quotes, Allan Bloom - Miscellaneous

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The Annals, or, in Latin, Annales, is a history book by Tacitus covering the reign of the 4 Roman Emperors succeeding to Caesar Augustus. The parts of the work that survived from antiquity cover (most of) the reigns of Tiberius and Nero. The title Annals was probably not given by Tacitus, but derives from the fact that he treated this history in a year-by-year form. The (probably) original title was Ab excessu divi Augusti, "Following the death of the divine Augustus". Annals Tacitus - ...

Including:

• Annals Tacitus - Content
• Annals Tacitus - Style

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Plato's allegory of the cave is perhaps the best-known of his many metaphors, allegories, and myths. The allegory is told and interpreted at the start of Book VII of The Republic (514a-520a). The allegory is probably best presented as a story, and then interpreted—as Plato himself does. Allegory of the cave - The allegory. Imagine prisoners who have been chained since childhood deep inside a cave. Not only are their limbs immobilized by the chains, their heads are chained as well so that their eyes ...

Including:

• Allegory of the cave - The allegory
• Allegory of the cave - The interpretation
• Allegory of the cave - Vulvadentata
• Allegory of the cave - Influence
• Allegory of the cave - Plato's allegory of the cave in popular culture
• Allegory of the cave - Literature
• Allegory of the cave - Music
• Allegory of the cave - Film
• Allegory of the cave - Software

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Social Justice is a concept that has fascinated philosophers ever since Plato rebuked the young Sophist, Thrasymachus, for asserting that justice was whatever the strongest decided it would be. In The Republic, Plato formalized the argument that an ideal state would rest on four virtues: wisdom, courage, moderation, and justice. The addition of the word social is to clearly distinguish Social Justice from the concept of justice as applied in the law — state-administered systems, which label behavio ...

Including:

• Social justice - The conceptual problem
• Social justice - The evolving answer
• Social justice - The modern concept
• Social justice - The basic liberties
• Social justice - Observations
• Social justice - Beliefs
• Social justice - Development of Catholic social teaching
• Social justice - Criticism
• Social justice - Other uses
• Social justice - Sources

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Plato (Greek: Πλάτων Plátōn) (ca. May 21? 427 BC – ca. 347 BC) was an immensely influential classical Greek philosopher, student of Socrates, teacher of Aristotle, writer of philosophical dialogues, and founder of the Academy in Athens. Plato lectured extensively at the Academy, and wrote on many philosophical issues. The most important writings of Plato are his dialogues, although a handful of epigrams also survive, and some letters have come down to us under his name. It is believed that all of Plato's authen ...

Including:

• Plato - Biography
• Plato - Work
• Plato - Themes
• Plato - Form and basis
• Plato - Metaphysics
• Plato - Epistemology
• Plato - The state
• Plato - Platonic scholarship
• Plato - Bibliography
• Plato - By tetralogy
• Plato - Stephanus pagination
• Plato - Loeb Classical Library

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Socrates (June 4, ca. 470 BC – May 7, 399 BC) (Greek Σωκράτης Sōkrátēs; invariably anglicized as IPA: /'sɒkɹətiːz/ Sǒcratēs) was a Greek (Athenian) philosopher. Socrates - His character. The character of Socrates provides an illustration of a historical conundrum. If Socrates ever wrote a single word, it has not survived. As such, the entirety of modern knowledge concerning Socra ...

Including:

• Socrates - His character
• Socrates - Trial and Death
• Socrates - Philosophy
• Socrates - Socratic method
• Socrates - Philosophical beliefs
• Socrates - Satirical playwrights
• Socrates - Prose sources
• Socrates - The Socratic Dialogues

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De re publica is a dialogue by Cicero, written in six books between 54 and 51 BC. It is written in the format of a Socratic dialogue; that is to say, Scipio Africanus Minor (who had died a few decades before Cicero was born) takes the role of a wise old man — an obligatory part for the genre. The dialogue is imagined as taking place between Romans, several centuries after Socrates' death. Cicero's treatise was politically controversial — by choosing the format of a philosophical dialogue, Cicero avoided naming his political ...

Including:

• De re publica - Setting and dramatis personæ
• De re publica - Setting
• De re publica - Participants
• De re publica - What's in a title
• De re publica - Cicero and Plato
• De re publica - English translations of the title of Cicero's De re publica
• De re publica - Content
• De re publica - A brief summary of each book
• De re publica - Bibliography

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Cyropaedia (lit. "The Education of Cyrus"), sometimes considered the masterpiece of Xenophon of Athens, is a fictional biography of Cyrus the Great, who was the most well known conqueror in antiquity prior to Alexander. In eight books it follows Cyrus from his education through his ascendency and rule to his death and its effects on his empire. It seems to go beyond the scope of its title, as does Xenophon's other great work, Cyro Anabasis (literally "Cyrus' March Inland"), of which only the first two books deal w ...

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Proclus Lycaeus (February 8, 412 – April 17, 485), surnamed "The Successor" or "diadochos" (Greek Πρόκλος ὁ Διάδοχος Próklos ho Diádokhos), was a Greek Neoplatonist philosopher, and considered the last major Greek philosopher, whose influence was felt throughout the Roman provinces, Byzantium, and in translation, by the later Islamic philosophers. Proclus - Biography. Proclis was born 410 or 411 CE (his birth year is deduced from a horoscope cast by a disciple, Marinus, and hen ...

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• Proclus - Biography
• Proclus - Works
• Proclus - Bibliography

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In Greek mythology, Cephalus was the son of Hermes and Herse. When Hermes fell in love with Herse, a jealous Aglaulus, Herse's sister, stood between them and refused to move. Hermes changed her to stone. Cephalus was married to Procris, a daughter of Erechtheus. The goddess of the dawn Eos (Aurora to the Romans) kidnapped Cephalus when he was hunting. Cephalus then had a relationship with the goddess for some years and she bore him three sons Phaeton, Tithonos and Hesperus, but Cephalus then began pining for Procris, causing a disgruntled Eos ...

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Allan Bloom was an only child born to social worker parents. Bloom's mother was particularly well educated and ambitious, earning her degree at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. Entering university at the age of fifteen, as part of the University of Chicago's early admission program for gifted students, Bloom embarked upon his life-long passion for the 'idea' of the university. In the Preface to Giants and Dwarfs, a collection of his essays published between 1960 and 1990, he states his education "began with Freud and ended with ...

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Allan Bloom, Allan Bloom - Early Life and Education, Allan Bloom - Career Accomplishments, Allan Bloom - Philosophy, Allan Bloom - Plato's Republic, Allan Bloom - Closing of the American Mind, Allan Bloom - Conclusion, Allan Bloom - List of Works, Allan Bloom - List of Editor Works, Allan Bloom - List of Works on Bloom as Subject, Allan Bloom - Quotes, Allan Bloom - Miscellaneous

Read more here: » Allan Bloom: Encyclopedia II - Allan Bloom - Early Life and Education

Bloom studied and taught abroad in Paris (1953-55) and Germany (1957). Upon returning to the United States he taught adult education students at the University of Chicago with his friend Werner J. Dannhauser, author of Nietzsche's View of Socrates. Bloom later taught at Yale, Cornell, Tel Aviv University and the University of Toronto, before returning to the University of Chicago. In 1963, as a Professor at Cornell, Allan Bloom served as a faculty member of the Telluride Association. The organization aims to foster an everyday ...

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Allan Bloom, Allan Bloom - Early Life and Education, Allan Bloom - Career Accomplishments, Allan Bloom - Philosophy, Allan Bloom - Plato's Republic, Allan Bloom - Closing of the American Mind, Allan Bloom - Conclusion, Allan Bloom - List of Works, Allan Bloom - List of Editor Works, Allan Bloom - List of Works on Bloom as Subject, Allan Bloom - Quotes, Allan Bloom - Miscellaneous

Read more here: » Allan Bloom: Encyclopedia II - Allan Bloom - Career Accomplishments

Plato's philosophical views had many societal implications, especially on the idea of an ideal state or government. There is some discrepancy between his early and later views. Some of the most famous doctrines are contained in the Republic during his middle period. Plato asserts that societies have a tripartite class structure corresponding to the appetite/spirit/reason structure of the individual soul. Productive (Workers) - The laborers, carpenters, plumbers, masons, merchants, farmers, ranchers, etc. The ...

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Plato, Plato - Biography, Plato - Work, Plato - Themes, Plato - Form and basis, Plato - Metaphysics, Plato - Epistemology, Plato - The state, Plato - Platonic scholarship, Plato - Bibliography, Plato - By tetralogy, Plato - Stephanus pagination, Plato - Chronology, Plato - Middle Dialogues, Plato - Loeb Classical Library

Read more here: » Plato: Encyclopedia II - Plato - The state

Plato's philosophical views had many societal implications, especially on the idea of an ideal state or government. There is some discrepancy between his early and later views. Some of the most famous doctrines are contained in the Republic during his middle period. Plato asserts that individual people have three distinctive functions, just like the soul: Productive (Workers) - The laborers, carpenters, plumbers, masons, merchants, farmers, ranchers, etc. These correspond to the "appetite" part of the soul.< ...

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Plato, Plato - Biography, Plato - Work, Plato - Themes, Plato - Form and basis, Plato - Metaphysics, Plato - Epistemology, Plato - The state, Plato - Platonic scholarship, Plato - Bibliography, Plato - By tetralogy, Plato - Stephanus pagination, Plato - Loeb Classical Library

Read more here: » Plato: Encyclopedia II - Plato - The state

The Republic is one of Plato's longest dialogues, subdivided in 10 books for editorial reasons but more consistently in 12 sections preceded by a prologue and followed by an epilogue. The main characters in The Republic are: Socrates Glaucon, a brother of Plato Adeimantus, another brother of Plato The other minor characters are Cephalus, an elderly arms manufacturer; Polemarchus, son of Cephalus; Thrasymachus, a sophist; his friend Cleitophon; Charmantides, another son of Cephalus There are three silent charact ...

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Republic dialogue, Republic dialogue - Setting and dramatis personae, Republic dialogue - Content, Republic dialogue - Definition of justice, Republic dialogue - The form of government, Republic dialogue - Theory of universals, Republic dialogue - Reception and interpretation, Republic dialogue - Ancient Greece, Republic dialogue - Ancient Rome, Republic dialogue - Utopias, Republic dialogue - Open Society or Closed Society?, Republic dialogue - 21st Century, Republic dialogue - Similarities In Literature, Republic dialogue - Notes

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Republic dialogue - Ancient Greece. The idea of writing treatises on systems of government was followed some decades later by Plato's most prominent pupil Aristotle. He wrote a treatise for which he used another Greek word "politika" in the title. The title of Aristotle's work is however conventionally translated to "politics": see Politics (Aristotle). Aristotle's treatise was not written in dialogue format: it systematises many of the concepts brought forward by Plato in his Republic, in some cases leading the author to ...

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Republic dialogue, Republic dialogue - Setting and dramatis personae, Republic dialogue - Content, Republic dialogue - Definition of justice, Republic dialogue - The form of government, Republic dialogue - Theory of universals, Republic dialogue - Reception and interpretation, Republic dialogue - Ancient Greece, Republic dialogue - Ancient Rome, Republic dialogue - Utopias, Republic dialogue - Open Society or Closed Society?, Republic dialogue - 21st Century, Republic dialogue - Similarities In Literature, Republic dialogue - Notes

Read more here: » Republic dialogue: Encyclopedia II - Republic dialogue - Reception and interpretation

A different interpretation of republicanism is used among political scientists. To them a republic is the rule by many and by laws while a princedom is the arbitrary rule by one. By this definition despotic states are not republics while, according to some such as Kant, constitutional monarchies can be. Kant also argues that a pure democracy is not a republic as the unrestricted rule of the majority is also a form of despotism. ...

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Republicanism, Republicanism - Anti-monarchial republicanism, Republicanism - Early History, Republicanism - Modern History, Republicanism - Republicanism in political science, Republicanism - Classical antecedents, Republicanism - Civic humanism, Republicanism - Enlightenment republicanism, Republicanism - Modern republicanism

Read more here: » Republicanism: Encyclopedia II - Republicanism - Republicanism in political science

One meaning of republicanism is the opposition to monarchies. Republic comes from the Latin word res publica and one meaning of this term is the form of government that began with the overthrow of the last tyrant known as the Roman Republic. While this government was much lauded by its contemporaries, once it was replaced with the empire, republicanism became all but nonexistent throughout Europe for several centuries. Outside of Europe, opposition to monarchy before the modern period is not generally termed republicanism. Islam, for ...

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Republicanism, Republicanism - Anti-monarchial republicanism, Republicanism - Early History, Republicanism - Modern History, Republicanism - Republicanism in political science, Republicanism - Classical antecedents, Republicanism - Civic humanism, Republicanism - Enlightenment republicanism, Republicanism - Modern republicanism

Read more here: » Republicanism: Encyclopedia II - Republicanism - Anti-monarchial republicanism