Plato (Greek: Πλάτων Plátōn) (ca. May 21? 427 BC – ca. 347 BC) was an immensely influential classical Greek philosopher, student of Socrates, teacher of Aristotle, writer of philosophical dialogues, and founder of the Academy in Athens. Plato lectured extensively at the Academy, and wrote on many philosophical issues. The most important writings of Plato are his dialogues, although a handful of epigrams also survive, and some letters have come down to us under his name. It is believed that all of Plato's authen ...

Including:

• Plato - Biography
• Plato - Work
• Plato - Themes
• Plato - Form and basis
• Plato - Metaphysics
• Plato - Epistemology
• Plato - The state
• Plato - Platonic scholarship
• Plato - Bibliography
• Plato - By tetralogy
• Plato - Stephanus pagination
• Plato - Loeb Classical Library

Read more here: » Plato: Encyclopedia - Plato

See also:

Plato, Plato - Biography, Plato - Work, Plato - Themes, Plato - Form and basis, Plato - Metaphysics, Plato - Epistemology, Plato - The state, Plato - Platonic scholarship, Plato - Bibliography, Plato - By tetralogy, Plato - Stephanus pagination, Plato - Chronology, Plato - Middle Dialogues, Plato - Loeb Classical Library

Read more here: » Plato: Encyclopedia II - Plato - Work

Plato - Themes. Unlike Socrates, Plato wrote down his philosophical views, leaving behind a considerable number of manuscripts. In Plato's writings are debates concerning the best possible form of government, featuring adherents of aristocracy, democracy, monarchy as well as other issues. A central theme is the conflict between nature and convention, concerning the role of heredity and the environment on human intelligence and personality long before the modern "nature versus nurture" debate began in the t ...

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Plato, Plato - Biography, Plato - Work, Plato - Themes, Plato - Form and basis, Plato - Metaphysics, Plato - Epistemology, Plato - The state, Plato - Platonic scholarship, Plato - Bibliography, Plato - By tetralogy, Plato - Stephanus pagination, Plato - Loeb Classical Library

Read more here: » Plato: Encyclopedia II - Plato - Work

Raja Ram Mohan Roy's efforts to abolish the despicable practice of sati and the setting up of the Brahmo Samaj is more well-known than the fact that he was also far ahead of his time in interpreting religion.

Much of what he said more than 200 years ago is relevant even today, despite the passage of time and attendant changes in the social fabric.

(See also: Ram Mohan Roy, Spiritual Guidance, God and Religion, Peace on Earth, Peace of Mind, Love and Happiness, Life and Beyond, Body Mind and Soul)

The term Western mystery tradition (also Western Esoteric tradition) refers to the collection of the mystical esoteric knowledge, such as Kabbalah, of the western world. Western mystery tradition - History. The Western mystery tradition traditionally started in Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece, Rome and Israel, while it contains many characteristics from the Pagan people of Ancient Britain and Scandinavia, such as the Celts. Ancient figures associated with the Western tradition include Plato, Pyt ...

Including:

• Western mystery tradition - History
• Western mystery tradition - The Dark Ages
• Western mystery tradition - The European Enlightenment
• Western mystery tradition - The Second World War
• Western mystery tradition - The Collapse of the Soviet Union
• Western mystery tradition - Today
• Western mystery tradition - Philosophy
• Western mystery tradition - Initiation
• Western mystery tradition - The Main Themes
• Western mystery tradition - The Teachings
• Western mystery tradition - Organisations
• Western mystery tradition - People
• Western mystery tradition - Texts

Read more here: » Western mystery tradition: Encyclopedia - Western mystery tradition

Xenophon's Apology describes Socrates' state of mind at his trial and execution, and especially his view that it was better to die before senility set in than to escape execution by humbling himself before an unjust persecution. Specialists believe that Xenophon's interpretation of the trial was written in response to a widespread literary reaction following the trial, where Athenian public figures and authors used the theme of Socrates trial to state their views on his guilt. The main part of the text is a direct blow for blow ...

Read more here: » Apology Xenophon: Encyclopedia - Apology Xenophon

Socrates (June 4, ca. 470 BC – May 7, 399 BC) (Greek Σωκράτης Sōkrátēs; invariably anglicized as IPA: /'sɒkɹətiːz/ Sǒcratēs) was a Greek (Athenian) philosopher. Socrates - His character. The character of Socrates provides an illustration of a historical conundrum. If Socrates ever wrote a single word, it has not survived. As such, the entirety of modern knowledge concerning Socra ...

Including:

• Socrates - His character
• Socrates - Trial and Death
• Socrates - Philosophy
• Socrates - Socratic method
• Socrates - Philosophical beliefs
• Socrates - Satirical playwrights
• Socrates - Prose sources
• Socrates - The Socratic Dialogues

Read more here: » Socrates: Encyclopedia - Socrates

(The) Apology (of Socrates) is Plato's version of the speech given by Socrates as he defends himself against the charges of being a man "who corrupted the young, did not believe in the gods, and created new deities". "Apology" here has its earlier meaning (now usually expressed by the word "apologia") of a formal defence of a cause or of one's beliefs or actions (from the Latin apologia, from the Greek "apo" and "logos"). Apology Plato - Introduction. Socrates begins by saying he does not know ...

Including:

• Apology Plato - Introduction
• Apology Plato - Socrates' accusers
• Apology Plato - The charges against Socrates
• Apology Plato - Part one
• Apology Plato - The verdict
• Apology Plato - Part two
• Apology Plato - Part three
• Apology Plato - Modes of interpretation

Read more here: » Apology Plato: Encyclopedia - Apology Plato

De re publica is a dialogue by Cicero, written in six books between 54 and 51 BC. It is written in the format of a Socratic dialogue; that is to say, Scipio Africanus Minor (who had died a few decades before Cicero was born) takes the role of a wise old man — an obligatory part for the genre. The dialogue is imagined as taking place between Romans, several centuries after Socrates' death. Cicero's treatise was politically controversial — by choosing the format of a philosophical dialogue, Cicero avoided naming his political ...

Including:

• De re publica - Setting and dramatis personæ
• De re publica - Setting
• De re publica - Participants
• De re publica - What's in a title
• De re publica - Cicero and Plato
• De re publica - English translations of the title of Cicero's De re publica
• De re publica - Content
• De re publica - A brief summary of each book
• De re publica - Bibliography

Read more here: » De re publica: Encyclopedia - De re publica

In Classical Greek, Lethe literally means "forgetfulness" or "concealment". The Greek word for "truth" is a-lethe-ia, meaning "un-forgetfulness" or "un-concealment". In Greek mythology, Lethe is one of the several rivers of Hades. Drinking from the river Lethe ("forgetfulness" or "oblivion") caused complete forgetfulness. Some ancient Greeks believed that souls were made to drink from the river before being reincarnated, so they would not remember their past lives. Lethe was a Naiad nymph and her river was in the ...

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A Mathematician's Apology is a 1940 essay by British mathematician G. H. Hardy (ISBN 0521427061). It concerns the aesthetics of mathematics with some personal content, and gives the layman an excellent insight into the mind of a working mathematician. It is, however, a very individual view, and Hardy's opinions are not universally held by mathematicians. A Mathematician's Apology - Summary. In the book's title, Hardy uses the word "apology" in the sense of a formal justification or def ...

Including:

• A Mathematician's Apology - Summary
• A Mathematician's Apology - Critiques

Read more here: » A Mathematician's Apology: Encyclopedia - A Mathematician's Apology

An allegory (from Greek αλλος, allos, "other", and αγορευειν, agoreuein, "to speak in public") is a figurative mode of representation conveying a meaning other than and in addition to the literal. Through allegory a subject of a higher spiritual order is described in terms of that of a lower which is made out to resemble it in properties and circumstances, the principal subject being so kept out of view that we are left to construe the drift ...

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The Analects (Traditional: 論語; Simplified: 论语; Hanyu Pinyin: Lùn Yǔ, or Lún Yǔ as some might insist), also known as the Analects of Confucius, is a record of the words and acts of the central Chinese thinker Confucius and his disciples, as well as the discussions they held. The Chinese ...

Including:

• Analects of Confucius - History and versions
• Analects of Confucius - Influence and significance

Read more here: » Analects of Confucius: Encyclopedia - Analects of Confucius

Aristophanes (c. 448 BC-380 BC; Greek ΄Αριστοφανης) was a Greek comic dramatist. The place and even the exact date of his birth are unknown, but he was probably educated in Athens. He was from the Athenian deme of Kudathenaium. He is famous for writing comedies such as The Birds for the two Athenian festivals: the Dionysia and the Lenea. He wrote forty plays, eleven of which still survive, and his plays are the only surviving examples of Old Attic Comedy. Many of his plays were political, and often satirized ...

Including:

• Aristophanes - Surviving plays
• Aristophanes - Dated non-surviving plays
• Aristophanes - Undated non-surviving plays

Read more here: » Aristophanes: Encyclopedia - Aristophanes

Soulmate (or soul mate) is a term sometimes used to designate someone with whom one has a feeling of deep affinity, friendship, love, strong intimacy or compatibility. A related concept is that of the twin flame or twin soul - thought to be the ultimate soulmate, the one and only other half of one's soul, which all souls are driven to find and unite with. However, not everyone who uses these terms intends them to carry such mystical connotations; they are sometimes used simply as an expression of str ...

Including:

• Soulmate - Definitions
• Soulmate - Theories
• Soulmate - Films with soulmate themes
• Soulmate - Memorable quotes

Read more here: » Soulmate: Encyclopedia - Soulmate

Ramtha is the name of a being that JZ Knight claims to channel. Knight asserts that Ramtha is a 35,000 year old spiritual being who was, according to Knight, "a Lemurian warrior who conquered the continent Atlantis and later became enlightened." Ramtha - Ramtha's teachings. Ramtha is the central figure of Ramtha's School of Enlightenment (RSE), a school started by JZ Knight. A central theme of Ramtha's teachings involve the internalization of deity (God is in Us, You are God, etc.). Ramtha is described as h ...

Including:

• Ramtha - Ramtha's teachings
• Ramtha - Controversy
• Ramtha - Court cases
• Ramtha - Skeptics
• Ramtha - Film
• Ramtha - Literature

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Acceptance Anger Anticipation Boredom Disgust Envy Fear Guilt Hate Hope Joy Jealousy Love Remorse Sadness Sorrow Surprise Guilt is a word describing many concepts related to an emotion or condition caused by actions which are, or are believed to be, morally wrong. Guilt - Definitions of guilt. Guilt - In psychology. In psychology and ordinary langu ...

Including:

• Guilt - Definitions of guilt
• Guilt - In psychology
• Guilt - In criminal law
• Guilt - Causes of guilt
• Guilt - Collective guilt
• Guilt - Cultural views of guilt
• Guilt - Guilt in literature
• Guilt - Dealing with guilt
• Guilt - People lacking all sense of guilt

Read more here: » Guilt: Encyclopedia - Guilt

Socrates begins by saying he does not know if the men of Athens (his jury) have been persuaded by his accusers. This first sentence is crucial to the theme of the entire speech. Plato often begins his Socratic dialogues with words which indicate the overall idea of the dialogue; in this case, "I do not know". Indeed, in the Apology Socrates will suggest that philosophy consists entirely of a sincere and humble admission of ignorance, and that wisdom is really nothing m ...

See also:

Apology Plato, Apology Plato - Introduction, Apology Plato - Socrates' accusers, Apology Plato - The charges against Socrates, Apology Plato - Part one, Apology Plato - The verdict, Apology Plato - Part two, Apology Plato - Part three, Apology Plato - Modes of interpretation

Read more here: » Apology Plato: Encyclopedia II - Apology Plato - Introduction

The first Tetralogy of dialogues by Plato has the trial and execution of Socrates as central theme: Euthyphro, Apology, Crito and Phaedo. Also Xenophon wrote an Apology of Socrates. As told in Plato's Apology — one of the best-known works of Greek philosophy and literature — the Trial of Socrates was a dramatic court case that led to the death of Socrates, the Greek philosopher. Socrates's reasoning and philosophy, and the questions they raised — not only about ephemeral things but also ...

See also:

Trial of Socrates, Trial of Socrates - Socrates' trial described by his contemporaries, Trial of Socrates - Socrates' trial and death in art

Read more here: » Trial of Socrates: Encyclopedia II - Trial of Socrates - Socrates' trial described by his contemporaries

The view that ideas exist in a realm separate or distinct from real life is a venerable theme in philosophy. This view holds that we only "discover" ideas in the same way that we discover the real world. In philosophy, the term “idea” is common to all languages and periods, but there is scarcely any term which has been used with so many different shades of meaning. Idea - Plato. Plato utilized the concept of idea in the realm of metaphysics. He asserted that there is realm of Forms or Idea ...

See also:

Idea, Idea - Philosophy, Idea - Plato, Idea - John Locke, Idea - David Hume, Idea - Wilhelm Wundt, Idea - G. F. Stout & J. M. Baldwin, Idea - In anthropology and the social sciences, Idea - Ideas as property, Idea - Credits

Read more here: » Idea: Encyclopedia II - Idea - Philosophy