Agathon (c. 448-400 BCE) was an Athenian tragic poet and friend of Euripides and Plato. He is best known from his mention by Aristophanes in his Thesmophoriazusae and in Plato's Symposium, which describes the banquet given to celebrate his obtaining a prize for his first tragedy (416). He was the long time (10-15 years) beloved of Pausanias, also mentioned in the Symposium and Protagoras. Pausanias followed Agathon to the court of Archelaus, king of Macedon, who was recruiting playwrights. This is where Aga ...

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Anamnesis (Greek:αναμνησις; “recollection”, “reminiscence”) is a term used in philosophy and religion. Anamnesis - Philosophy. Plato uses "anamnesis" in the epistemological theory that he develops in his dialogues Meno and Phaedo. In Meno, Plato's character (and old teacher) Socrates is challenged by Meno with what has become known as the sophistic paradox, or the paradox of knowledge: Meno: And how are you going to search for [the nature of virtue] when y ...

Including:

• Anamnesis - Philosophy
• Anamnesis - Phaedo
• Anamnesis - Religious use
• Anamnesis - Sources and references

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Ammonius Saccas (3rd century AD) was a Greek philosopher of Alexandria, often called the founder of the Neoplatonic school. Of humble origin, he appears to have earned a livelihood as a porter; hence his nickname of "Sack-bearer" (Sakkas, for sakkoforos). The details of his life are unknown. After long study and meditation, Ammonius opened a school of philosophy in Alexandria. His principal pupils were Herennius, the two Origens, Cassius Longinus and Plotinus. As he designedly wrote nothing, and, with the aid of h ...

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Amber is a fossil resin much used for the manufacture of ornamental objects. Although not mineralized it is sometimes considered and used as a gemstone. Most of the world's amber is in the range of 30–90 million years old. Amber - History. The name comes from the Arabic عنبر, ʻanbar, probably through Spanish, but this word referred originally to ambergris, which is an animal substance quite distinct from yellow amber. True amber has sometimes been called kahroba, a word of Persian deriv ...

Including:

• Amber - History
• Amber - Composition
• Amber - Amber in Geology
• Amber - Amber inclusions
• Amber - Locations and utilization
• Amber - Varieties

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Anaxagoras (c. 500 BCE–428 BCE) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher who was likely born about 500 BCE (Apollodorus ap. Diog. Laert. ii. 7.). He was as a member of what is now often called the Ionian School of philosophy. At his native town of Clazomenae in Asia Minor, he appears to have had some amount of property and prospects of political influence; he supposedly surrendered both of these out of a fear that they would hinder his search for knowledge. Although a Greek, he was probably a Persian citizen, perhaps even a soldi ...

Including:

• Anaxagoras - Cosmological theory

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Socrates generally applied his method of examination to concepts that seem to lack any concrete definition; e.g., the key moral concepts at the time, the virtues of piety, wisdom, temperance, courage, and justice. Such an examination challenged the implicit moral beliefs of the interlocutors, bringing out inadequacies and inconsistencies in their beliefs, and usually resulting in puzzlement known as aporia. In view of such inadequacies, Socrates himself professed his ignorance, but others still claim ...

See also:

Socratic method, Socratic method - Method, Socratic method - Practice, Socratic method - Application, Socratic method - Typical Application in Legal Education, Socratic method - Socratic Method in Psychotherapy

Read more here: » Socratic method: Encyclopedia II - Socratic method - Application

Aristotle - Early life and studies at the Academy. Aristotle was born at Stageira, a colony of Andros on the Macedonian peninsula of Chalcidice in 384 BC. His father, Nicomachus, was court physician to King Amyntas III of Macedon. It is believed that Aristotle's ancestors held this position under various kings of the Macedons. As such, Aristotle's early education would probably have consisted of instruction in medicine and biology from his father. About his mother, Phaestis, little is known. It is known that she ...

See also:

Aristotle, Aristotle - Biography, Aristotle - Early life and studies at the Academy, Aristotle - Aristotle as philosopher and tutor, Aristotle - Founder and master of the Lyceum, Aristotle - Methodology, Aristotle - Aristotle's epistemology, Aristotle - Logic, Aristotle - Science, Aristotle - Aristotle's metaphysics, Aristotle - Aristotle's four causes, Aristotle - The difference between natural objects and artifacts, Aristotle - Modes of causation, Aristotle - Chance, Aristotle - The Five Elements, Aristotle - Aristotle's ethics, Aristotle - Nicomachean ethics, Aristotle - Aristotle's critics, Aristotle - The Loss of his works, Aristotle - Aristotle's mistake, Aristotle - Bibliography, Aristotle - Major works, Aristotle - Specific editions, Aristotle - Named for Aristotle

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Aristotle - Early life and studies at the Academy. Aristotle was born at Stageira, a colony of Andros on the Macedonian peninsula of Chalcidice in 384 BC. His father, Nicomachus, was court physician to King Amyntas III of Macedon. It is believed that Aristotle's ancestors held this position under various kings of the Macedons. As such, Aristotle's early education would probably have consisted of instruction in medicine and biology from his father. About his mother, Phaestis, little is known. It is known that she ...

See also:

Aristotle, Aristotle - Biography, Aristotle - Early life and studies at the Academy, Aristotle - Aristotle as philosopher and tutor, Aristotle - Founder and master of the Lyceum, Aristotle - Methodology, Aristotle - Aristotle's epistemology, Aristotle - Logic, Aristotle - Science, Aristotle - Aristotle's metaphysics, Aristotle - Aristotle's four causes, Aristotle - The difference between natural objects and artifacts, Aristotle - Modes of causation, Aristotle - Chance, Aristotle - The Five Elements, Aristotle - Aristotle's ethics, Aristotle - Nicomachean ethics, Aristotle - Aristotle's critics, Aristotle - The Loss of his works, Aristotle - Bibliography, Aristotle - Major works, Aristotle - Specific editions, Aristotle - Named for Aristotle

Read more here: » Aristotle: Encyclopedia II - Aristotle - Biography

The MOQ divides Quality into two forms: static quality patterns (patterned) and Dynamic Quality (unpatterned). The four patterns of static value as well as Dynamic Quality account exhaustively for all of reality. As the initial (cutting edge) Dynamic Quality become habituated, it turns into static patterns. It is important to note that Pirsig is not proposing a duality: Quality is one, yet manifests itself diffe ...

See also:

Metaphysics of Quality, Metaphysics of Quality - Robert M. Pirsig, Metaphysics of Quality - Howard T. Odum, Metaphysics of Quality - Development of Pirsig's thought, Metaphysics of Quality - The MOQ according to Pirsig, Metaphysics of Quality - Quality, Metaphysics of Quality - Books

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Carpocrates was the founder of an early Gnostic from the first half of the second century A.D. As with many Gnostic sects we know of the Carpocratians only through the writings of the Church Fathers, in the case of Carpocrates, principally Irenaeus of Lyons and Clement of Alexandria. As these writers strongly opposed Gnostic doctrine there is a considerable question of negative bias when using these sources. However, whilst the various references to the Carpocratians differ in some details, there is unanimity as to the libertinism of ...

Including:

• Carpocrates - Carpocrates according to Irenaeus
• Carpocrates - Carpocrates according to Clement
• Carpocrates - The Secret Gospel of Mark
• Carpocrates - Other References
• Carpocrates - External link

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The "Lost city" of Atlantis was an ancient mythical island, whose existence and location have never been confirmed. The first references to Atlantis are from the classical Greek philosopher Plato, who said it was engulfed by the ocean as the result of an earthquake 9,000 years before his own time. Plato claimed it was somewhere outside the Pillars of Hercules, now known as the Strait of Gibraltar. While there are many theories about Atlantis, nearly all serious research shows that Atlantis never existed as Plato described it, although elements of ...

Including:

• Atlantis - Origin
• Atlantis - Plato
• Atlantis - Aristotle
• Atlantis - Other Greek accounts
• Atlantis - Modern interest
• Atlantis - Nineteenth century
• Atlantis - Nationalism and Socialism in abuse of Atlantis
• Atlantis - Recent times
• Atlantis - Location hypotheses
• Atlantis - The Mediterranean
• Atlantis - Outside the Mediterranean
• Atlantis - Atlantis in Fiction
• Atlantis - Source Writings

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Celsus was a 2nd century opponent of Christianity, known to us mainly through the reputation of his literary work, The True Word (or Account), almost entirely reproduced in excerpts by Origen in his counter-polemic Contra Celsum of 248, seventy years after Celsus wrote. In that year, though the Church was under no widespread persecution, owing to the inertia of the emperor Philip the Arab, the atmosphere was full of conflict. Rome was celebrating the 1000th anniversary of its founding, and imperial aspirations and ideas ...

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Aristotle - Early life and studies at the Academy. Aristotle was born at Stageira, a colony of Andros on the Macedonian peninsula of Chalcidice in 384 BC. His father, Nicomachus, was court physician to King Amyntas III of Macedon. It is believed that Aristotle's ancestors held this position under various kings of Macedonia. As such, Aristotle's early education would probably have consisted of instruction in medicine and biology from his father. About his mother, Phaestis, little is known. It is known that she die ...

See also:

Aristotle, Aristotle - Biography, Aristotle - Early life and studies at the Academy, Aristotle - Aristotle as philosopher and tutor, Aristotle - Founder and master of the Lyceum, Aristotle - Methodology, Aristotle - Aristotle's epistemology, Aristotle - Logic, Aristotle - Science, Aristotle - Aristotle's metaphysics, Aristotle - Aristotle's four causes, Aristotle - The difference between natural objects and artifacts, Aristotle - Modes of causation, Aristotle - Chance, Aristotle - The Five Elements, Aristotle - Aristotle's ethics, Aristotle - Nicomachean ethics, Aristotle - Aristotle's critics, Aristotle - Aristotle's mistake, Aristotle - Bibliography, Aristotle - Major works, Aristotle - Specific editions, Aristotle - Named after Aristotle

Read more here: » Aristotle: Encyclopedia II - Aristotle - Biography

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To attain jitendriyata is to achieve full control over ones senses. This leads to what is called God-realisation. In this controlled state all pain and suffering cease permanently.

There are different paths to achieve this height: Gyan yoga, karma yoga, bhakti yoga, raja yoga, hatha yoga, swara yoga, nada yoga, astanga yoga; all of these lead to the same goal of achieving communion with God. The shortest and most suitable path ordained in this Kali Yuga is bhakti yoga.

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Occultists sometimes speak of a "magical Aeon" that may last for far less time, perhaps as little as 2,000 years. See Thelema. Plato used the word aeon to denote the eternal world of ideas, which he conceived was "behind" the perceived world, as demonstrated in his famous cave allegory. Aeon - In Gnosticism. In many Gnostic systems, the various emanations of the God, who is also known by such names as the One, the Monad, Aion teleos (The Perfect Aeon), Bythos (Depth or profundity, Gree ...

See also:

Aeon, Aeon - In philosophy and mysticism, Aeon - In Gnosticism

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"The history of the term dialectic would by itself constitute a considerable history of philosophy" (Barbara Cassin, ed., Vocabulaire européen des philosophies [Paris: Le Robert & Seuil, 2004], p. 306, trans. M.K. Jensen). Briefly, the term "dialectic" owes much of its prestige to its role in the philosophy of Plato, where it figures as the logical method of philosophy in the Socratic dialectical method of cross-examination. The term was given new life by Hegel, whose dialectically dynamic model of nature and history made ...

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Dialectic, Dialectic - In philosophy, Dialectic - Socratic dialectic, Dialectic - Hegelian dialectic, Dialectic - Marxist dialectics, Dialectic - Critiques of dialectic, Dialectic - Dialectical biology, Dialectic - Footnotes, Dialectic - Sources

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In many Gnostic systems, the various emanations of the God, who is also known by such names as the One, the Monad, Aion teleos (The Perfect Æon), Bythos (Depth or profundity, Greek Βυθος), Proarkhe (Before the Beginning, Greek προαρχη), E Arkhe (The Beginning, Greek η αρχη), are called æons. This first being is also an æon and has an inner being within itself, known as Ennoea (Thought), Charis (Grace), or Sige (Greek Σιγη, Silence). The split perfect being conceives the second æon, Caen (Power), within itself. Along with the male Caen comes ...

See also:

Æon, Æon - Temporal æon, Æon - Platonic æons, Æon - Gnostic æons, Æon - Valentinian æons, Æon - Ptolemaic and colorbasal æons

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In proposing this new notion of order, Bohm explicitly challenged a number of tenets that are fundamental to much scientific work. The tenets challenged by Bohm include: That phenomena are reducible to fundamental particles and laws describing the behaviour of particles, or more generally to any static (i.e. unchanging) entities, whether separate events in space-time, quantum states, or static entities of some other nature Related to (1), that human knowledge is most fundamentally concerned with mathematical pred ...

See also:

Implicate and Explicate Order according to David Bohm, Implicate and Explicate Order according to David Bohm - David Bohm's challenges to some generally prevailing views, Implicate and Explicate Order according to David Bohm - Quantum theory and relativity theory, Implicate and Explicate Order according to David Bohm - Hidden variable quantum theory, Implicate and Explicate Order according to David Bohm - Quantum entanglement, Implicate and Explicate Order according to David Bohm - The hologram as analogy for the Implicate Order, Implicate and Explicate Order according to David Bohm - A common grounding for consciousness and matter, Implicate and Explicate Order according to David Bohm - Connections with other works

Read more here: » Implicate and Explicate Order according to David Bohm: Encyclopedia II - Implicate and Explicate Order according to David Bohm - David Bohm's challenges to some generally prevailing views

The philosophy of innatism is sometimes divided into two areas: Knowledge innatism - this doctrine asserts that humans have access to knowledge that is possessed innately. Idea innatism - also known as concept innatism, this doctrine asserts that humans have access to certain inborn ideas. Knowledge innatism seems to entail idea innatism. Idea innatism does not necessary entail knowledge innatism. An innatist might endorse an innatist account of ideas, or of knowledge, or (the most common ...

See also:

Innatism, Innatism - Types of innatism, Innatism - The difference between innatism and nativism, Innatism - Nativism, Innatism - Examples of proposed innate knowledge, Innatism - Locke's attack on innatism

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Although there are many Asanas (8,400,000 according to the scriptures) the practice of the 12 basic yoga postures brings out the essence and all major benefits of this wonderful system.

Read more here: » Yoga Postures: What is Proper Exercise - 12 Basic Yoga Postures

Practice Of Yoga Asanas

1. The practice of Yoga Asanas helps to prevent disease and maintain a high standard of health, vigour and vitality. It cures many diseases.

From "Kundalini Yoga" by Sri Swami Sivananda

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Conventional warfare - Formation of the state. For more details on this topic, see State#Formation_of_the_state. The state was first advocated by Plato, then found more acceptance in the consolidation of power under the Roman Catholic Church. European monarchs then gained power as the Catholic Church was stripped of temporal power and was replaced by the divine right of kings. In 1648, the powers of Europe signed the Treaty of Westphalia which ended the religious violence for purely political governance and outl ...

See also:

Conventional warfare, Conventional warfare - History, Conventional warfare - Formation of the state, Conventional warfare - The Clausewitzian paradigm, Conventional warfare - Prevalence, Conventional warfare - Decline, Conventional warfare - Replacement

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