Plant sexuality

Plant sexuality - Flower morphology. A species, such as the ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.), demonstrates the possible range of variation in morphology and functionality exhibited by flowers with respect to gender. Flowers of the ash are wind-pollinated and lack petals and sepals. Structurally, the flowers may be either male, female, or hermaphrodite, the latter consisting of two anthers and an ovary ('c' below). A male flower can be morphologically male ('a' below) or a hermaphrodite flower with anthers and a ...

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Plant sexuality, Plant sexuality - Terminology, Plant sexuality - Morphological mechanisms, Plant sexuality - Flower morphology, Plant sexuality - Physiological mechanisms, Plant sexuality - Evolution, Plant sexuality - Angiosperms, Plant sexuality - Cultivation of dioecious plants, Plant sexuality - External link

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Botany is the scientific study of plant life. As a branch of biology, it is also sometimes referred to as plant science(s) or plant biology. Botany covers a wide range of scientific disciplines that study the growth, reproduction, metabolism, development, diseases, ecology, and evolution of plants. Botany - Scope and importance of botany. As with other life forms in biology, plant life can be studied from different perspectives, from the molecular, genetic and biochemical level through organel ...

Including:

• Botany - Scope and importance of botany
• Botany - Feed the world
• Botany - Understand fundamental life processes
• Botany - Utilise medicine and materials
• Botany - Understand environmental changes
• Botany - History
• Botany - Early botany before 1945
• Botany - Modern botany since 1945

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Bryophytes are embryophyte plants ('land plants') that are nevertheless non-vascular: they have tissues and enclosed reproductive systems, but they lack vascular tissue that circulates liquids. They neither flower nor produce seeds, reproducing via spores. Bryophyte - Bryophyte classification. There are three groups, the Marchantiophyta (liverworts), Anthocerotophyta (hornworts), and Bryophyta (mosses). Modern studies generally show one of two patterns. In one of these patterns, the liv ...

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• Bryophyte - Bryophyte classification
• Bryophyte - Bryophyte sexuality

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As with other life forms in biology, plant life can be studied from different perspectives, from the molecular, genetic and biochemical level through organelles, cells, tissues, organs, individuals, plant populations, and communities of plants. At each of these levels a botanist might be concerned with the classification (taxonomy), structure (anatomy), or function (physiology) of plant life. Historically, botany covers all organisms that were not considered to be animals. Some of these "plant-like" organisms include fungi (studied in ...

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Botany, Botany - Scope and importance of botany, Botany - Feed the world, Botany - Understand fundamental life processes, Botany - Utilise medicine and materials, Botany - Understand environmental changes, Botany - History, Botany - Early botany before 1945, Botany - Modern botany since 1945

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These plants are generally gametophyte-oriented; that is, the normal plant is the haploid gametophyte, with the only diploid structure being the sporangium in season. As a result, bryophyte sexuality is very different from that of other plants. There are two basic categories of sexuality in bryophytes: dioicous - These plants produce only antheridia (male organs) or archegonia (female organ) on a single plant body. monoicous - These plants produce both antheri ...

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Bryophyte, Bryophyte - Bryophyte classification, Bryophyte - Bryophyte sexuality

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The stamen is the male organ of a flower. Each stamen generally has a stalk called the filament, and, on top of the filament, an anther. The anther is usually composed of four pollen sacs, which are called microsporangia. The development of the microsporangia and the contained haploid spores (called pollen-grains) is closely comparable with that of the microsporangia in gymnosperms or heterosporous ferns. The pollen is set free by the opening (dehiscence) of the anther, generally by means of l ...

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• Stamen - Plant sexuality

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Magnoliopsida - Dicots Liliopsida - Monocots The flowering plants (also called angiosperms) are a major group of land plants. They comprise one of the two groups in the seed plants: the flowering plants cover their seeds by including them in a true fruit. They bear the reproductive organs in a structure called a flower; the ovule is enclosed within a carpel, which will lead to a fruit. In the other major group of seed plants, called gymnosperms, the ovule is not enclosed at pollination and the seeds ar ...

Including:

• Flowering plant - History
• Flowering plant - Origins
• Flowering plant - Classification
• Flowering plant - Families of flowering plants
• Flowering plant - Internal structure
• Flowering plant - Vegetative organs
• Flowering plant - The flower fruit and seed
• Flowering plant - Flowering plant sexuality
• Flowering plant - Fertilization
• Flowering plant - Embryology
• Flowering plant - Fruit and seed
• Flowering plant - Economic importance

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Botany - Early botany before 1945. Among the earliest of botanical works, written around 300 B.C., are two large treatises by Theophrastus: On the History of Plants (Historia Plantarum) and On the Causes of Plants. Together these books constitute the most important contribution to botanical science during antiquity and on into the Middle Ages. The Roman medical writer Dioscorides provides important evidence on Greek and Ro ...

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Botany, Botany - Scope and importance of botany, Botany - Feed the world, Botany - Understand fundamental life processes, Botany - Utilise medicine and materials, Botany - Understand environmental changes, Botany - History, Botany - Early botany before 1945, Botany - Modern botany since 1945

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Androgyny refers to two concepts. The first is the mixing of masculine and feminine characteristics, be it the example of the loud fashion statements of musicians like Ziggy Stardust or the balance of "anima" and "animus" in Jungian psychoanalytic theory. The second is in describing something that is neither masculine nor feminine, for example the Hijras of India who are often described as "neither man nor woman". Androgynous traits are those that either have no gender value, or have some aspects generally attributed to the opp ...

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Sex, in the scope of this article and category, refers to the male and female duality of biology and reproduction. The somewhat similar term gender has more to do with identity than biology. The concept is confined to organisms that reproduce sexually. The female sex is defined as the one which produces the larger gamete (i.e., reproductive cell) and which typically bears the offspring. The category of sex reflects the biological reproductive function, rather than sexaulity or other behaviors. In some lower animals, sex may be assigned to specific structures rather than the entire organism as some species, such a ...

Including:

• Sex - Sex in non-animal species
• Sex - Sex among humans
• Sex - Discordance
• Sex - Biological varieties of discordance
• Sex - Psychological behavioral and cultural varieties of discordance
• Sex - Social and legal considerations

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A flower (<Old French flo(u)r<Latin florem<flos), also known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also called angiosperms). The flower structure contains the plant's reproductive organs, and its function is to produce seeds through sexual reproduction. For the higher plants, seeds are the next generation, and serve as the primary means by which individuals of a species are dispersed across the landscape. ...

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• Flower - Flower anatomy
• Flower - Floral formula
• Flower - Flower function
• Flower - Flowers in gardening and horticulture
• Flower - Flowers in the arts
• Flower - Flowers in everyday life
• Flower - Flowers as symbols
• Flower - Galleries
• Flower - Types of Flowers
• Flower - Other Pages

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In placental mammals, offspring are born as juveniles: complete animals with the sex organs present although non-functional. After several months or years, the sex organs develop further to maturity and the animal becomes sexually mature. Most female mammals are only fertile during certain periods and during those times, they are said to be "in heat". At this point, the animal is ready to mate. Individual male and female mammals meet and carry out copulation. For most mammals, males and ...

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Sexual reproduction, Sexual reproduction - Sexual reproduction of protists and fungi, Sexual reproduction - Reproduction in flowering plants, Sexual reproduction - Reproduction in reptiles, Sexual reproduction - Reproduction in birds, Sexual reproduction - Reproduction in mammals, Sexual reproduction - The mammalian male, Sexual reproduction - The mammalian female, Sexual reproduction - Gestation, Sexual reproduction - Birth, Sexual reproduction - Monotremes, Sexual reproduction - Marsupials, Sexual reproduction - Origin of Sexual Reproduction

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Plants are generally hermaphrodites, but this terminology is quickly complicated by variations in the degree of sexuality. As with animals, there are only two types of gametes. These are generally called male and female based on their relative sizes and motility. In flowering plants, flowers bear the gametes. In some cases, flowers may contain only one type of gamete while in others they may contain both. In other varieties of multicellular life (e.g. the fungi division, Basidiomycota) sexual characteristics can be much more complex, and may involve many more th ...

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Sex, Sex - Sex in non-animal species

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The characteristic feature of angiosperms is the flower, which shows remarkable variation in form and elaboration, and provides the most trustworthy external characteristics for establishing relationships among angiosperm species. The function of the flower is that of ensuring fertilization of the ovule and development of fruit containing seeds. The floral apparatus may arise terminally on a shoot or from the axil of a leaf. Occasionally, as in violet, a flower arises singly in the axil of an ordinary foliage-leaf. However, more typically, t ...

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Flowering plant, Flowering plant - History, Flowering plant - Origins, Flowering plant - Classification, Flowering plant - Families of flowering plants, Flowering plant - Internal structure, Flowering plant - Vegetative organs, Flowering plant - The flower fruit and seed, Flowering plant - Flowering plant sexuality, Flowering plant - Fertilization, Flowering plant - Embryology, Flowering plant - Fruit and seed, Flowering plant - Economic importance

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In humans, sex is conventionally perceived as a dichotomous state or identity for most biological and social purposes, such that a person can only be female or male. However, when the criteria which are generally used to define femaleness or maleness are examined more closely, it becomes apparent that the assignment or determination of 'sex' occurs at multiple levels. Environmental, biological, social, psychological and other factors are all believed to have some role in this process, and the complex intera ...

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Sex, Sex - Sex in non-animal species, Sex - Sex among humans, Sex - Discordance, Sex - Biological varieties of discordance, Sex - Psychological behavioral and cultural varieties of discordance, Sex - Social and legal considerations

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Flowering plants are heterosporangiate (producing two types of reproductive spores) and the pollen (male spores) and ovules (female spores) are produced in different organs, but these are together in a bisporangiate strobilus that is the typical flower. A flower is regarded as a modified stem (Eames, 1961) with shortened internodes and bearing, at its nodes, structures that may be highly modified leaves. In essence, a flower structure forms on a modified shoot or axis with an apical meristem that doe ...

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Flower, Flower - Flower anatomy, Flower - Floral formula, Flower - Flower function, Flower - Flowers in gardening and horticulture, Flower - Flowers in the arts, Flower - Flowers in everyday life, Flower - Flowers as symbols, Flower - Galleries, Flower - Types of Flowers, Flower - Other Pages

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The characteristic feature of angiosperms is the flower, which shows remarkable variation in form and elaboration, and provides the most trustworthy external characteristics for establishing relationships among angiosperm species. The function of the flower is that of ensuring fertilization of the ovule and development of fruit containing seeds. The floral apparatus may arise terminally on a shoot or from the axil of a leaf. Occasionally, as in violet, a flower arises singly in the axil of an ordinary foliage-leaf. However, more typically, t ...

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Flowering plant, Flowering plant - History, Flowering plant - Origins, Flowering plant - Classification, Flowering plant - Families of flowering plants, Flowering plant - Internal structure, Flowering plant - Vegetative organs, Flowering plant - The flower, fruit, and seed, Flowering plant - Flowering plant sexuality, Flowering plant - Fertilization, Flowering plant - Embryology, Flowering plant - Fruit and seed, Flowering plant - Economic importance

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Many flowers have important symbolic meanings in Western culture. The practice of assigning meanings to flowers is known as floriography. Some of the more common examples include: Red roses are given as a symbol of love, beauty, and passion. Poppies are a symbol of consolation in time of death. In the UK, Australia and Canada, red poppies are worn to commemorate soldiers who have died in times of war. Irises are a symbol of death. Daisies are a symbol of innocence. Flowers within art are also representative of the female genitalia, as seen in the works of artists such as Georgia O ...

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Flower, Flower - Flower anatomy, Flower - Floral formula, Flower - Flower function, Flower - Flowers in gardening and horticulture, Flower - Flowers in the arts, Flower - Flowers in everyday life, Flower - Flowers as symbols, Flower - Galleries, Flower - Types of Flowers, Flower - Other Pages

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In modern times, people have sought ways to cultivate, buy, wear, or just be around flowers and blooming plants, partly because of their agreeable smell. Around the world, florists sell flowers for a wide range of events and functions that, cumulatively, encompass one's lifetime: For new births or Christenings Lilium hybrid "Stargazer" is extremely fragrant. As a corsage o ...

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Flower, Flower - Flower anatomy, Flower - Floral formula, Flower - Flower function, Flower - Flowers in gardening and horticulture, Flower - Flowers in the arts, Flower - Flowers in everyday life, Flower - Flowers as symbols, Flower - Galleries, Flower - Types of Flowers, Flower - Other Pages

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The great variety of delicate and beautiful flowers has inspired the works of many poets, especially from the Romantic era. Famous examples include and William Wordsworth's I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud and William Blake's Ah! Sun-Flower: Ah, Sun-flower weary of time, Who countest the steps of the Sun, Seeking after that sweet golden clime Where the traveller's journey is done: Where the Youth pined away with desire, And the pale Virgin shrouded in snow Arise from their graves, and aspire Where my Sun-flower wishes to go. ...

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Flower, Flower - Flower anatomy, Flower - Floral formula, Flower - Flower function, Flower - Flowers in gardening and horticulture, Flower - Flowers in the arts, Flower - Flowers in everyday life, Flower - Flowers as symbols, Flower - Galleries, Flower - Types of Flowers, Flower - Other Pages

Read more here: » Flower: Encyclopedia II - Flower - Flowers in the arts