Lightcurve analysis indicates a somewhat angular shape and that Iris' pole points towards ecliptic coordinates (β, λ) = (10°, 20°) with a 10° uncertainty [4]. This gives an axial tilt of 85°, so that on almost a whole hemisphee of Iris, the sun does not set during summer, and does not rise during winter. On an airless body this gives rise to very large temperature differences. Iris' surface likely exhibits albedo differences, with possibly a large bright area ...

See also:

7 Iris, 7 Iris - Discovery and name, 7 Iris - Characteristics, 7 Iris - Aspects

Read more here: » 7 Iris: Encyclopedia II - 7 Iris - Characteristics

The cosmological principle states that at the largest scales, the universe is homogenous and isotropic, meaning that it should look the same in any direction. The HDF-S would thus be expected to strongly resemble the HDF-N, and this was indeed the case, with large numbers of galaxies visible displaying a similar range of colours and morphologies to those seen in the HDF-N. One difference with the HDF-N was that the HDF-S included a known quasar with a redshift value of 2.24. This was included in the field to allow simultaneous ...

See also:

Hubble Deep Field South, Hubble Deep Field South - Planning, Hubble Deep Field South - Observations, Hubble Deep Field South - Contents of the HDF-S, Hubble Deep Field South - Scientific results

Read more here: » Hubble Deep Field South: Encyclopedia II - Hubble Deep Field South - Contents of the HDF-S

There are no stars brighter than 4th magnitude in this constellation. The least faint one is α Vul (Anser), a red giant (spectral type M0 III) at a distance of 297 light-years with an apparent magnitude of 4.44. Anser is an optical binary (separation of 413.7") that can be split using binoculars. The second star is 8 Vul. In 1967, the first pulsar, PSR 1919+21, was discovered in this little constellation by Antony Hewish and Jocelyn Bell, in Cambridge. While they were searching for scintillation of radio signals of ...

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Vulpecula, Vulpecula - Notable features, Vulpecula - Notable deep sky objects, Vulpecula - History, Vulpecula - Mythology, Vulpecula - Notable and named stars

Read more here: » Vulpecula: Encyclopedia II - Vulpecula - Notable features

During his stay in Brussels, his first work appeared: Ephemerides novae at auctae, first published by Arnold Birckmann of Cologne in 1554. An ephemeris (plural: ephemerides) (from the Greek word ephemeros, "daily") was, traditionally, a table providing the positions (given in a Cartesian coordinate system, or in right ascension and declination or, for astrologers, in longitude along the zodiacal ecliptic), of the Sun, the Moon, and the planets in the sky at a given moment in time; the astrological positions are usually given for either noon or midni ...

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Johannes Stadius, Johannes Stadius - Ephemerides, Johannes Stadius - Death and Legacy

Read more here: » Johannes Stadius: Encyclopedia II - Johannes Stadius - Ephemerides

The rationale behind making another Deep Field image was to provide observatories in the southern hemisphere with a similarly deep optical image of the distant universe as had been provided to those in the northern hemisphere. As with the original Hubble Deep Field (referred to hereafter as the 'HDF-N'), the target area was selected to be far from the plane of the Milky Way's galactic disk, which contains a large amount of obscuring matter, and to contain as few galactic stars as possible. It lay in the Space Telescope's southern Continuous ...

See also:

Hubble Deep Field South, Hubble Deep Field South - Planning, Hubble Deep Field South - Observations, Hubble Deep Field South - Contents of the HDF-S, Hubble Deep Field South - Scientific results

Read more here: » Hubble Deep Field South: Encyclopedia II - Hubble Deep Field South - Planning

Vesta was discovered by the German astronomer Heinrich Wilhelm Olbers on March 29, 1807. He allowed the prominent mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss to name the asteroid after the Roman virgin goddess of home and hearth, Vesta. After the discovery of Vesta in 1807, no further asteroids were discovered for 38 years. During this time the four known asteroids were counted among the planets, and each had its own ...

See also:

4 Vesta, 4 Vesta - Discovery, 4 Vesta - Physical characteristics, 4 Vesta - Geology, 4 Vesta - Surface features, 4 Vesta - Further details, 4 Vesta - Aspects

Read more here: » 4 Vesta: Encyclopedia II - 4 Vesta - Discovery

The nebula was discovered by William Herschel on February 15, 1786, and was the first planetary nebula to be observed with a spectroscope, by William Huggins in 1864. Huggins' observations were the first indication that planetary nebulae consist of extremely rarefied gases. Since those early observations, NGC 6543 has been observed right across the electromagnetic spectrum.

See also:

Cat's Eye Nebula, Cat's Eye Nebula - General information, Cat's Eye Nebula - Observations, Cat's Eye Nebula - Infrared observations, Cat's Eye Nebula - Optical and ultraviolet observations, Cat's Eye Nebula - X-ray observations, Cat's Eye Nebula - Distance, Cat's Eye Nebula - Age, Cat's Eye Nebula - Composition, Cat's Eye Nebula - Kinematics and morphology, Cat's Eye Nebula - Open questions

Read more here: » Cat's Eye Nebula: Encyclopedia II - Cat's Eye Nebula - Observations

NGC 6543 is structurally a very complex nebula, and the mechanism or mechanisms which have given rise to its complicated morphology are not well understood. The structure of the bright portion of the nebula is primarily caused by the interaction of a fast stellar wind being emitted by the central star with material ejected during the formation of the nebula. This interaction causes the emission of X-rays discussed above. The stellar wind has 'hollowed out' the inner bubble of the nebula, ...

See also:

Cat's Eye Nebula, Cat's Eye Nebula - General information, Cat's Eye Nebula - Observations, Cat's Eye Nebula - Infrared observations, Cat's Eye Nebula - Optical and ultraviolet observations, Cat's Eye Nebula - X-ray observations, Cat's Eye Nebula - Distance, Cat's Eye Nebula - Age, Cat's Eye Nebula - Composition, Cat's Eye Nebula - Kinematics and morphology, Cat's Eye Nebula - Open questions

Read more here: » Cat's Eye Nebula: Encyclopedia II - Cat's Eye Nebula - Kinematics and morphology

Coma Berenices contains the North Galactic Pole, at right ascension 12h 51.42m and declination 27° 07.8′ (epoch J2000.0). The constellation is not particularly bright, having no stars brighter than fourth magnitude. β Comae Berenices is the brightest star in the constellation, at magnitude 4.26. It is intrinsically only a little brighter than our Sun, which gives us an idea of how faint the S ...

See also:

Coma Berenices, Coma Berenices - Notable features, Coma Berenices - Notable deep sky objects, Coma Berenices - Coma Berenices Cluster, Coma Berenices - Galaxies, Coma Berenices - Globular clusters, Coma Berenices - History and mythology, Coma Berenices - Table of leading stars, Coma Berenices - Stars, Coma Berenices - Galaxies in Coma Berenices

Read more here: » Coma Berenices: Encyclopedia II - Coma Berenices - Notable features

The V-type asteroid 1929 Kollaa was determined to have a composition akin to cumulate eucrite meteorites, indicating its origin deep within the Vestian crust [12]. Vesta is currently one of only four identified Solar system bodies for which we have physical samples, the others being Mars, the Moon, and Earth itself. Our knowledge about Vesta is expected to increase tremendously when the Dawn probe enters orbit around the asteroid for nine months in 2010-2011.< ...

See also:

4 Vesta, 4 Vesta - Discovery, 4 Vesta - Physical characteristics, 4 Vesta - Geology, 4 Vesta - Surface features, 4 Vesta - Further details, 4 Vesta - Aspects

Read more here: » 4 Vesta: Encyclopedia II - 4 Vesta - Further details

The field selected for the observations needed to fulfil several criteria. It had to be at a high galactic latitude, because dust and obscuring matter in the plane of the Milky Way's disc prevents observations of distant galaxies. The target field had to avoid known bright sources of visible light (such as foreground stars), and infrared, ultraviolet and X-ray emissions, to facilitate later studies at many wavelengths of the objects in the deep field, and also needed to be in a region with a low background infrared 'cirrus', the diffuse, wispy infrared emission believed to be caused by warm dus ...

See also:

Hubble Deep Field, Hubble Deep Field - Conception, Hubble Deep Field - Target selection, Hubble Deep Field - Observations, Hubble Deep Field - Data processing, Hubble Deep Field - Contents of the Deep Field, Hubble Deep Field - Scientific results, Hubble Deep Field - Subsequent observations

Read more here: » Hubble Deep Field: Encyclopedia II - Hubble Deep Field - Target selection

For Vesta, uniquely among all the asteroids, there is a large collection of samples accessible to scientists, in the form of over 200 HED meteorites. This has allowed insight into Vesta's geologic history and structure. Vesta is thought to consist of a metallic iron-nickel core, an overlying rocky olivine mantle, with a surface crust. From the first appearance of Ca-Al-rich inclusions (the first solid matter in the Solar System, forming about 4570 million years ago), a likely timeline is as follows [6][7][8]: a ...

See also:

4 Vesta, 4 Vesta - Discovery, 4 Vesta - Physical characteristics, 4 Vesta - Geology, 4 Vesta - Surface features, 4 Vesta - Further details, 4 Vesta - Aspects

Read more here: » 4 Vesta: Encyclopedia II - 4 Vesta - Geology

The Imperium is nominally ruled by the most beneficent God-Emperor of Mankind. However, since his ascension to the Golden Throne following his confrontation with Warmaster Horus, the duties of actually ruling the Imperium are carried out by the Senatorum Imperialis, the twelve High Lords of Terra. The identities and precise responsibilities of these High Lords vary, but members include a representative of the Inquisition, the Master of the Administratum, the Fabricator General of the Adeptus Mecha ...

See also:

Imperium Warhammer 40000, Imperium Warhammer 40000 - History of the Imperium, Imperium Warhammer 40000 - The Imperium in the 41st millennium, Imperium Warhammer 40000 - The Adeptus Terra, Imperium Warhammer 40000 - The Imperial Commanders, Imperium Warhammer 40000 - Forces of the Imperium, Imperium Warhammer 40000 - Themes and History of the Imperium, Imperium Warhammer 40000 - Alternate Themes, Imperium Warhammer 40000 - Background to the Imperium in other Science Fiction

Read more here: » Imperium Warhammer 40000: Encyclopedia II - Imperium Warhammer 40000 - The Imperium in the 41st millennium

Coma Berenices has been known as an distinct asterism since ancient Greek times. Eratosthenes referred to the it as both "Ariadne's Hair" and "Berenices' Hair". Ptolemy referred to it as "the lock" (of hair); however, he did not list it as one of his 48 constellations, considering it as part of Leo. For many years, Coma Berenices was considered usually as the tuft in Leo's tail, or sometimes as part of Virgo. During the 16th century, a few maps that were made of the sky pictured two new constellations, including Coma Berenices. Tycho ...

See also:

Coma Berenices, Coma Berenices - Notable features, Coma Berenices - Notable deep sky objects, Coma Berenices - Coma Berenices Cluster, Coma Berenices - Galaxies, Coma Berenices - Globular clusters, Coma Berenices - History and mythology, Coma Berenices - Table of leading stars, Coma Berenices - Stars, Coma Berenices - Galaxies in Coma Berenices

Read more here: » Coma Berenices: Encyclopedia II - Coma Berenices - History and mythology

Once a field had been selected, an observing strategy had to be developed. An important decision was to determine which filters the observations would use; WFPC2 is equipped with forty-eight filters, including narrowband filters isolating particular emission lines of astrophysical interest, and broadband filters useful for the study of the colours of stars and galaxies. The choice of filters to be used for the HDF depended on the 'throughput' of each filter— the total proportion of light that it allows through— and the spectral coverage available. Filters with bandpasses ...

See also:

Hubble Deep Field, Hubble Deep Field - Conception, Hubble Deep Field - Target selection, Hubble Deep Field - Observations, Hubble Deep Field - Data processing, Hubble Deep Field - Contents of the Deep Field, Hubble Deep Field - Scientific results, Hubble Deep Field - Subsequent observations

Read more here: » Hubble Deep Field: Encyclopedia II - Hubble Deep Field - Observations

The final images revealed a plethora of distant, faint galaxies. About 3,000 distinct galaxies could be identified in the images, with both irregular and spiral galaxies clearly visible, although some galaxies in the field are only a few pixels across. In all, the HDF is thought to contain fewer than ten galactic foreground stars; by far the majority of objects in the field are distant galaxies. There are about fifty blue point-like objects in the HDF. Many seem to be associated with nearby galaxies, which together form chains and arc ...

See also:

Hubble Deep Field, Hubble Deep Field - Conception, Hubble Deep Field - Target selection, Hubble Deep Field - Observations, Hubble Deep Field - Data processing, Hubble Deep Field - Contents of the Deep Field, Hubble Deep Field - Scientific results, Hubble Deep Field - Subsequent observations

Read more here: » Hubble Deep Field: Encyclopedia II - Hubble Deep Field - Contents of the Deep Field

In this message I wish to speak to you of what are called the Indigo children. They ride the Indigo Ray and have a specific purpose on Earth. They are here to change the world and they will do whatever it takes, including sacrificing themselves in the process when necessary. It is their mission and one which they have wholeheartedly accepted. To this point I would remind you that they know that the earth plane is a plane of illusion. They know they live beyond the physical body they currently inhabit. At other levels of your beingness you are also well aware of this fact. You were required to forget this when you took your embodiment but in your own wake-up process you shall remember.

(See also: Indigo Children, What is Indigo Children, Parenting Indigo Children, Adult Indigo, Indigo Children Channeling)

Ceres is the largest known asteroid in the asteroid belt, which mostly lies between Mars and Jupiter. However the Kuiper belt is known to contain larger objects, including Pluto, 50000 Quaoar, 90482 Orcus, the recently discovered 2003 UB313, and possibly 90377 Sedna. At certain points in its orbit, Ceres can reach a magnitude of 7.0. This is generally regarded as being just barely too dim to be seen with the naked eye, but under exceptional viewing conditions a very sharp-sighted person may be able to see the asteroid with the naked eye. The only other aste ...

See also:

1 Ceres, 1 Ceres - Name, 1 Ceres - Discovery, 1 Ceres - Physical characteristics, 1 Ceres - Observations, 1 Ceres - Trivia, 1 Ceres - Aspects, 1 Ceres - External link

Read more here: » 1 Ceres: Encyclopedia II - 1 Ceres - Physical characteristics

Some Vestian surface features have been resolved using the Hubble Space Telescope and ground based telescopes, e.g. the Keck Telescope. The most prominent surface feature is an enormous crater 460 km in diameter centered near the south pole [5]. Its width is 80% of the entire diameter of Vesta. The floor of this crater is about 13 km below, and its rim rises 4-12 km above the surrounding terrain, with total surface relief of about 25 km. A central peak rises 18 km above the crater floor. It is estimated that the impact resp ...

See also:

4 Vesta, 4 Vesta - Discovery, 4 Vesta - Physical characteristics, 4 Vesta - Geology, 4 Vesta - Surface features, 4 Vesta - Further details, 4 Vesta - Aspects

Read more here: » 4 Vesta: Encyclopedia II - 4 Vesta - Surface features

Ceres was discovered by accident. Piazzi was searching for a star listed by Francis Wollaston as Mayer 87 because it was not in Mayer's zodiacal catalogue in the position given (it eventually transpired that Wollaston had made a mistake —the star was in fact Lacaille 87). Instead, Piazzi found a moving star-like object, which he thought at first was a comet. Piazzi observed Ceres a total of 24 times, the final time on February 11, when illness interrupted. On 24 January 1801, Piazzi announced his discovery in letters to fellow astro ...

See also:

1 Ceres, 1 Ceres - Name, 1 Ceres - Discovery, 1 Ceres - Physical characteristics, 1 Ceres - Observations, 1 Ceres - Trivia, 1 Ceres - Aspects, 1 Ceres - External link

Read more here: » 1 Ceres: Encyclopedia II - 1 Ceres - Discovery

One of the key aims of the astronomers who designed the Hubble Space Telescope was to use its high optical resolution to study distant galaxies to a level of detail that was not possible from the ground. Although the telescope's mirror suffered from spherical aberration when the telescope was launched in 1990, it could still be used to take images of more distant galaxies than had previously been obtainable. Because light takes billions of years to reach Earth from very distant galaxies, we see them as they were billions of years ago; thus, extending the scope of such research to increasingly distant galaxies a ...

See also:

Hubble Deep Field, Hubble Deep Field - Conception, Hubble Deep Field - Target selection, Hubble Deep Field - Observations, Hubble Deep Field - Data processing, Hubble Deep Field - Contents of the Deep Field, Hubble Deep Field - Scientific results, Hubble Deep Field - Subsequent observations

Read more here: » Hubble Deep Field: Encyclopedia II - Hubble Deep Field - Conception

The production of a final combined image at each wavelength was a complex process. Bright pixels caused by cosmic ray impacts during exposures were removed by comparing exposures of equal length taken one after the other, and identifying pixels that were affected by cosmic rays in one exposure but not the other. Trails of space debris and artificial satellites were present in the original images, and were carefully removed. Scattered light from the Earth was evident in about a quarter of the data frames. This was removed by taking an ...

See also:

Hubble Deep Field, Hubble Deep Field - Conception, Hubble Deep Field - Target selection, Hubble Deep Field - Observations, Hubble Deep Field - Data processing, Hubble Deep Field - Contents of the Deep Field, Hubble Deep Field - Scientific results, Hubble Deep Field - Subsequent observations

Read more here: » Hubble Deep Field: Encyclopedia II - Hubble Deep Field - Data processing