India's wetland ecosystem is widely distributed from the cold and arid; from ones in the Ladakh region in the state of Jammu and Kashmir to the ones in the wet and humid climate of peninsula India. Most of the wetlands are directly or indirectly linked to India's river networks. The Indian government has identified a total of 22 wetlands for conservation. Among the protected wetlands are the tropical mangrove forests in peninsula ...

See also:

Geography of India, Geography of India - Location and extent, Geography of India - Political geography, Geography of India - Geographical regions, Geography of India - Mountains, Geography of India - Indo-Gangetic plain, Geography of India - Thar Desert, Geography of India - Highlands, Geography of India - East coast, Geography of India - West coast, Geography of India - Islands, Geography of India - Rivers, Geography of India - Bodies of water, Geography of India - Wetlands, Geography of India - The Sundarbans, Geography of India - Rann of Kutch, Geography of India - Climate, Geography of India - Geology, Geography of India - Natural disasters, Geography of India - Natural resources, Geography of India - International agreements, Geography of India - Notes

Read more here: » Geography of India: Encyclopedia II - Geography of India - Wetlands

India's climate is strongly influenced by the Himalayas and the Thar Desert. The Himalayas, along with the Hindu Kush mountains in Pakistan, provide a barrier to the cold winds from central Asia. This keeps most of the Indian subcontinent warmer than most locations in similar latitudes. The Thar Desert is responsible for attracting the moisture laden monsoon winds that provide most of India's rainfall. It is difficult to generalise India's climate. India's huge size sees climatic conditions in Kashmir having little relation to that in ...

See also:

Geography of India, Geography of India - Location and extent, Geography of India - Political geography, Geography of India - Geographical regions, Geography of India - Mountains, Geography of India - Indo-Gangetic plain, Geography of India - Thar Desert, Geography of India - Highlands, Geography of India - East coast, Geography of India - West coast, Geography of India - Islands, Geography of India - Rivers, Geography of India - Bodies of water, Geography of India - Wetlands, Geography of India - The Sundarbans, Geography of India - Rann of Kutch, Geography of India - Climate, Geography of India - Geology, Geography of India - Natural disasters, Geography of India - Natural resources, Geography of India - International agreements, Geography of India - Notes

Read more here: » Geography of India: Encyclopedia II - Geography of India - Climate

As in the East, expansion into the plains and mountains by miners, ranchers and settlers led to increasing conflicts with the indigenous population of the West. Many tribes — from the Utes of the Great Basin to the Nez Perces of Idaho — fought the whites at one time or another. But the Sioux of the Northern Plains and the Apache of the Southwest provided the most significant opposition to encroachment on tribal lands. Led by resolute, militant leaders, such as Red Cloud and Crazy Horse, the Sioux were skilled at high-speed mounted warfar ...

See also:

Indian Wars, Indian Wars - Overview, Indian Wars - Colonial era 1622–1775, Indian Wars - East of the Mississippi 1775–1842, Indian Wars - American Revolutionary War, Indian Wars - Northwest Indian War, Indian Wars - Tecumseh the Creek War and the War of 1812, Indian Wars - Wars of removal, Indian Wars - West of the Mississippi 1861–1890, Indian Wars - Wars of the West timeline, Indian Wars - Notes

Read more here: » Indian Wars: Encyclopedia II - Indian Wars - West of the Mississippi 1861–1890

As in the East, expansion into the plains and mountains by miners, ranchers and settlers led to increasing conflicts with the indigenous population of the West. Many tribes — from the Utes of the Great Basin to the Nez Perces of Idaho — fought the whites at one time or another. But the Sioux of the Northern Plains and the Apache of the Southwest provided the most significant opposition to encroachment on tribal lands. Led by resolute, militant leaders, such as Red Cloud and Crazy Horse, the Sioux were skilled at high-speed mounted warfar ...

See also:

Indian Wars, Indian Wars - Colonial era 1622–1775, Indian Wars - East of the Mississippi 1775–1842, Indian Wars - American Revolutionary War, Indian Wars - Northwest Indian War, Indian Wars - Tecumseh the Creek War and the War of 1812, Indian Wars - Wars of removal, Indian Wars - West of the Mississippi 1861–1890, Indian Wars - Wars of the West timeline, Indian Wars - Notes

Read more here: » Indian Wars: Encyclopedia II - Indian Wars - West of the Mississippi 1861–1890

Miwok - Bay Miwok. The Bay Miwok inhabited the general area of modern Contra Costa County. Miwok - Plains Miwok. The Plains Miwok inhabited the general area of modern San Joaquin County. Miwok - Northern Sierra Miwok. The Northern Miwok inhabited the upper watersheds of the Mokelumne River and the Calaveras River. Indian Grinding Rock State Historic Park near Volcano, California. See also:

Miwok, Miwok - Plains and Sierra Miwok, Miwok - Bay Miwok, Miwok - Plains Miwok, Miwok - Northern Sierra Miwok, Miwok - Central Sierra Miwok, Miwok - Southern Sierra Miwok, Miwok - Coast Miwok, Miwok - Lake Miwok, Miwok - U.S. Recognition

Read more here: » Miwok: Encyclopedia II - Miwok - Plains and Sierra Miwok

The French and Indian War, unlike the others, began on North American soil and then spread to Europe, where Britain and France continued fighting. Britain officially declared war on France in 1756, marking the beginnings of the Seven Years' War in Europe. Native Americans fought for both sides but primarily alongside the French. The major battles include French victories at Fort William Henry, Carillon, the Monongahela, Fort Duquesne, and Sainte-Foy; and British victories at Louisburg, Fort Beausejour, Fort Niagara, and the Plains of Abraham ...

See also:

French and Indian War, French and Indian War - Nomenclature, French and Indian War - Series of North American conflicts 17th century-18th century, French and Indian War - Overview, French and Indian War - Trivia, French and Indian War - List of battles and expeditions

Read more here: » French and Indian War: Encyclopedia II - French and Indian War - Overview

Though some historians disagree, the Texas Longhorn is generally thought to have been created as a cross between the Spanish retinto (criollo) stock left in the United States by Spanish explorers and English cattle brought to Texas from southern and midwestern states in the 1820s and 1830s. The breed began to gain popularity in the late 1870s, when buffalo herds were slaughtered and ranging tribes of Plains Indians largely confined. As a result, ranches began to spread northward to the open range of the Great Plains. Texas Longhorns, ...

See also:

Texas longhorn, Texas longhorn - History of the breed, Texas longhorn - Sources

Read more here: » Texas longhorn: Encyclopedia II - Texas longhorn - History of the breed

Gangetic Plain: The densely populated plain surrounding India's most sacred river, the Ganges (Ganga), an immense, fertile area of 300,000 square miles, 90 to 300 miles wide.

See: Ganges.

(See also: Gangetic Plain, Hinduism, Body Mind and Soul)

During the Civil War, the Indians on the Great Plains were generally peaceful. In 1864, Major John Chivington (a state militia officer) attacked a peaceful village of Arapahos and Southern Cheyenne at Sand Creek in Colorado, killing over 150 Indians. That attack ignited a general war with the Indians. The protection of the Great Plains fell under the Department of the Missouri. General Winfield Scott Hancock was assigned to the Department of Missouri in 1866 but had been unable to get the Indians to abide by their treaties or by the n ...

See also:

Philip Sheridan, Philip Sheridan - Early life, Philip Sheridan - Civil War, Philip Sheridan - Army of the Shenandoah, Philip Sheridan - Final drive, Philip Sheridan - Reconstruction, Philip Sheridan - Indian Wars, Philip Sheridan - Other assignments, Philip Sheridan - Yellowstone, Philip Sheridan - Personal life, Philip Sheridan - In memoriam

Read more here: » Philip Sheridan: Encyclopedia II - Philip Sheridan - Indian Wars

The route leaves East Perth Station and travels east to Kalgoorlie. This section was built as narrow gauge, and even when it was converted to standard gauge in 1968 there was a change of locomotives and train crew at Kalgoorlie from Westrail crew to Australian National Railways. From there it continues east across the Nullarbor Plain on the Trans-Australian Railway to Port Augusta. This railway was built as standard gauge, completed in 1917 as part of the promises made to Western Australia on federation in 1901. The section includes the longest straight stretch of railway track in the world (479 km) around Cook. When it was built, ...

See also:

Indian Pacific, Indian Pacific - Route, Indian Pacific - Passenger Facilities, Indian Pacific - Christmas Train, Indian Pacific - Incidents

Read more here: » Indian Pacific: Encyclopedia II - Indian Pacific - Route

Medicine Wheel

1.    Plains Indians' way of life symbolizing a dynamic, spirallic understanding of the universe.

2.    An ancient stone circle that has been used for thousands of years by Native people as a place for prayer, ceremony, and self-understanding

(See also: Medicine Wheel, Body Mind and Soul)

Though some historians disagree, the Texas longhorn is generally thought to have been created as a cross between the Spanish retinto (criollo) stock left in the United States by Spanish explorers and English cattle brought to Texas from southern and midwestern states in the 1820s and 1830s. The breed began to gain popularity in the late 1870s, when buffalo herds were slaughtered and ranging tribes of Plains Indians largely confined. As a result, ranches began to spread northward to the open range of the Great Plains. Texas longhorns, ...

See also:

Texas longhorn cattle, Texas longhorn cattle - History of the breed, Texas longhorn cattle - Notes

Read more here: » Texas longhorn cattle: Encyclopedia II - Texas longhorn cattle - History of the breed

Delhi is located at 28.38° N and 77.13° E and lies in the northern part of India. It is bordered by the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh on the east and Haryana on the west. Delhi can be divided into three major geographical regions: the Yamuna flood plain, the ridge and the Plains. The low-lying Yamuna flood plains provide fertile alluvial soil suitable for agriculture. However, these plains are prone to recurrent floods. With an average altitude of 293 meters above sea level, the ridge forms the most dominating feature in this region. It or ...

See also:

Delhi, Delhi - History, Delhi - Ancient history, Delhi - 8th century to 16th century, Delhi - 16th century to Present, Delhi - Government, Delhi - Districts, Delhi - Suburbs/Satellite towns, Delhi - Geography and Climate, Delhi - Demographics, Delhi - Economy, Delhi - Tourism, Delhi - Entertainment, Delhi - Transportation, Delhi - Roadways, Delhi - Auto-rickshaws, Delhi - Buses, Delhi - Metro, Delhi - Taxis, Delhi - Railway connectivity, Delhi - Airports, Delhi - Sports, Delhi - Education, Delhi - Famous people from Delhi, Delhi - Newspapers

Read more here: » Delhi: Encyclopedia II - Delhi - Geography and Climate

Delhi is located at 28.38° N and 77.13° E and lies in northern India. It borders the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh on the east and Haryana on the west. Delhi can be divided into three major geographical regions: the Yamuna flood plain, the ridge and the Gangetic Plains. The low-lying Yamuna flood plains provide fertile alluvial soil suitable for agriculture. However, these plains are prone to recurrent floods. With an average altitude of 293 m above sea level, the ridge forms the most dominating feature in this region. It originates from t ...

See also:

Delhi, Delhi - History, Delhi - Ancient history, Delhi - 8th century to 16th century, Delhi - 16th century to Present, Delhi - Government, Delhi - Districts, Delhi - Suburbs/Satellite towns, Delhi - Geography and Climate, Delhi - Demographics, Delhi - Economy, Delhi - Tourism, Delhi - Entertainment, Delhi - Transportation, Delhi - Roadways, Delhi - Auto-rickshaws, Delhi - Taxis, Delhi - Buses, Delhi - Metro, Delhi - Railway connectivity, Delhi - Airports, Delhi - Sports, Delhi - Education, Delhi - Famous people from Delhi, Delhi - Newspapers

Read more here: » Delhi: Encyclopedia II - Delhi - Geography and Climate

Though a then-well-known cavalry officer of the Indian Wars, William Harney worked for peace with the Indians by advocating a good neighbor policy and strove throughout his career to improve the nation's treatment of the native population, vainly seeking to have them treated fairly. The Crows gave him the name "Man-who-runs-like-the-deer" after he challenged them to foot races outside the walls of the fort. After the Civil War he was a key figure in the Indian Peace Commission that negotiated treaties with all the Plains Indians in 1867-68, and urged Congress to honor past treaties. After his death in Orlando, Florida, the Sio ...

See also:

William S. Harney, William S. Harney - Early Military Career, William S. Harney - Civil War, William S. Harney - Peace Negotiator, William S. Harney - Sources

Read more here: » William S. Harney: Encyclopedia II - William S. Harney - Peace Negotiator

Pawnee - Overview. Descended from Caddoan linguistic stock, the Pawnee are not typically known as Plains Indians in the context of traditional representations; their villages constructed of earthen lodges tended to be permanent. They were an agricultural people who grew corn, beans, pumpkins and squash. With the coming of the horse culture to the Great Plains they did begin to take on some of the cultural attributes of their cousins, but the buffalo culture remained secondary to the maize culture. The Pawnee Conf ...

See also:

Pawnee, Pawnee - Social structure, Pawnee - Overview, Pawnee - Lodges, Pawnee - Political structure, Pawnee - Religion, Pawnee - History, Pawnee - Recent history, Pawnee - Bibliography

Read more here: » Pawnee: Encyclopedia II - Pawnee - Social structure

Carson was active in military service, reaching the brevet rank of brigadier-general. He fought against the Mexicans in California in the 1840s, and played a part in the Civil War and Indian campaigns against the Navajo and Plains tribes. Kit Carson - Civil War. When the Civil War erupted in April of 1861, Kit Carson resigned his post as federal Indian agent for northern New Mexico and offered to help organize the New Mexico volunteer infantry. Although New Mexico Territory officially allowed slavery, geog ...

See also:

Kit Carson, Kit Carson - Military service, Kit Carson - Civil War, Kit Carson - Navajo campaign, Kit Carson - Southern Plains campaign, Kit Carson - Colorado, Kit Carson - Legacy

Read more here: » Kit Carson: Encyclopedia II - Kit Carson - Military service

The battle takes its name from the village Asal Uttar which literally means "True North". Alternatively, it can also mean "Real Answer", which came to symbolise the Indian response to the attack which was named as such. The village lies in the western Indian state of Punjab, India in the Khemkaran sector, an area that saw regular fighting between the two nations. The plains provided for excellent d ...

See also:

Battle of Asal Uttar, Battle of Asal Uttar - Location and order of battle, Battle of Asal Uttar - Main battle, Battle of Asal Uttar - Conclusion

Read more here: » Battle of Asal Uttar: Encyclopedia II - Battle of Asal Uttar - Location and order of battle

MEDICINE WHEEL (Medicine Circle) -

1. Plains Indians way of life symbolizing a dynamic, spirallic understanding of the universe.

2. (l.c.) an ancient stone circle that has been used for thousands of years by Native people as a place for prayer, ceremony and self understanding. (Sun Bear) (NAD)

(See also: MEDICINE WHEEL, Wiccan Pagan, Paganism, Pagan Dictionary)

Delaplaine was incorporated as a town in April 1912 but has a history that dates back to the time of the French explorations. Early settlers found remains of a French-Indian trading post at the site. When the St. Louis-Iron Mountain Railroad pushed lines into northern Arkansas in 1873 a station was established called Grey's Station. The name was later changed to the French "De La Plaine" (of the plain) in recognition of the earlier French trading post. The rail line provided the entire county with passenger and freight services, especially for the local timber industry. The county's first newspaper was pu ...

See also:

Delaplaine Arkansas, Delaplaine Arkansas - History, Delaplaine Arkansas - Geography, Delaplaine Arkansas - Demographics

Read more here: » Delaplaine Arkansas: Encyclopedia II - Delaplaine Arkansas - History

Since the last great Ice Age, the Rocky Mountains were a sacred home first to Paleo-Indians and then to the Native American tribes of the Apache, Arapaho, Bannock, Blackfoot, Cheyenne, Crow. Flathead, Shoshoni, Sioux, Ute, and others (Johnson 1994). Paleo-Indians hunted the now-extinct mammoth and ancient bison (an animal 20% larger than modern bison) in the foothills and valleys of the mountains. Like the modern tribes that followed them, Paleo-Indians probably migrated to the plains in fall and winter for bison and to the mountains in spri ...

See also:

Rocky Mountains, Rocky Mountains - Geography and geology, Rocky Mountains - Human history, Rocky Mountains - Industry and development, Rocky Mountains - Tourism, Rocky Mountains - Climate

Read more here: » Rocky Mountains: Encyclopedia II - Rocky Mountains - Human history