Encyclopedia - Acid Dissociation Constant: Encyclopedia - Acid Dissociation Constant
In chemistry and biochemistry, acid dissociation constant, the acidity constant, or the acid-ionization constant (Ka) is a specific type ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Acid Dissociation Constant: Encyclopedia Ii - Acid Dissociation Constant - Relationship Between Acidity And Basicity Constants
There exists a relationship between the value of Ka for an acid HA and the value of Kb for its conjugate base A–. Since adding the ioni...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Acid Dissociation Constant: Encyclopedia Ii - Acid Dissociation Constant - Basicity Constant Of The Conjugate Base
By analogy, one can define the basicity constant (Kb) and the pKb of the conjugate base A–: pKb = −log10Kb T...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chloric Acid: Encyclopedia - Chloric Acid
Chloric acid, HClO3, is an oxoacid of chlorine, and the formal precursor of chlorate salts. It is a strong acid (pKa ≈ −1) and o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aldehyde: Encyclopedia - Aldehyde
An aldehyde is either a functional group consisting of a terminal carbonyl group or a compound containing a terminal carbonyl group. (Wh...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Acridine: Encyclopedia - Acridine
Acridine, C13H9N, is an organic compound and a nitrogen heterocycle. The compound is similar to anthracene with the central benzene ring...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chemistry Resources: Encyclopedia - Chemistry Resources
Chemistry resources is a collection of links and references that are useful for chemistry-related work. This includes free online chemic...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cysteine: Encyclopedia - Cysteine
Cysteine is a naturally occurring hydrophobic amino acid which has a sulfhydryl group and is found in most proteins, though only in small...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - N-butyllithium: Encyclopedia - N-butyllithium
The chemical compound n-butyllithium is the most prominent organolithium reagent. It has wide use as a polymer initiator in the productio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ushanka: Encyclopedia - Ushanka
An ushanka (уша́нка) [oo-shah-n-kah] is a Russian fur cap with ear flaps that can be tied up to the crown of the cap, which is oft...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate: Encyclopedia - Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is a cyclic nucleotide derived from guanosine triphosphate (GTP). cGMP acts as a second messenger m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dimethyl Sulfoxide: Encyclopedia - Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO, empirically C2H6OS), also known as methyl sulfoxide, dimethyl sulphoxide, dimethylsulfoxide, methylsulfinylmeth...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Boric Acid: Encyclopedia - Boric Acid
Boric acid, also called boracic acid or orthoboric acid, is a mild acid often used as an antiseptic, insecticide, flame retardant, and as...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arginine: Encyclopedia - Arginine
Arginine (Arg) is an α-amino acid. The L-form is one of the 20 most common natural amino acids. In mammals, arginine is classified as a ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Buffer Solution: Encyclopedia - Buffer Solution
Acid-base reaction theories pH Self-ionization of water Buffer solutions Systematic naming Redox reactions Electrochemistry Acids: Stron...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbonic Acid: Encyclopedia - Carbonic Acid
Carbonic acid is a carbon-containing acid with the formula H2CO3. It is also a name sometimes given to solutions of carbon dioxide in wat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Weak Base: Encyclopedia - Weak Base
Acid-base reaction theories pH Self-ionization of water Buffer solutions Systematic naming Redox reactions Electrochemistry Acids: Stron...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alcohol: Encyclopedia - Alcohol
In general usage, alcohol (from Arabic al-kukhul الكحول, al meaning 'the' and kukhul meaning 'spirit', the chemical) refers almost ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - At Sign: Encyclopedia - At Sign
apostrophe ( ' ) ( ’ ) brackets ( ( ) ) ( [ ] ) ( { } ) ( 〈 〉 ) colon ( : ) comma ( , ) dashes ( ‒ ) ( – ) ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Acid: Encyclopedia - Acid
Acid-base reaction theories pH Self-ionization of water Buffer solutions Systematic naming Redox reactions Electrochemistry Acids: Stron...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Acetic Acid: Encyclopedia - Acetic Acid
Acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid, is an organic chemical compound best recognized for giving vinegar its sour taste and pungent s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alkane: Encyclopedia - Alkane
An alkane in organic chemistry is a saturated hydrocarbon without cycles, that is, an acyclic hydrocarbon in which the molecule has the m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Acid Dissociation Constant: Encyclopedia Ii - Acid Dissociation Constant - The Relative Strengths Of Acids And Bases
The strengths of acids and bases in aqueous solutions are determined by the values of the dissociation constants Ka and Kb for acids and ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fatty Acid: Encyclopedia Ii - Fatty Acid - Ph
Formic acid and Acetic acid are totally soluble in water and dissociate to form reasonably strong acids (pKa respectively 3.77 and 4.76)....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chemistry Resources: Encyclopedia Ii - Chemistry Resources - Free Online Resources
Chemistry resources - Databases. Chemical catalog Compounds, analytical data Chmoogle The free chemistry search engine PubChem Compou...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cysteine: Encyclopedia Ii - Cysteine - Biochemistry
Cysteine contains a highly nucleophilic thiol group, and one of its primary purposes is to act as a nucleophilic catalyst. Since the pKa ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nitric Acid: Encyclopedia Ii - Nitric Acid - Chemistry
Nitric acid is a strong acid with a pKa of -2: in aqueous solution, it completely dissociates into the nitrate ion NO3− and a hydrated ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aldehyde: Encyclopedia Ii - Aldehyde - Structure
The aldehyde functional group is a carbon atom bonded to a carbonyl group and a hydrogen atom. Aldehyde - α carbon & α hydrogen. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hydronium: Encyclopedia Ii - Hydronium - Acids And Acidity
Hydronium is the cation that forms from water in the presence of hydrogen ions. These hydrons do not exist in a free state: they are extr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate: Encyclopedia Ii - Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate - Protein Kinase Activation
cGMP is involved in the regulation of some protein-dependent kinases. For example, PKG (protein kinase G) is a dimer consisting of one ca...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Indole: Encyclopedia Ii - Indole - Chemical Reactions Of Indole
Indole - Nitrogen basicity. Although the indole N-1 nitrogen atom has a lone pair of electrons, indole is not basic like amines and ani...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cimetidine: Encyclopedia Ii - Cimetidine - History And Development
Cimetidine was the prototypical histamine H2-receptor antagonist from which the later members of the class were developed. Cimetidine was...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Polyelectrolyte: Encyclopedia Ii - Polyelectrolyte - Polyelectrolyte Charge
Acids are classified as either weak or strong (and bases similarly may be either weak or strong). Similarly, polyelectrolytes can be divi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Buffer Solution: Encyclopedia Ii - Buffer Solution - Illustration Of The Effect Of Buffer Solutions On Ph
The ionization constant is: Since buffer solutions only involve weak acids and bases, it can be assumed that ionization of the acetic ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aziridine: Encyclopedia Ii - Aziridine - Synthesis
Aziridines can be prepared in organic synthesis in several ways. Aziridine - Cyclization of haloamines. An amine functional group displ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Acetic Acid: Encyclopedia Ii - Acetic Acid - Chemical Properties
The hydrogen (H) atom in the carboxyl group (−COOH) in carboxylic acids such as acetic acid can be given off as an H+ ion (proton), giv...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alkyne: Encyclopedia Ii - Alkyne - Examples
The simplest alkyne is ethyne (acetylene): ... See also:Alkyne, Alkyne - Structure, Alkyne - Chemical properties, Alkyne - Examples, A...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Schools In The United Kingdom: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Schools In The United Kingdom - Greater Glasgow
List of schools in the United Kingdom - Primary Schools. Atholl Preparatory School High School of Glasgow Junior (pka Drewsteinton) Hu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Long-term Potentiation: Encyclopedia Ii - Long-term Potentiation - Phases Of Ltp
LTP is often divided into two phases, an early, protein synthesis-independent phase (E-LTP) that lasts between one and five hours, and a ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Long-term Potentiation: Encyclopedia Ii - Long-term Potentiation - Phases Of Ltp
LTP is often divided into two phases, an early, protein synthesis-independent phase (E-LTP) that lasts between one and five hours, and a ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Eric R. Kandel: Encyclopedia Ii - Eric R. Kandel - Molecular Changes During Learning
Starting in 1966 James Schwartz collaborated with Kandel on a biochemical analysis of changes in neurons associated with learning and mem...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Umbelliferone: Encyclopedia Ii - Umbelliferone - Chemical Synthesis
Umbelliferone is traditionally synthesized using the Pechmann condensation, from resorcinol and formylacetic acid (generated from malic a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sds-page: Encyclopedia Ii - Sds-page - Procedure
The solution of proteins to be analyzed is first mixed with SDS, an anionic detergent which denatures secondary and non–disulfide–lin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - H₂-receptor Antagonist: Encyclopedia Ii - H₂-receptor Antagonist - History And Development
Cimetidine was the prototypical histamine H2-receptor antagonist from which the later members of the class were developed. Cimetidine was...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alkyne: Encyclopedia Ii - Alkyne - Synthesis
Alkynes are generally prepared by dehydrohalogenation of vicinal alkyl dihalides or the reaction of metal acetylides with primary alkyl h...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alcohol: Encyclopedia Ii - Alcohol - Physical And Chemical Properties
The hydroxyl group generally makes the alcohol molecule polar. Those groups can form hydrogen bonds to one another and to other compounds...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Amine Oxide: Encyclopedia Ii - Amine Oxide - Reactions
Amine oxide - Pyrolytic elimination. Amine oxides, when heated to 150 to 200 ºC eliminate a hydroxylamine, resulting in an alkene. Thi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Acridine: Encyclopedia Ii - Acridine - Sources
Acridine occurs naturally in coal tar. It is separated from coal tar by shaking out with dilute sulfuric acid, and then precipitating the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Thiol: Encyclopedia Ii - Thiol - Chemistry
The thiol group is the sulfur analog of the hydroxyl group (-OH) found in alcohols. Since sulfur and oxygen belong to the same periodic t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Titration: Encyclopedia Ii - Titration - Titration Curves
Titrations are often recorded on titration curves, whose compositions are generally identical: the independent variable is the volume of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Akt: Encyclopedia Ii - Akt - Regulation
Akt possesses a protein domain known as a PH domain, or Pleckstrin Homology domain, named after Pleckstrin, the protein in which it was f...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Countercurrent Chromatography: Encyclopedia Ii - Countercurrent Chromatography - High-speed Countercurrent Chromatography
The modern era of CCC began with the development by Dr. Yoichiro Ito (of the National Institutes of Health) of the planetary centrifuge, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aldehyde: Encyclopedia Ii - Aldehyde - Nomenclature
Aldehydes are named by IUPAC nomenclature by changing the suffix -e of the parent alkane to -al. Aliphatic aldehydes are named as derivat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbonic Acid: Encyclopedia Ii - Carbonic Acid - Acidity Of Carbonic Acid
Carbonic acid has two acidic hydrogens and so two dissociation constants: H2CO3 ⇌ HCO3− + H+ Ka1 = 2.5×10−4 mol/L; pKa1 = 3.60...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fatty Acid: Encyclopedia Ii - Fatty Acid - Free Fatty Acids
Fatty acids can be bound or attached to other molecules, like triglycerides or phospholipids. When they are not attached to other molecul...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hydronium: Encyclopedia Ii - Hydronium - Solvation
Researchers have yet to fully characterize the solvation of hydronium ion in water, in part because many different meanings of solvation ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Boric Acid: Encyclopedia Ii - Boric Acid - Properties
Boric acid is soluble in boiling water. When heated above 170°C it dehydrates, forming metaboric acid HBO2. Metaboric acid is a white, c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Methanethiol: Encyclopedia Ii - Methanethiol - Uses
Methanethiol is primarily used as an odorant to add warning properties to propane and natural gas used as fuel. Propane by itself is odor...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alkyne: Encyclopedia Ii - Alkyne - Terminal And Internal Alkynes
Terminal alkynes have a hydrogen atom bonded to at least one of the sp hybridized carbons (those involved in the triple bond. An example ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Indole: Encyclopedia Ii - Indole - History
Indole chemistry began to develop with the study of the dye indigo. This was converted to isatin and then to oxindole. Then, in 1866, Ado...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - H₂-receptor Antagonist: Encyclopedia Ii - H₂-receptor Antagonist - Clinical Use Of H2-antagonists
H₂-receptor antagonist - Indications. H2-antagonists are clinically used in the treatment of acid-related gastrointestinal conditions...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alcohol: Encyclopedia Ii - Alcohol - Reactions Of Alcohols
Alcohol - Deprotonation. Alcohols can behave as weak acids, undergoing deprotonation. The deprotonation reaction to produce an alkoxide...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Slovakia At The 2004 Summer Olympics: Encyclopedia Ii - Slovakia At The 2004 Summer Olympics - Results By Event
Slovakia at the 2004 Summer Olympics - Athletics. Women's 800 metres: Lucia Klocová - Round 1: 2:02.17, Semifinal: 2:00.79 Men's Mar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Indole: Encyclopedia Ii - Indole - Synthesis Of Indoles
Indole is a major constituent of coal-tar, and the 220-260 °C distillation fraction is the main industrial source of the material. Indol...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alcohol: Encyclopedia Ii - Alcohol - Structure
The functional group of an alcohol is a hydroxyl group bonded to an sp3 hybridized carbon. It can therefore be regarded as a derivative o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alcohol: Encyclopedia Ii - Alcohol - Uses
Alcohols are in wide use in industry and science as reagents, solvents, and fuels. Ethanol and methanol can be made to burn more cleanly ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alcohol: Encyclopedia Ii - Alcohol - Toxicity
Alcohols often have an odor described as 'biting' that 'hangs' in the nasal passages. Ethanol in the form of alcoholic beverages has been...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alcohol: Encyclopedia Ii - Alcohol - Preparation Of Alcohols
Alcohol - Laboratory. Several methods exist for the preparation of alcohols in the laboratory. Primary Alkyl halides react with aqueou...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hydrogen Sulfide: Encyclopedia Ii - Hydrogen Sulfide - Chemistry
Hydrogen sulfide is a covalent hydride chemically related to water (H2O) since oxygen and sulfur occur in the same periodic table group. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nitric Acid: Encyclopedia Ii - Nitric Acid - Synthesis And Production
Nitric acid is made by mixing nitrogen dioxide (NO2) with water. Creating a very pure nitric acid usually involves distillation with sulf...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alcohol: Encyclopedia Ii - Alcohol - Structure
The functional group of an alcohol is a hydroxyl group bonded to an sp³ hybridized carbon. It can therefore be regarded as a derivative ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aldehyde: Encyclopedia Ii - Aldehyde - Chemistry
Aldehyde - Preparation. There are three notable methods for preparing aldehydes: Reacting a primary alcohol with an oxidizing agent, R...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alkane: Encyclopedia Ii - Alkane - Properties
Alkane - Physical properties. The molecular structure, particularly the surface area of the molecule, determines the boiling point of t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alcohol: Encyclopedia Ii - Alcohol - Nomenclature
Alcohol - Systematic names. In the IUPAC system, the name of the alkane chain loses the terminal "e" and adds "ol", e.g. "methanol" and...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Acid: Encyclopedia Ii - Acid - Chemical Characteristics
In water the following reversible reaction occurs between an acid (HA) and water, which acts as a base: The acidity constant (or acid ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Acetic Acid: Encyclopedia Ii - Acetic Acid - Safety
Concentrated acetic acid is corrosive and must therefore be handled with appropriate care, since it can cause skin burns, permanent eye d...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Acetic Acid: Encyclopedia Ii - Acetic Acid - Nomenclature
The trivial name acetic acid is the most commonly used and officially preferred name by the IUPAC. This name derives from acetum, the Lat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Acetic Acid: Encyclopedia Ii - Acetic Acid - History
Vinegar is as old as civilization itself, perhaps older. Acetic acid-producing bacteria are present throughout the world, and any culture...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Acetic Acid: Encyclopedia Ii - Acetic Acid - Biochemistry
The acetyl group, derived from acetic acid, is fundamental to the biochemistry of virtually all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alkane: Encyclopedia Ii - Alkane - Nomenclature Of Alkanes
The names of all alkanes end with -ane. Alkane - Alkanes with unbranched carbon chains. The first four members of the series (in terms ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alkane: Encyclopedia Ii - Alkane - Occurrence
Alkanes occur both on Earth and in the solar system, however only the first hundred or so, and even then mostly only in traces. The light...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fatty Acid: Encyclopedia Ii - Fatty Acid - Types Of Fatty Acids
Fatty acid - Saturated fatty acids. Saturated fatty acids do not contain any double bonds or other functional groups along the chain. T...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alkane: Encyclopedia Ii - Alkane - Purification And Use
Alkanes are both important raw materials of the chemical industry and the most important fuels of the world economy. The starting materia...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alkane: Encyclopedia Ii - Alkane - Alkanes In Nature
Although alkanes occur in nature in various way, they do not rank biologically among the essential materials. Cycloalkanes with 14 to 18 ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Oseltamivir: Encyclopedia Ii - Oseltamivir - Pandemic Fears
Oseltamivir, otherwise known as Tamiflu, was widely used during the H5N1 avian influenza epidemic in Southeast Asia in 2005. In response ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Acid: Encyclopedia Ii - Acid - Chemical Characteristics
In water the following reversible reaction occurs between an acid (HA) and water, which acts as a base: HA + H2O ⇌ H3O + + A − The ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Oseltamivir: Encyclopedia Ii - Oseltamivir - Technical Information
Oseltamivir - Indications and dosage. Tamiflu is available from Roche in 75 mg capsules and as a powder for aqueous suspension of 12 m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Acetic Acid: Encyclopedia Ii - Acetic Acid - Applications
Acetic acid is a chemical reagent for the production of many chemical compounds. The largest single use of acetic acid is in the producti...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alkane: Encyclopedia Ii - Alkane - Molecular Geometry
The molecular structure of the alkanes directly affects their physical and chemical characteristics. It is derived from the electron conf...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alkane: Encyclopedia Ii - Alkane - Reactions
Alkane - Reactions with oxygen. All alkanes react with oxygen in a combustion reaction, although they become increasing difficult to ig...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Acetic Acid: Encyclopedia Ii - Acetic Acid - Production
Acetic acid is produced both synthetically and by bacterial fermentation. Today, the biological route accounts for only about 10% of worl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Polish Car Number Plates: Encyclopedia Ii - Polish Car Number Plates - District Indicators
DB - Wałbrzych (former Wałbrzych town) DBA - Wałbrzych (former Wałbrzych district) DBL - Bolesławiec DDZ - Dzierżoniów DGL - Głog...   » Read the article

Article - Popular Pages Sitemap Vii - P
This is a sitemap for Popular Pages VII - P . Click on a link and you will find multiple definitions and articles related to the word. ...   » Read the article