Because of protein homology, bovine growth hormone (GH) cross-reacts with the receptors of prolactin and placental lactogen — two hormones that stimulate mammary tissue to produce more milk. Somatotropin and somatropin both refer to growth hormone (GH), a protein hormone produced by the mammalian pituitary. The genes for GH, the amino acid sequence of the peptides, the receptor genes, and the receptor structures are recognizably homologous, though cross-species differences are significant enough to prevent most cross-spe ...

See also:

Bovine somatotropin, Bovine somatotropin - Physiology, Bovine somatotropin - Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin rbST and rBGH, Bovine somatotropin - Related legal actions, Bovine somatotropin - Politics, Bovine somatotropin - External references

Read more here: » Bovine somatotropin: Encyclopedia II - Bovine somatotropin - Physiology

The mean blood pressure in the arteries supplying the body is a result of the heart pumping blood from the veins back into the arteries. The mean blood pressure value is determined by the volume of blood the heart is pumping per minute, termed cardiac output, versus the resistance of the 20,000 to 30,000 arterioles, termed total peripheral resistance, through which the blood must flow to reach the capillaries and then veins. The up and down fluctuation of the arterial blood pressure results from the pulsatile nature of the cardiac output. The pulse pressure is determined by the interaction of the stroke volume versus the ...

See also:

Blood pressure, Blood pressure - Measurement, Blood pressure - Physiology, Blood pressure - Pathophysiology, Blood pressure - Effects of high blood pressure, Blood pressure - Effects of low blood pressure, Blood pressure - Factors influencing blood pressure, Blood pressure - Other causes of low blood pressure, Blood pressure - Venous pressure, Blood pressure - Related topics

Read more here: » Blood pressure: Encyclopedia II - Blood pressure - Physiology

Dragons are carnivorous, oviparous, warm-blooded creatures. Like all of Pern's native large fauna, they have six limbs - four feet and two wings. Their blood is copper-based and green in color. They have multifaceted eyes that change color depending on the dragon's mood. Unlike the dragons of Terran legend, they have smooth, soft skin rather than scales. Kitti Ping designed the dragons to gradually increase in size with each generation. The dragons of the first Hatching were not much bigger than horses. The largest Pernese dragon on r ...

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Dragons Pern, Dragons Pern - History, Dragons Pern - Physiology, Dragons Pern - Psychic abilities, Dragons Pern - Psychology, Dragons Pern - Colors, Dragons Pern - Mating and Reproduction, Dragons Pern - Mating, Dragons Pern - Effects on rider sexuality, Dragons Pern - Significance, Dragons Pern - Famous Pernese Dragons

Read more here: » Dragons Pern: Encyclopedia II - Dragons Pern - Physiology

The mean blood pressure in the arteries supplying the body is a result of the heart pumping blood from the veins back into the arteries. The mean blood pressure value is determined by the volume of blood the heart is pumping per minute, termed cardiac output, versus the resistance of the 20,000 to 30,000 arterioles, termed total peripheral resistance, through which the blood must flow to reach the capillaries and then veins. The up and down fluctuation of the arterial blood pressure results from the pulsatile nature of the cardiac output. The pulse pressure is determined by the interaction of the stroke volume versus the ...

See also:

Blood pressure, Blood pressure - Measurement, Blood pressure - Physiology, Blood pressure - Regulation of blood pressure, Blood pressure - Pathophysiology, Blood pressure - Effects of high blood pressure, Blood pressure - Effects of low blood pressure, Blood pressure - Factors influencing blood pressure, Blood pressure - Other causes of low blood pressure, Blood pressure - Venous pressure

Read more here: » Blood pressure: Encyclopedia II - Blood pressure - Physiology

APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY

A muscle monitoring technique, applied physiology allows the body to express what is out of balance and provides information to restore that balance. Muscles are put through a normal range of motion, monitored to determine where the stresses lie.

The centerpiece of the technique is using acupoints to ask “questions” about specific physiological and anatomical stresses. The goal of treatment is to let go of the stress within the body by integrating the physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual components of an individual.

(See also: APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, Alternative Health, Massage, Bodywork, Body Mind and Soul)

APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY: Applied physiology uses the science and art of muscle/fascial monitoring to learn about states of stress in the body.

Certain specific muscles are related to various organs and body systems through the acupuncture meridian network. By monitoring a specific muscle, it is possible to get a "readout" of energy related to a particular organ or body system.

(See also: Applied physiology, Alternative Health, Body Mind and Soul)

Glomerular filtration is the bulk flow of an essentially protein-free plasma from renal globerular capillaries into Bowman's capsule. This is the first step in the formation of urine. Glomerular filtration is caused by Starling forces. ...

See also:

Renal physiology, Renal physiology - Functions of the kidney, Renal physiology - Filtering wastes from the bloodstream, Renal physiology - Secretion of hormones, Renal physiology - Maintaining body sodium and water balance, Renal physiology - Acid-base homeostasis, Renal physiology - Glomerular filtration, Renal physiology - Tubular reabsorption, Renal physiology - Tubular secretion, Renal physiology - Measurement of renal function

Read more here: » Renal physiology: Encyclopedia II - Renal physiology - Glomerular filtration

Renal physiology - Filtering wastes from the bloodstream. Wastes are filtered out from the blood in the glomeruli which is enclosed by a Bowman's capsule via the process of ultrafiltration. The glomerulus and the Bowman's Corpuscle together is known as the Malpighian Corpuscle. The ultrafiltrate is passed through, in turn, the proximal convoluted tubules, the loop of Henle, the distal convoluted tubules ...

See also:

Renal physiology, Renal physiology - Functions of the kidney, Renal physiology - Filtering wastes from the bloodstream, Renal physiology - Secretion of hormones, Renal physiology - Maintaining body sodium and water balance, Renal physiology - Acid-base homeostasis, Renal physiology - Glomerular filtration, Renal physiology - Tubular reabsorption, Renal physiology - Tubular secretion, Renal physiology - Measurement of renal function

Read more here: » Renal physiology: Encyclopedia II - Renal physiology - Functions of the kidney

Tubular secretion is the transfer of materials from peritubular capillaries to renal tubule lumen. This is one of the second steps in the formation of urine. Tubular secretion is caused mainly by active transport. Usually only a few substances are secreted. These substances are present in great excess, or are natural poisons. Secretion of bicarbonate into the blood plasma is achieved by tubular excretion of hydronium. ...

See also:

Renal physiology, Renal physiology - Functions of the kidney, Renal physiology - Filtering wastes from the bloodstream, Renal physiology - Secretion of hormones, Renal physiology - Maintaining body sodium and water balance, Renal physiology - Acid-base homeostasis, Renal physiology - Glomerular filtration, Renal physiology - Tubular reabsorption, Renal physiology - Tubular secretion, Renal physiology - Measurement of renal function

Read more here: » Renal physiology: Encyclopedia II - Renal physiology - Tubular secretion

This is one of the second steps in the formation of urine. As the filtrate moves through the renal tubules certain substances are reabsorbed. Reabsorption rates are high for nutrients, water, and ions but lower for waste products. Reabsorption is caused by Starling forces, diffusion, and active transport. Sodium reabsorption is an active process dependent upon sodium potassium pumps. Sodium reabsorption creates an osmotic difference across the tubule which drives water reabsorption through water chann ...

See also:

Renal physiology, Renal physiology - Functions of the kidney, Renal physiology - Filtering wastes from the bloodstream, Renal physiology - Secretion of hormones, Renal physiology - Maintaining body sodium and water balance, Renal physiology - Acid-base homeostasis, Renal physiology - Glomerular filtration, Renal physiology - Tubular reabsorption, Renal physiology - Tubular secretion, Renal physiology - Measurement of renal function

Read more here: » Renal physiology: Encyclopedia II - Renal physiology - Tubular reabsorption

Commonly referred to as the sex flush, vasocongestion (increased blood flow) of the skin can occur during all four phases of the human sexual response cycle. Studies show that the sex flush occurs in approximately 50-75% of females and 25% of males, yet not consistently. The sex flush tends to occur more often under warmer conditions and may not appear at all under cooler temperatures. It has also been commonly observed that the marked degree of the sex flu ...

See also:

Flushing physiology, Flushing physiology - Causes of flushing, Flushing physiology - Sex flush

Read more here: » Flushing physiology: Encyclopedia II - Flushing physiology - Sex flush

The electric discharge of the Zat gun is not species-specific, as it has been used on humans, Jaffa, and Asgard alike (this was demonstrated in the Stargate SG-1 episode "Fragile Balance"). Whether it has any effect on Wraith physiology remains to be seen, but it does appear likely. Because of this possible advantage, the non-appearance of Zat guns in Stargate: Atlantis remains a debated mystery amongst the show's fanbase. Also, the effect may be less pronounced in victims who have been repeatedly rendered unconscious by it, as ...

See also:

Zat, Zat - Physiological effects, Zat - Etymology

Read more here: » Zat: Encyclopedia II - Zat - Physiological effects

Hemostasis may refer to the physiologic process whereby bleeding is halted. When a blood vessel is wounded, several steps occur to staunch the flow of blood. vasoconstriction constricts the blood vessel, minimizing vessel diameter and slowing bleeding. primary hemostasis occurs, wherein platelets, one of the formed elements of the blood, bind to collagen in the exposed walls of the blood vessel to form a hemostatic plug within seconds after an injury. secondary hemostasis or c ...

See also:

Hemostasis, Hemostasis - Hemostasis in Physiology, Hemostasis - Hemostasis by Hemostatic Clamps

Read more here: » Hemostasis: Encyclopedia II - Hemostasis - Hemostasis in Physiology

Hemostasis may refer to the physiologic process whereby bleeding is halted. When a blood vessel is wounded, several steps occur to staunch the flow of blood. Vasoconstriction constricts the blood vessel, minimizing vessel diameter and slowing bleeding. Primary hemostasis occurs, wherein platelets, one of the formed elements of the blood, bind to collagen in the exposed walls of the blood vessel to form a hemostatic plug within seconds after an injury. Secondary hemostasis or c ...

See also:

Hemostasis, Hemostasis - Hemostasis in Physiology, Hemostasis - Hemostasis by Hemostatic Clamps

Read more here: » Hemostasis: Encyclopedia II - Hemostasis - Hemostasis in Physiology

Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS, especially in the spinal cord. When glycine receptors are activated, Cl- enters the neuron via ionotropic receptors, causing an inhibitory post-synaptic potential (IPSP). Strychnine is an antagonist at these ionotropic receptors. Its LD50 is 0.96 mg/kg in rats, and it usually causes death by hyperexcitability. Glycine is a required co-agonist along with Glu in CNS. In contrast to the inhibitory role of glycine in the spinal cord, this behaviour is facilitated at the (N ...

See also:

Glycine, Glycine - Physiological function, Glycine - Presence in the Interstellar Medium

Read more here: » Glycine: Encyclopedia II - Glycine - Physiological function

Taurine has three major roles in human metabolism: It plays a role in digestion. It is conjugated with the bile acids chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid to form (at the usually above 7 pH of bile) the bile salts, sodium taurochenodeoxycholate and sodium taurocholate (see bile). It may assist in the formation of reactive oxygen species for the respiratory burst in neutrophil granulocytes There is evidence that it is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. It has been linked to a number ...

See also:

Taurine, Taurine - Chemistry, Taurine - Physiology and Pharmacology, Taurine - Uses

Read more here: » Taurine: Encyclopedia II - Taurine - Physiology and Pharmacology

Suberin is highly hydrophobic and its main function is to prevent water from penetrating the tissue. In roots suberin is deposited in the radial and transverse cell walls of the endodermal cells. This structure is known as the Casparian band or Casparian strip. The function of this structure is to prevent water and nutrients taken up by the root entering the stele via the apoplast. Instead, water must traverse the endodermis through the symplast. This allows plant to se ...

See also:

Suberin, Suberin - Anatomy and physiology, Suberin - Structure and biosynthesis

Read more here: » Suberin: Encyclopedia II - Suberin - Anatomy and physiology

In photosynthetic organisms, carotenoids play a vital role in the photosynthetic reaction centre. They either participate in the energy-transfer process, or protect the reaction center from auto-oxidation. In non-photosynthetic organisms, carotenoids have been linked to oxidation-preventing mechanisms. Carotenoids have many physiological functions. Given their structure (above) carotenoids are efficient free-radical scavengers, and they enhance the vertebrate immune system. Consequently, epidemiological studies have shown that people ...

See also:

Carotenoid, Carotenoid - Properties, Carotenoid - Physiological effects, Carotenoid - Aroma chemicals

Read more here: » Carotenoid: Encyclopedia II - Carotenoid - Physiological effects

An easy way of inducing physiological nystagmus is by having the person close her or his eyes and spin around. After a few spins, there is a distinct jerking of the eyes from side to side when they are reopened: this is rotatory-induced nystagmus. The degree of physiological nystagmus varies greatly between people and even in the same person at different times. Another type of physiological nystagmus is the optokinetic nystagmus (OKN). It can be induced by presenting a moving pattern. The eyes tend to track the pattern, ...

See also:

Nystagmus, Nystagmus - Physiological nystagmus, Nystagmus - Pathological nystagmus, Nystagmus - Diseases presenting nystagmus, Nystagmus - Causes, Nystagmus - Diagnosis and therapy

Read more here: » Nystagmus: Encyclopedia II - Nystagmus - Physiological nystagmus

There is evidence that the blushing region is anatomically different in structure. The facial skin, for example, has more capillary loops per square millimeter and generally more vessels per unit volume than other skin areas. In addition, blood vessels of the cheek are wider in diameter, are nearer the surface, and visibility is less diminished by tissue fluid. These specific characteristics of the architecture of the facial vessels led Wilkin in an overview of possible causes of facial flushing to the following conclusion: "[...] increased capacity and greater visibility can account for th ...

See also:

Blushing, Blushing - Psycho-social aspects, Blushing - Physiological anatomy of the cutaneous blood circulation in humans, Blushing - Regulation of blood flow in the skin, Blushing - Physiology of blushing

Read more here: » Blushing: Encyclopedia II - Blushing - Physiology of blushing

Of all creatures familiar to humans, the Spathi are most similar to Earth mollusks. Although many compare them to squid, notably the Captain in Star Control II, they are much closer to shellfish. Spathi familial units are large, often numbering in the ten thousands, with only one female parent. They receive only a small amount of attention from their parent, and it is rare to be referred to directly by name. The Spathi are complete and utter cowards. As a result they are easily bullied into doing things against their will. They ...

See also:

Spathi, Spathi - Physiology and psychology, Spathi - History, Spathi - Notable Spathi, Spathi - Quotes

Read more here: » Spathi: Encyclopedia II - Spathi - Physiology and psychology

Glycemia is controlled by several physiological processes. It tends to fluctuate to higher levels after meals, due to the gastric and intestinal absorption of carbohydrates of low molecular weight present in the diet or broken down from other kinds of foodstuffs, such as starches (polysaccharides); and to lower levels with usage by cell metabolism, particularly after stress, temperature regulation and physical exhertion. Another input to glycemia levels is neoglucogenesis, whereby glycogen stored in the liver and skeletal muscles, or aminoac ...

See also:

Glycemia, Glycemia - Physiological regulation, Glycemia - Measurement, Glycemia - Abnormal values

Read more here: » Glycemia: Encyclopedia II - Glycemia - Physiological regulation