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Physiology | A Wisdom Archive on Physiology | | Physiology A selection of articles related to Physiology | |
| We recommend this article: Physiology - 1, and also this: Physiology - 2. |
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physiology, Physiology, Physiology - Areas of physiology, Physiology - History, Physiology - Human and animal, Physiology - Plant
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Physiology | | | |  Physiology: Encyclopedia II - Thyroid - PhysiologyThe primary function of the thyroid is production of the hormones thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and calcitonin. Up to 40% of the T4 is converted to T3 by peripheral organs such as the liver and spleen.
Thyroid - T3 and T4 production and action.
Thyroxine is synthetised by the follicular cells from the tyrosine residues of the protein called thyroglobulin (TG). Iodine, captured with the "iodine trap" is activated by the enzyme thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and linked to the 3' and 5' sites of the benzen ...
See also:Thyroid, Thyroid - Anatomy, Thyroid - Gross anatomy, Thyroid - Blood supply, Thyroid - Histology of the thyroid, Thyroid - Physiology, Thyroid - T3 and T4 production and action, Thyroid - T3 and T4 regulation, Thyroid - Calcitonin, Thyroid - The significance of iodine, Thyroid - Diseases of the thyroid gland, Thyroid - Diagnosis, Thyroid - Treatment, Thyroid - Medical treatment, Thyroid - Thyroid surgery, Thyroid - History, Thyroid - External link Read more here: » Thyroid: Encyclopedia II - Thyroid - Physiology |
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| | | | | | | | Physiology: Encyclopedia II - Kender - Physiology Kender are small, 3 to 4 feet creatures with slanted features around their eyes and ears. Their ears are a mix of human and elf ears. Their eye colour ranges from green, blue and brown to any combination of those colours. Kenders grow wrinkles at a very young age, and these are seen as attractive by many kender (some kendermaids try to grow them through various methods, much like humans and other races try to remove them).
Kender hair colour is usually brown or black, with occasional kenders bearing red/orange and blonde hair. Their h ...
See also:Kender, Kender - Origin, Kender - Physiology, Kender - Life Cycle, Kender - Birth, Kender - Young Childhood, Kender - Childhood, Kender - Teenage Years, Kender - Adulthood, Kender - Settling Down, Kender - Death, Kender - Traits, Kender - Handling, Kender - Kender Taunts, Kender - Kender Fearlessness, Kender - Weapons, Kender - Hoopak, Kender - Chapak, Kender - Famous Kender, Kender - Subraces of Kender Read more here: » Kender: Encyclopedia II - Kender - Physiology |
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| | | | | | | Physiology: Encyclopedia II - Protoss - Physiology Protoss are about 3 meters tall and have two glowing eyes, digitigrade legs, semi-permeable skin covered in scales, four digits on their hands (of which two are thumbs) and toes, broad chests and shoulders, and narrow waists with slim midsections. Extending back from the crown of the head, Protoss have a bony crest. Beneath it, emerging from the back of the head, are the nerve cords, allowing them to access their racial psionic gestalt. T ...
See also:Protoss, Protoss - History, Protoss - The Aeon of Strife, Protoss - He Who Brings Order, Protoss - Rogues, Protoss - Expansion and Discovery, Protoss - The Fall of Aiur, Protoss - Survival, Protoss - Physiology, Protoss - Protoss religion, Protoss - Religious principles, Protoss - Religious figures in Protoss society, Protoss - Heroes and other notable Protoss, Protoss - Gameplay attributes, Protoss - Units, Protoss - Land units, Protoss - Air units, Protoss - Buildings, Protoss - Basic buildings, Protoss - Advanced buildings, Protoss - Strategy, Protoss - Opening Strategies, Protoss - Second Round / Post-Opening Strategies, Protoss - Mid-Game Strategies, Protoss - Defense Strategies Read more here: » Protoss: Encyclopedia II - Protoss - Physiology |
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| | | | | | Physiology: Encyclopedia II - Vitamin K - Physiology Vitamin K is involved in the carboxylation of certain glutamate residues in proteins to form gamma-carboxyglutamate residues (abbreviated Gla-residues). Gla-residues are usually involved in binding calcium. The Gla-residues are essential for the biological activity of all known Gla-proteins.
At this time fewer than 12 human Gla-proteins have been discovered, and they play key roles in the regulation of three physiological processes:
blood coagulation (prothrombin (factor II), factors VII, IX, X, protein C, protein S and protein Z)
bone meta ...
See also:Vitamin K, Vitamin K - Chemical structure, Vitamin K - Physiology, Vitamin K - Role in disease, Vitamin K - History, Vitamin K - Discovery, Vitamin K - Gla-proteins Read more here: » Vitamin K: Encyclopedia II - Vitamin K - Physiology |
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| | | | | | | | | Physiology: Encyclopedia II - Factor V - Physiology Factor V is bound to platelets and is activated by thrombin. On activation, factor V is spliced in two chains (heavy and light chain) which are nonconvalently bound to each other by calcium.
Factor Va, the activated form, is a cofactor for factor X in its reciprocal activation of prothrombin (factor II) into thrombin.
Factor Va is degraded by activated protein C, one of the principal p ...
See also:Factor V, Factor V - Genetics, Factor V - Physiology, Factor V - Role in disease, Factor V - History, Factor V - Reference, Factor V - External link Read more here: » Factor V: Encyclopedia II - Factor V - Physiology |
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| | | | | Physiology: Encyclopedia II - Urinary system - Physiology
Urinary system - Kidneys.
The kidney is one of the various organs (together with the lungs, intestine and skin) that participates in the elimination of the wastes of the organism. The kidneys are bean-shaped organs about the size of a human fist. They are near the middle of the spine, just below the ribcage.
A kidney consists of about 1 million filtering units termed nephrons, each consisting of a glomerulus, ball-shaped network of capillaries, and a network of tubules. Blood is filtered by the glomerulus, and the resultant "prourine" passes through the tubular system where wate ...
See also:Urinary system, Urinary system - Physiology, Urinary system - Kidneys, Urinary system - Ureters, Urinary system - Bladder, Urinary system - Role in disease, Urinary system - Testing Read more here: » Urinary system: Encyclopedia II - Urinary system - Physiology |
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| | | | | | Physiology: Encyclopedia II - Mast cell - Physiology Mast cells express a high-affinity receptor (FcεRI) for Immunoglobulin E (IgE), the least abundant member of the antibodies. This receptor is of such high affinity that binding of IgE molecules is essentially irreversible. As a result, mast cells are coated with IgE. IgE is, in turn, synthetised by B-cells (the antibody-producing cells of the immune system). IgE molecules, like all antibodies, are specific for one specific epitope.
In allergic reactions, mast cells remain inactive until an allergen binds to IgE already in association ...
See also:Mast cell, Mast cell - Origin and classification, Mast cell - Physiology, Mast cell - Role in disease, Mast cell - Allergic disease, Mast cell - Anaphylaxis, Mast cell - Mast cell disorders, Mast cell - Sources Read more here: » Mast cell: Encyclopedia II - Mast cell - Physiology |
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| | | | | Physiology: Encyclopedia II - Bovine somatotropin - Physiology Because of protein homology, bovine growth hormone (GH) cross-reacts with the receptors of prolactin and placental lactogen — two hormones that stimulate mammary tissue to produce more milk.
Somatotropin and somatropin both refer to growth hormone (GH), a protein hormone produced by the mammalian pituitary. The genes for GH, the amino acid sequence of the peptides, the receptor genes, and the receptor structures are recognizably homologous, though cross-species differences are significant enough to prevent most cross-spe ...
See also:Bovine somatotropin, Bovine somatotropin - Physiology, Bovine somatotropin - Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin rbST and rBGH, Bovine somatotropin - Politics, Bovine somatotropin - External references Read more here: » Bovine somatotropin: Encyclopedia II - Bovine somatotropin - Physiology |
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| | | | | | Physiology: Encyclopedia II - Superoxide dismutase - Physiology The superoxide anion radical (O2-) spontaneously dismutes to O2 and H2O2 quite rapidly. However, SOD has the fastest turnover number (reaction rate with its substrate) of any known enzyme. In fact, its rate is diffusion-limited. Thus, under real-world intracellular conditions, SOD greatly reduces the ambient level of the dangerous superoxide radical.
The presence of SOD has been shown to help protect many types of cells from the free radical damage that is important in aging, sene ...
See also:Superoxide dismutase, Superoxide dismutase - Reaction, Superoxide dismutase - Types, Superoxide dismutase - General, Superoxide dismutase - Human, Superoxide dismutase - Physiology, Superoxide dismutase - Role in disease, Superoxide dismutase - Cosmetic uses Read more here: » Superoxide dismutase: Encyclopedia II - Superoxide dismutase - Physiology |
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| | | | | Physiology: Encyclopedia II - Endocrine system - Physiology The endocrine system links the brain to the organs that control body metabolism, growth and development, and reproduction.
Signal transduction of some hormones with steroid structure involves nuclear hormone receptor proteins that are a class of ligand activated proteins that, when bound to specific sequences of DNA serve as on-off switches for transcription within the cell nucleus. These switches control the development and differentiation of skin, bone and behavioral centers in the brain, as well as th ...
See also:Endocrine system, Endocrine system - Physiology, Endocrine system - Table of endocrine glands and the hormones secreted, Endocrine system - In both sexes:, Endocrine system - In males only, Endocrine system - In females only, Endocrine system - Role in disease Read more here: » Endocrine system: Encyclopedia II - Endocrine system - Physiology |
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