The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group is an international group of systematic botanists who have come together to try to establish a consensus view of the taxonomy of flowering plants in the light of the rapid rise of molecular systematics. The angiosperms or flowering plants, variously known as Angiospermae, Anthophyta, Magnoliophyta etc, are one of the groups of organisms whose classification has been affected most radically as direct molecular analysis of relationships has become available. The influential clas ...

Read more here: » Angiosperm Phylogeny Group: Encyclopedia - Angiosperm Phylogeny Group

Definition and meaning of phylogeny:

phylogeny - the evolutionary relationships among organisms

(Source: US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) )

Also see these pages: Oceanography, Oceanography Sitemap, Coral Reef, Environment, Sustainability, Climate Change,

Phylogeny [from Greek phylo race + geneia producing]

The racial history of an organism, as contrasted with ontogeny or the individual history. Phylogenesis is applicable to the process. This branch of biology takes into account the racial affinities of an organism, and forms an important part of the science of evolution.

(See also: Phylogeny, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Occultism, Occultism Dictionary)

Older classification schemes divided the order into two suborders, Fissipedia, which included the families of primarily land carnivores, and suborder Pinnipedia, which included the true seals, eared seals, and walrus. Newer classification schemes have been able to integrate the findings from molecular techniques for discovering genetic relationships. They generally divide the Carnivora into the suborders Feliformia (cat-like) and Caniformia (dog-like), which includes the pinnipeds. The pinnipeds form a clade with the bears to f ...

See also:

Carnivora, Carnivora - Phylogeny, Carnivora - Classification

Read more here: » Carnivora: Encyclopedia II - Carnivora - Phylogeny

Initially classified as a true pigeon, it was re-classified in a monophyletic genus by itself by Tommaso Salvadori. Recent DNA analyses suggests its nearest neighbour on the phylogenetic tree is the geographically close Madagascar Turtle Dove (Streptopelia picturata), and has thus been placed in the Streptopelia genus, which mostly contains turtle doves. ...

See also:

Pink Pigeon, Pink Pigeon - Description, Pink Pigeon - Phylogeny, Pink Pigeon - Range, Pink Pigeon - Habitat, Pink Pigeon - Habit, Pink Pigeon - Demography and Longevity

Read more here: » Pink Pigeon: Encyclopedia II - Pink Pigeon - Phylogeny

The chachalacas, guans and curassows are birds in the family Cracidae. These are species of tropical and subtropical Central and South America. One species, the Plain Chachalaca, just reaches southernmost Texas in the USA. Two species, the Trinidad Piping Guan and the Rufous-vented Chachalaca occur on the islands of Trinidad and Tobago respectively. These are large birds, similar in general appearance to turkeys. The guans and curassows live in trees, but the smaller chachalacas are found in more open scrub ...

Including:

• Cracidae - Species
• Cracidae - Phylogeny and Evolution

Read more here: » Cracidae: Encyclopedia - Cracidae

Cteniogenidae Simoedosauridae Champsosauridae Choristodera is an order of semi-aquatic diapsid reptiles which ranged from the Middle Jurassic, or possibly Late Triassic, to upper Eocene, or upper Oligocene. Choristoderes have been found in North America, Asia, and Europe. The most common fossils are typically found from the Late Cretaceous to the lower Eocene. Cladists have placed them between basal diapsids and basal archosauromorphs but the phylogenetic position of the Choristodera is still uncertain. It has also ...

Including:

• Choristodera - Description/Phylogeny
• Choristodera - Fossil Record

Read more here: » Choristodera: Encyclopedia - Choristodera

Ailuridae Amphicyonidae † Canidae Felidae Herpestidae Hyaenidae Mephitidae Miacidae † Mustelidae Nandiniidae Nimravidae † Odobenidae Otariidae Phocidae Procyonidae Ursidae Viverravidae † Viverridae The diverse order Carnivora includes over 260 placental mammals. While the Giant Panda is an herbivore, nearly all others eat meat as their primary diet item: some (like the cat family) almost exclusively, others (like the be ...

Including:

• Carnivora - Phylogeny
• Carnivora - Classification

Read more here: » Carnivora: Encyclopedia - Carnivora

In biology, phylogenetics (Greek: phylon = tribe, race and genetikos = relative to birth, from genesis = birth) is the study of evolutionary relatedness among various groups of organisms (e.g., species, populations). Phylogenetics, also known as phylogenetic systematics, treats a species as a group of lineage-connected individuals over time. Phylogenetic taxonomy, which is an offshoot of, but not a logical consequence of, phylogenetic systematics, constitutes a means of classifying groups of organi ...

Read more here: » Phylogenetics: Encyclopedia - Phylogenetics

Conservation status: Lower risk (cd) The Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus), also known as White Bear or Northern Bear, is a large bear native to the Arctic. It is the largest land carnivore species. It is the apex predator within its range. It is well-adapted to its habitat: its thick blubber and fur insulate it against the cold, its white color camouflages it from its prey, and it hunts well both on land and in the water. Polar Bear - Natural range. Including:

• Polar Bear - Natural range
• Polar Bear - Size and weight
• Polar Bear - Subspecies
• Polar Bear - Fur and skin
• Polar Bear - Hunting diet and feeding
• Polar Bear - Breeding
• Polar Bear - Phylogeny
• Polar Bear - Entertainment

Read more here: » Polar Bear: Encyclopedia - Polar Bear

Viscaceae was a family of flowering plants formerly considered distinct, but following genetic studies by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group is now included within the Santalaceae. The genera formerly treated in the Viscaceae include: Arceuthobium Dendrophthora Ginalloa Korthalsella Notothixos Phoradendr ...

Read more here: » Viscaceae: Encyclopedia - Viscaceae

Comparative anatomy is the study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of organisms. It is closely related to evolutionary biology and phylogeny (the evolution of organisms). Two major concepts of comparative anatomy are: Homologous structures - structures (body parts/anatomy) which are similar in different species because the species have common descent. They may or may not perform the same function. An example is the forelimb structure shared by cats and whales. Analogous structures - structures ...

Read more here: » Comparative anatomy: Encyclopedia - Comparative anatomy

Planera - Water-elm Ulmus - Elms Zelkova - Zelkovas Ulmaceae is a family of flowering plants that includes elms and zelkovas. In the past the family was treated as also including the hackberries, Celtis and allies), but analysis by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group suggests that these genera are better placed in the related family Cannabaceae. Ulmaceae have simple leaves, which are unlike those of most other common trees in having an asymm ...

Including:

• Ulmaceae - External link

Read more here: » Ulmaceae: Encyclopedia - Ulmaceae

Phytosauridae Prestosuchidae Ornithosuchidae Stagonolepididae Rauisuchidae Poposauridae Crocodylomorpha     Sphenosuchia     Crocodilia Crurotarsi ("cross-ankles") is a node-based taxon created by Paul Sereno in 1991 to supplant the old term Pseudosuchia. As the basal phylogeny of this clade is not really understood, a stem-based definition is now preferred: all forms closer to Crocodiles than to Birds. As such, the Crurotarsi are the opposite branch to the Orn ...

Read more here: » Crurotarsi: Encyclopedia - Crurotarsi

The Arales, or aroids, used to be an order of monocot flowers. They are now included in the order Alismatales (see Update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group). Only two families are included: family Araceae (arum family) (former) family Lemnaceae (duckweed family) The Lemnaceae are now included among the Araceae. A third family, the Acoraceae, was included under the older Cronquist system but does not appear closely related to the others. This family is now included in the order Acorales. The Arales are the sister group of the ...

Read more here: » Arales: Encyclopedia - Arales

See text The arums comprise the Family Araceae (including the numerous aroids subfamily): monocotyledonous flowering plants in which flowers are borne on a type of inflorescence called a spadix. The spadix is usually accompanied by, and sometimes partially enclosed in, a spathe or leaf-like hood. This family of 107 genera and over 3700 species is most diverse in the New World tropics, although also distributed in the Old World tropics and north temperate regions. Recent genetic research by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group has shown that the duckweeds, previously treated in a separate ...

Including:

• Araceae - Genera

Read more here: » Araceae: Encyclopedia - Araceae

Phylum Crenarchaeota Phylum Euryarchaeota     Halobacteria     Methanobacteria     Methanococci     Methanopyri     Archaeoglobi     Thermoplasmata     Thermococci Phylum Korarchaeota Phylum Nanoarchaeota The Archaea (also called Archaebacteria) are a major division of living organisms. Although there is still uncertainty in the exact phylogeny of the groups, Archae ...

Including:

• Archaea - History
• Archaea - Archaea Bacteria and Eukaryotes
• Archaea - Habitats
• Archaea - Form
• Archaea - Evolution and classification

Read more here: » Archaea: Encyclopedia - Archaea

See text The Aristolochiaceae, or the Birthwort family, are a family of flowering plants with 7 genera and about 400 species belonging to the order Piperales. The Aristolochiaceae are basal dicots (paleodicots), most closely related orders Magnoliales, Laurales, Canellales, and Piperales, which form a monophyletic clade called the Magnoliids. Some newer classification schemes, such as the Update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, place the family Aristolochiacea in the order Piperales, but it is still quite common, though superseded, for the Aristolochi ...

Including:

• Aristolochiaceae - Genera

Read more here: » Aristolochiaceae: Encyclopedia - Aristolochiaceae

About 150 species; see text Viburnum (Viburnum) is a genus of about 175 species of shrubs or (in a few species) small trees that were previously included in the honeysuckle family Caprifoliaceae. Genetic tests by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group showed however that they are correctly classified in the moschatel family Adoxaceae. They are native throughout the temperate Northern Hemisphere, with a few species extending into tropical montane regions in South America and southeast Asia. In Africa ...

Including:

• Viburnum - Cultivation and uses
• Viburnum - Species

Read more here: » Viburnum: Encyclopedia - Viburnum

See text Acorus is a genus of monocot flowering plants. This genus was once placed within the family Araceae (aroids), but more recent phylogenies place it in its own family Acoraceae and order Acorales, of which it is the sole genus. Common names include Calamus and Sweet Flag. The name 'acorus' is derived from the Greek word 'acoron', a name used by Dioscorides, which in turn was derived from 'coreon', meaning 'pupil', because it was used in herbal medicin ...

Including:

• Acorus - Characteristics
• Acorus - Species
• Acorus - Chemistry
• Acorus - Regulations
• Acorus - Usage
• Acorus - Cultural symbolism
• Acorus - Etymology of the word Calamus

Read more here: » Acorus: Encyclopedia - Acorus