Phony War

Given dates for the start and end of the phase may vary somewhat. In France the period from the official declaration of war on Germany on September 3 until the German invasion on the Benelux and France is known as drôle de guerre ("strange war"). This term was coined by the French journalist Roland Dorgelès who was reporting about the military inactivity on the Franco-German front. In Poland, which felt betrayed by her western allies, the term dziwna wojna ("strange war") is used for the period after all offensive operations ...

See also:

Phony War, Phony War - Dates, Phony War - Assault on Finland, Phony War - Invasion of Denmark and Norway, Phony War - The Norway Debate, Phony War - Allied action during the Phony War

Read more here: » Phony War: Encyclopedia II - Phony War - Dates

Albert Camus (November 7, 1913 – January 4, 1960) was a French author and philosopher and one of the principal luminaries (with Jean-Paul Sartre) of existentialism. Camus was the second youngest-ever recipient of the Nobel Prize for Literature (after Rudyard Kipling) when he received the award in 1957. He is also the shortest-lived of any literature laureate to date, having died in a car crash 3 years after receiving the award. Albert Camus - Early years. Albert Camus was born in Mondovi, Algeria to a Fre ...

Including:

• Albert Camus - Early years
• Albert Camus - Literary career
• Albert Camus - Summary of Absurdism
• Albert Camus - Famous works
• Albert Camus - Novels
• Albert Camus - Short stories
• Albert Camus - Non-fiction
• Albert Camus - Plays
• Albert Camus - Collections
• Albert Camus - Movies
• Albert Camus - Bibliography

Read more here: » Albert Camus: Encyclopedia - Albert Camus

Germany launched its offensive, Fall Gelb, on the night prior to and principally on the morning of 10 May. During the night German forces occupied Luxembourg, and in the morning German Army Group B (Bock) launched a feint offensive into Holland and Belgium.1 German Fallschirmjäger (paratroopers) from the 7th Flieger and 22nd Air Landing divisions under Kurt Student executed surprise landings on the road to Rotterdam and against the Belgian Fort ...

See also:

Battle of France, Battle of France - Prelude, Battle of France - Forces and dispositions, Battle of France - May: Low Countries and Northern France, Battle of France - The Centre, Battle of France - Blitzkrieg, Battle of France - Allied reaction, Battle of France - To the Channel, Battle of France - Weygand Plan, Battle of France - BEF at Dunkirk, Battle of France - June: France, Battle of France - Aftermath, Battle of France - Casualties, Battle of France - German, Battle of France - Allied, Battle of France - Historiography, Battle of France - Notes

Read more here: » Battle of France: Encyclopedia II - Battle of France - May: Low Countries and Northern France

Main Article: Narvik The focus of the campaign then shifted northwards. Around Narvik, greater success was gained by British forces in cooperation with Polish, French and Norwegian troops. In the First and Second Battle of Narvik British naval forces had devastated German naval power in the area, and land forces later captured Narvik itself. Also, unlike central Norway, land-based airpower was established at a reasonable le ...

See also:

Allied campaign in Norway, Allied campaign in Norway - Operations in Central Norway, Allied campaign in Norway - Operations in Narvik, Allied campaign in Norway - Outcome of the Allied Campaign

Read more here: » Allied campaign in Norway: Encyclopedia II - Allied campaign in Norway - Operations in Narvik

See also: Battle of the Netherlands Germany launched its offensive in the early hours of May 10. During the night, German forces occupied Luxembourg, and in the morning German Army Group B (Bock) launched an offensive into Holland and Belgium.1 German Fallschirmjäger (paratroopers) from the 7th Flieger under Kurt Student and airborne troops from the 22nd Air Landing divisions executed three separate assaults at The Hague, on key bridge ...

See also:

Battle of France, Battle of France - Prelude, Battle of France - Forces and dispositions, Battle of France - May: Low Countries and Northern France, Battle of France - The Centre, Battle of France - Blitzkrieg, Battle of France - Allied reaction, Battle of France - To the Channel, Battle of France - Weygand Plan, Battle of France - BEF at Dunkirk, Battle of France - June: France, Battle of France - Aftermath, Battle of France - Casualties, Battle of France - German, Battle of France - Allied, Battle of France - Historiography, Battle of France - Notes

Read more here: » Battle of France: Encyclopedia II - Battle of France - May: Low Countries and Northern France

Adolf Hitler ▶ (help·info) (April 20, 1889 – April 30, 1945) was Chancellor of Germany from 1933 and Führer (Leader) of Germany from 1934 to his death by suicide. He was leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP), better known as the Nazi Party. Under Hitler's charismatic leadership Germany emerged from the depths of defeat to rebuild its economy and its decimated military. At the height of their power during World War II, ...

Including:

• Adolf Hitler - Early years
• Adolf Hitler - Early adulthood in Vienna and Munich
• Adolf Hitler - World War I
• Adolf Hitler - The early years of the Nazi Party
• Adolf Hitler - Hitler's entry and rise
• Adolf Hitler - The Hitler Putsch
• Adolf Hitler - The rebuilding of the party
• Adolf Hitler - The road to power
• Adolf Hitler - The Brüning administration
• Adolf Hitler - The cabinets von Papen and Schleicher
• Adolf Hitler - Hitler's appointment as Chancellor
• Adolf Hitler - Reichstag Fire and the March election
• Adolf Hitler - The Enabling Act
• Adolf Hitler - Removal of remaining limits
• Adolf Hitler - The Third Reich
• Adolf Hitler - Economics and culture
• Adolf Hitler - Repression
• Adolf Hitler - Rearmament and new alliances
• Adolf Hitler - The Holocaust
• Adolf Hitler - World War II
• Adolf Hitler - Opening moves
• Adolf Hitler - Path to defeat
• Adolf Hitler - Defeat and death
• Adolf Hitler - Legacy
• Adolf Hitler - Medical health
• Adolf Hitler - Hitler's family
• Adolf Hitler - The origin of the name Hitler
• Adolf Hitler - Trivia
• Adolf Hitler - Hitler's associates
• Adolf Hitler - Documentaries
• Adolf Hitler - Dramatizations
• Adolf Hitler - Media
• Adolf Hitler - Hitler's speeches

Read more here: » Adolf Hitler: Encyclopedia - Adolf Hitler

All Quiet on the Western Front is a novel by Erich Maria Remarque, a German veteran of World War I, about the horrors of that war and also the deep detachment from German civilian life felt by many men returning from the front. The book was first published in German as Im Westen nichts Neues in January 1929. It sold a million copies within a year in Germany and a further million abroad. In 1930 the book was turned into an Oscar-winning movie of the same name, directed by Lewis Milestone. Although it is unrelated to the n ...

Including:

• All Quiet on the Western Front - Plot
• All Quiet on the Western Front - Themes
• All Quiet on the Western Front - The horror of war
• All Quiet on the Western Front - Effect on soldiers
• All Quiet on the Western Front - Nature
• All Quiet on the Western Front - Film
• All Quiet on the Western Front - Sequel

Read more here: » All Quiet on the Western Front: Encyclopedia - All Quiet on the Western Front

World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a mid-20th century conflict that engulfed much of the globe and is accepted as the largest and deadliest war in human history. The war was fought between the Axis Powers and the Allies. The Axis initially consisted of an alliance between Germany and Italy, which later expanded to include Japan and Eastern European countries such as Romania and Bulgaria. Some of the nations that Germany conquered sent military forces, particularly to the Eastern front. Among the expeditionary ...

Including:

• World War II - Causes
• World War II - Participants
• World War II - Chronology
• World War II - A debated starting date
• World War II - 1937: Second Sino-Japanese War
• World War II - 1939: War breaks out in Europe
• World War II - 1940: The war spreads
• World War II - 1941: The war becomes global
• World War II - 1942: Deadlock
• World War II - 1943: The war turns
• World War II - 1944: The beginning of the end
• World War II - 1945: The end of the war
• World War II - Resistance
• World War II - The Home fronts
• World War II - Technologies
• World War II - Civilian impact & atrocities
• World War II - Genocide
• World War II - Concentration camps labour camps and internment
• World War II - War crimes and attacks on civilians
• World War II - Aftermath
• World War II - Casualties
• World War II - A world in ruins
• World War II - United Nations
• World War II - The Cold War begins
• World War II - Main articles
• World War II - Media

Read more here: » World War II: Encyclopedia - World War II

The Imperial Japanese Navy made its attack on Pearl Harbor on the morning of December 7, 1941. The surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii, was aimed at the Pacific Fleet of the United States Navy and its defending Army Air Corps and Marine air forces. The attack damaged or destroyed twelve U.S. warships, destroyed 188 aircraft, and killed 2,403 American servicemen and 68 civilians. Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto planned the raid as the start of the Pacific Campaign of World War II, and it was commanded by Vice Admiral Chuichi ...

Including:

• Attack on Pearl Harbor - Japanese preparations
• Attack on Pearl Harbor - United States preparedness
• Attack on Pearl Harbor - Breaking off negotiations
• Attack on Pearl Harbor - The attack
• Attack on Pearl Harbor - Nagumo's decision to withdraw after two strikes
• Attack on Pearl Harbor - Immediate aftermath
• Attack on Pearl Harbor - Subsequent attacks
• Attack on Pearl Harbor - Longer-term effects
• Attack on Pearl Harbor - Historical significance
• Attack on Pearl Harbor - Japanese views of the attack
• Attack on Pearl Harbor - Film dramatizations
• Attack on Pearl Harbor - Recipients of the Medal of Honor
• Attack on Pearl Harbor - Notes

Read more here: » Attack on Pearl Harbor: Encyclopedia - Attack on Pearl Harbor

Vichy France, or the Vichy regime was the de facto French government of 1940-1944 during the Nazi Germany occupation of World War II. Now known in French as the Régime de Vichy or Vichy, during its existence it referred to itself as L'État Français (The French State). Vichy France was established after France surrendered to Germany in 1940, and took its name from the government's capital in Vichy, southeast of Paris near Clermont-Ferrand. While officially neutral in the war, it was essentia ...

Including:

• Vichy France - The fall of France and the establishment of the Vichy regime
• Vichy France - Decision to seek armistice
• Vichy France - Conditions of armistice
• Vichy France - Formal end of the Third Republic
• Vichy France - Vichy composition and policies
• Vichy France - Fascist paramilitaries
• Vichy France - Implementation of Nazi racial anti-Semitic laws
• Vichy France - Contribution of French fascists
• Vichy France - Relationships with the Allied powers
• Vichy France - Creation of Free France
• Vichy France - Tensions with Britain in Syria Madagascar
• Vichy France - German invasion November 1942
• Vichy France - Independence of the S.O.L
• Vichy France - Liberation of France and aftermath
• Vichy France - Bibliography

Read more here: » Vichy France: Encyclopedia - Vichy France

Following the Polish September Campaign of the preceding year, a period of inaction called the Phony War occurred between the major powers. Hitler originally planned for an invasion as soon as 12 November but was convinced by his generals to postpone the invasion until the following year. In April 1940, the Germans launched an attack on the neutral countries of Denmark and Norway for strategic reasons. The British, French and Free Poles responded by launching an Allied camp ...

See also:

Battle of France, Battle of France - Prelude, Battle of France - Forces and dispositions, Battle of France - May: Low Countries and Northern France, Battle of France - The Centre, Battle of France - Blitzkrieg, Battle of France - Allied reaction, Battle of France - To the Channel, Battle of France - Weygand Plan, Battle of France - BEF at Dunkirk, Battle of France - June: France, Battle of France - Aftermath, Battle of France - Casualties, Battle of France - German, Battle of France - Allied, Battle of France - Historiography, Battle of France - Notes

Read more here: » Battle of France: Encyclopedia II - Battle of France - Prelude

France formally surrendered to the German armed forces on 25 June in the same railroad car at Compiègne that Germany in 1918 had been forced to surrender in. This railway car was lost in allied air raids on the German capital of Berlin later in the war. Paul Reynaud, France's Prime Minister, was forced to resign due to his refusal to agree to surrender. He was succeeded by Maréchal Philippe Pétain, who announced to the Frenc ...

See also:

Battle of France, Battle of France - Prelude, Battle of France - Forces and dispositions, Battle of France - May: Low Countries and Northern France, Battle of France - The Centre, Battle of France - Blitzkrieg, Battle of France - Allied reaction, Battle of France - To the Channel, Battle of France - Weygand Plan, Battle of France - BEF at Dunkirk, Battle of France - June: France, Battle of France - Aftermath, Battle of France - Casualties, Battle of France - German, Battle of France - Allied, Battle of France - Historiography, Battle of France - Notes

Read more here: » Battle of France: Encyclopedia II - Battle of France - Aftermath

See also: Order of Battle for the Battle of France The German Army was divided into three army groups: Army Group A, composed of 45½ divisions including seven armored commanded by Gerd von Rundstedt, was to deliver the decisive blow, cutting a "Sichelschnitt" ('Sickle Cut'), as Winston Churchill later called it, through the Allied defenses in the Ardennes spearheaded by three Panzer corps trying to create the pocket. Army Group B, composed of 29½ divisions including three armored under Fedo ...

See also:

Battle of France, Battle of France - Prelude, Battle of France - Forces and dispositions, Battle of France - May: Low Countries and Northern France, Battle of France - The Centre, Battle of France - Blitzkrieg, Battle of France - Allied reaction, Battle of France - To the Channel, Battle of France - Weygand Plan, Battle of France - BEF at Dunkirk, Battle of France - June: France, Battle of France - Aftermath, Battle of France - Casualties, Battle of France - German, Battle of France - Allied, Battle of France - Historiography, Battle of France - Notes

Read more here: » Battle of France: Encyclopedia II - Battle of France - Forces and dispositions

Following the Polish September Campaign of the preceding year, a period of inaction called the Phony War had occurred between the war's major powers. Hitler originally planned for an invasion as soon as 12 November but was convinced by his generals to postpone the invasion until next year. In April 1940, the Germans had launched an attack on the neutral countries of Denmark and Norway for strategic reasons. The British had responded by launching an Allied campaign in Norway in support of the Norwegians, though the effort had become politically costly for the government of Neville C ...

See also:

Battle of France, Battle of France - Prelude, Battle of France - Forces and dispositions, Battle of France - May: Low Countries and Northern France, Battle of France - The Centre, Battle of France - Blitzkrieg, Battle of France - Allied reaction, Battle of France - To the Channel, Battle of France - Weygand Plan, Battle of France - BEF at Dunkirk, Battle of France - June: France, Battle of France - Aftermath, Battle of France - Casualties, Battle of France - German, Battle of France - Allied, Battle of France - Historiography, Battle of France - Notes

Read more here: » Battle of France: Encyclopedia II - Battle of France - Prelude

France formally surrendered to the German armed forces on 25 June in the same railroad car at Compiègne that Germany in 1918 had been forced to surrender in. This railway car was lost in allied air raids on the German capital of Berlin later in the war. Paul Reynaud, France's Prime Minister, having signed an agreement with Britain saying that neither side would sign a separate peace with Germany, resigned rather than sign the peace treaty himself, and he was succeeded by Maréchal Philippe Pétain, who agreed to meet the ...

See also:

Battle of France, Battle of France - Prelude, Battle of France - Forces and dispositions, Battle of France - May: Low Countries and Northern France, Battle of France - The Centre, Battle of France - Blitzkrieg, Battle of France - Allied reaction, Battle of France - To the Channel, Battle of France - Weygand Plan, Battle of France - BEF at Dunkirk, Battle of France - June: France, Battle of France - Aftermath, Battle of France - Casualties, Battle of France - German, Battle of France - Allied, Battle of France - Historiography, Battle of France - Notes

Read more here: » Battle of France: Encyclopedia II - Battle of France - Aftermath

The best and most modern French armies had been sent north and lost in the resulting encirclement; the French had lost their best heavy weaponry and their best armored formations. Weygand was faced with a hemorrhage in the front stretching from Sedan to the Channel, and the French government had begun to lose heart that the Germans could still be defeated, particularly as the British were evacuating the Continent, a particularly symbolic event for French morale. On 1 ...

See also:

Battle of France, Battle of France - Prelude, Battle of France - Forces and dispositions, Battle of France - May: Low Countries and Northern France, Battle of France - The Centre, Battle of France - Blitzkrieg, Battle of France - Allied reaction, Battle of France - To the Channel, Battle of France - Weygand Plan, Battle of France - BEF at Dunkirk, Battle of France - June: France, Battle of France - Aftermath, Battle of France - Casualties, Battle of France - German, Battle of France - Allied, Battle of France - Historiography, Battle of France - Notes

Read more here: » Battle of France: Encyclopedia II - Battle of France - June: France

Casualty estimates vary in the Battle of France. Battle of France - German. Approximately 27,074 Germans were killed and 111,034 were wounded, with a further 18,384 missing for total German casualties of 156,000 men. Battle of France - Allied. In exchange, they had destroyed the French, Belgian, Dutch, Polish and British armies. Total allied losses including the capture of the French army amounted to 2,292,000. Casualties, killed or wounded, were as follows:

See also: Order of Battle for the Battle of France The German Army was divided into three army groups: Army Group A under [Gerd von Rundstedt]] contained 45½ divisions (including seven armored) and was to deliver the decisive blow, codenamed "Sichelschnitt" ('Sickle Cut'), through the Allied defenses in the Ardennes, spearheaded by three Panzer corps trying to create the pocket. Army Group B under Fedor von Bock contained 29½ divisions (including three armored) and was tasked with occupying ...

See also:

Battle of France, Battle of France - Prelude, Battle of France - Forces and dispositions, Battle of France - May: Low Countries and Northern France, Battle of France - The Centre, Battle of France - Blitzkrieg, Battle of France - Allied reaction, Battle of France - To the Channel, Battle of France - Weygand Plan, Battle of France - BEF at Dunkirk, Battle of France - June: France, Battle of France - Aftermath, Battle of France - Casualties, Battle of France - German, Battle of France - Allied, Battle of France - Historiography, Battle of France - Notes

Read more here: » Battle of France: Encyclopedia II - Battle of France - Forces and dispositions

The great controversy of the Battle of the France focuses on causes for the catastrophic defeat suffered by the French army, and to a lesser extent, the Allies in general. Some of the suggested causes of the Allied defeat were: Military factors: Treason: this theory was very popular at the time of events. A Fifth column was supposed to be cooperating with a host of disguised German agents. After the war this was conclusively shown to have been a case of mass hysteria, but such stories are still repeated in some p ...

See also:

Battle of France, Battle of France - Prelude, Battle of France - Forces and dispositions, Battle of France - May: Low Countries and Northern France, Battle of France - The Centre, Battle of France - Blitzkrieg, Battle of France - Allied reaction, Battle of France - To the Channel, Battle of France - Weygand Plan, Battle of France - BEF at Dunkirk, Battle of France - June: France, Battle of France - Aftermath, Battle of France - Casualties, Battle of France - German, Battle of France - Allied, Battle of France - Historiography, Battle of France - Notes

Read more here: » Battle of France: Encyclopedia II - Battle of France - Historiography

Following the Polish September Campaign of the preceding year, a period of inaction called the Phony War occurred between the major powers. Hitler originally planned for an invasion as soon as 12 November but was convinced by his generals to postpone the invasion until the following year. The overall aim was the defeat of the Western European nations as a preliminary step to the conquest of territory in the East, thus avoiding a two-front war. In April 1940, the Germans launched an attack on the neutral countries of Denmark and Norway for strategic reasons. The British, French and Free Poles responded by launching an Allied camp ...

See also:

Battle of France, Battle of France - Prelude, Battle of France - Forces and dispositions, Battle of France - May: Low Countries and Northern France, Battle of France - The Centre, Battle of France - Blitzkrieg, Battle of France - Allied reaction, Battle of France - To the Channel, Battle of France - Weygand Plan, Battle of France - BEF at Dunkirk, Battle of France - June: France, Battle of France - Aftermath, Battle of France - Casualties, Battle of France - German, Battle of France - Allied, Battle of France - Historiography, Battle of France - Notes

Read more here: » Battle of France: Encyclopedia II - Battle of France - Prelude