Encyclopedia - Aspiration Phonetics: Encyclopedia - Aspiration Phonetics
In phonetics, aspiration is the strong burst of air that accompanies the release of some obstruents. To feel or see the difference betwee...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nato Phonetic Alphabet: Encyclopedia Ii - Nato Phonetic Alphabet - Phonetic Alphabet In Popular Culture
Two television series (and a comic book adaptation by Charlton comics) were named "Adam-12", the radio call sign for the patrol car the t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Americanist Phonetic Notation: Encyclopedia Ii - Americanist Phonetic Notation - History
It is often useful to compare the Americanist tradition with another widespread tradition, International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). Unlike ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Allophone: Encyclopedia - Allophone
In phonetics, an allophone is one of several similar phones that belong to the same phoneme. A phone is a sound that has a definite shape...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bilabial Consonant: Encyclopedia - Bilabial Consonant
In phonetics, a bilabial consonant is a consonant articulated with both lips. The bilabial consonants identified by the International Pho...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Checked And Free Vowels: Encyclopedia - Checked And Free Vowels
In English phonetics and phonology, checked vowels are those that usually must be followed by a consonant in a stressed syllable, while f...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vowel Height: Encyclopedia - Vowel Height
In phonetics and phonology, vowel height is a feature that shows the vertical position of the tongue relative to the roof of the mouth in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Voiceless Consonant: Encyclopedia - Voiceless Consonant
In phonetics, a voiceless consonant is a consonant that does not have voicing. That is, it is produced without vibration of the vocal cor...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alveolar Ejective: Encyclopedia - Alveolar Ejective
The alveolar ejective is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - X-sampa: Encyclopedia - X-sampa
The Extended SAM Phonetic Alphabet (X-SAMPA) is a variant of SAMPA developed in 1995 by John C. Wells, professor of phonetics at the Univ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Uvular Ejective: Encyclopedia - Uvular Ejective
The uvular ejective is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Voice Procedure: Encyclopedia - Voice Procedure
Voice procedure refers to techniques used to clarify, simplify and standardize spoken communications over two-way radios, in use by the m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Velar Ejective: Encyclopedia - Velar Ejective
The velar ejective is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alveolar Trill: Encyclopedia - Alveolar Trill
The alveolar trill is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages (such as Russian, Spanish, Armenian, and Polish). The sy...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bilabial Nasal: Encyclopedia - Bilabial Nasal
The bilabial nasal is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that r...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Americanist Phonetic Notation: Encyclopedia Ii - Americanist Phonetic Notation - Alphabet
Americanist phonetic notation - Consonants. Below is a generalized chart of phonetic symbols used by linguists of the Americanist tradi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Voiceless Epiglottal Fricative: Encyclopedia - Voiceless Epiglottal Fricative
The voiceless epiglottal fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phoneti...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Voiceless Palatal Plosive: Encyclopedia - Voiceless Palatal Plosive
The voiceless palatal plosive is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alph...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Voiceless Pharyngeal Fricative: Encyclopedia - Voiceless Pharyngeal Fricative
The voiceless pharyngeal fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phoneti...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alveolar Approximant: Encyclopedia - Alveolar Approximant
The alveolar approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Voiced Palatal Plosive: Encyclopedia - Voiced Palatal Plosive
The voiced palatal plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphab...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alveolar Nasal: Encyclopedia - Alveolar Nasal
The alveolar nasal is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that r...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - P: Encyclopedia - P
P is the sixteenth letter of the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is pee. Semitic Pê (mouth) as well as Greek Π or π (Pi) and the E...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Uvular Trill: Encyclopedia - Uvular Trill
The uvular trill is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that re...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Uvular Nasal: Encyclopedia - Uvular Nasal
The uvular nasal is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that re...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - International Phonetic Alphabet: Encyclopedia Ii - International Phonetic Alphabet - Comparison To Other Phonetic Notation
The IPA is not the only phonetic transcription system in use. The other common Latin-based system is the Americanist phonetic notation, d...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nato Phonetic Alphabet: Encyclopedia Ii - Nato Phonetic Alphabet - Phonetic Alphabet In Popular Culture
The NATO phonetic alphabet is referred to repeatedly in Robert Ludlum's novel The Bourne Identity. The phrase Cain is for Charlie and Del...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nato Phonetic Alphabet: Encyclopedia Ii - Nato Phonetic Alphabet - Usage
Most of the words are recognizable by native English speakers because English must be used upon request for communication between an airc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Phonetic Transcription: Encyclopedia Ii - Phonetic Transcription - Types Of Notational Systems
Most phonetic transcription is based on the assumption that linguistic sounds are segmentable into discrete units than can be represented...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - International Phonetic Alphabet: Encyclopedia Ii - International Phonetic Alphabet - Description
The general principle of the IPA is to provide a separate symbol for each speech segment, avoiding letter combinations (digraphs) such as...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Initiation Phonetics: Encyclopedia Ii - Initiation Phonetics - Velaric Initiation
The third form of initiation in human language is velaric initiation: initiation at the velum, or soft palate. (In a few languages the cl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Initiation Phonetics: Encyclopedia Ii - Initiation Phonetics - Glottalic Initiation
It is possible to initiate an airflow in the upper respiratory tract by means of the vocal cords or glottis. This is known as glottalic i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nato Phonetic Alphabet: Encyclopedia Ii - Nato Phonetic Alphabet - History
The first internationally recognized alphabet was adopted by the ITU in 1927. The experience gained with that alphabet resulted in severa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - International Phonetic Alphabet: Encyclopedia Ii - International Phonetic Alphabet - Suprasegmentals
Closeup of the suprasegmental section of the IPA chart International Phonetic Alphabet - Intonation. International Phonetic Alphabet -...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nato Phonetic Alphabet: Encyclopedia Ii - Nato Phonetic Alphabet - Variants
At some United States airports, the use of Delta for the letter D is avoided because it is also the callsign for Delta Air Lines. "Dixie"...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Uralic Phonetic Alphabet: Encyclopedia Ii - Uralic Phonetic Alphabet - Vowels
A vowel to the left of a dot is illabial (unrounded); to the right is labial (rounded). Other vowels are denoted using diacritics; see ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Uralic Phonetic Alphabet: Encyclopedia Ii - Uralic Phonetic Alphabet - Consonants
The following table describes the consonants of the UPA. Note that the UPA does not distinguish voiced fricatives from approximates, and ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - International Phonetic Association: Encyclopedia Ii - International Phonetic Association - History
In 1886, in Paris, a small group of language teachers formed an association to encourage the use of phonetic notation in schools to help ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nato Phonetic Alphabet: Encyclopedia Ii - Nato Phonetic Alphabet - Additions In German And Danish
The German-speaking peoples are accustomed to writing some vowels in their language with seemingly inseparable umlauts. Each of their cou...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nato Phonetic Alphabet: Encyclopedia Ii - Nato Phonetic Alphabet - Alphabet And Pronunciation
The pronunciation of the words in the alphabet as well as numbers may vary according to the language habits of the speakers. In order to ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Initiation Phonetics: Encyclopedia Ii - Initiation Phonetics - Pulmonic Initiation
Initiation by means of the lungs (actually the diaphragm and ribs) is called pulmonic initiation. The vast majority of sounds used in hum...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - International Phonetic Alphabet: Encyclopedia Ii - International Phonetic Alphabet - Names Of The Symbols
It is often desirable to distinguish an IPA symbol from the sound it is intended to represent, since there is not a one-to-one correspond...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - International Phonetic Alphabet: Encyclopedia Ii - International Phonetic Alphabet - Consonants Pulmonic
International Phonetic Alphabet - Single articulation. Closeup of the main pulmonic consonant section of the IPA chart The pulmonic con...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - International Phonetic Alphabet: Encyclopedia Ii - International Phonetic Alphabet - Obsolete And Nonstandard Symbols
International Phonetic Alphabet - How to transcribe sounds that don't have symbols in the IPA charts. The remaining blank cells on the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - International Phonetic Alphabet: Encyclopedia Ii - International Phonetic Alphabet - Consonants Non-pulmonic
Closeup of the non-pulmonic consonant section of the IPA chart Notes: All clicks are doubly articulated and require two symbols: a velar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - International Phonetic Alphabet: Encyclopedia Ii - International Phonetic Alphabet - Extended Ipa
The Extended IPA was designed for disordered speech. However, some of the symbols (especially diacritics, below) are occasionally used fo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nato Phonetic Alphabet: Encyclopedia Ii - Nato Phonetic Alphabet - Additions In German Danish And Norwegian
The German-speaking peoples are accustomed to writing some vowels in their language with seemingly inseparable umlauts. Each of their cou...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Inuit Language Phonology And Phonetics: Encyclopedia Ii - Inuit Language Phonology And Phonetics - Intonation
In Inuktitut, intonation is important in distinguishing some words - particularly interrogatives - but it is not generally marked in writ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Inuit Language Phonology And Phonetics: Encyclopedia Ii - Inuit Language Phonology And Phonetics - Syllables
An Inuktitut syllable can begin with a single consonant or a vowel. Consonant clusters at the beginning of a syllable, like [st] or [pl],...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Inuit Language Phonology And Phonetics: Encyclopedia Ii - Inuit Language Phonology And Phonetics - Consonant Sandhi
Inuktitut syllables can start or end with a single consonant. This means that when morphemes are joined together, a double consonant can ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Inuit Language Phonology And Phonetics: Encyclopedia Ii - Inuit Language Phonology And Phonetics - Vowels
Almost all dialects of Inuktitut have only three basic vowels and make a phonemic distinction between short and long forms of all vowels....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Inuit Language Phonology And Phonetics: Encyclopedia Ii - Inuit Language Phonology And Phonetics - Consonants
The Nunavut dialects of Inuktitut have fifteen distinct consonants, except for Natsilingmiutut, which has the additional phoneme /ɟ/. IP...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - International Phonetic Alphabet: Encyclopedia Ii - International Phonetic Alphabet - Diacritics
Closeup of the diacritic section of the IPA chart Sub-diacritics may be placed above a symbol with a descender, i.e. ŋ̊. The dotless i,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - S. L. Wong Phonetic Symbols: Encyclopedia Ii - S. L. Wong Phonetic Symbols - Phonology
Cantonese like other Chinese languages is monosyllabic. Each syllabus is divided into initial (consonant), final (vowel and following con...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - International Phonetic Alphabet For English: Encyclopedia Ii - International Phonetic Alphabet For English - Suprasegmentals
The suprasegmental symbols are called that because they apply to more than one segment (vowel or consonant). In English, the relevant sup...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mandarin Phonetic Symbols Ii: Encyclopedia Ii - Mandarin Phonetic Symbols Ii - History
Based on the earlier and complex Gwoyeu Romatzyh, the tentative version of MPS II was released on May 10, 1984 by the Ministry of Educati...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - International Phonetic Alphabet For English: Encyclopedia Ii - International Phonetic Alphabet For English - Vowels
This section discusses the symbols used for the vowel phonemes in three major English accents. International Phonetic Alphabet for Engli...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - P: Encyclopedia Ii - P - Phonetic Use
In English and most other European languages, P is a voiceless bilabial plosive (/p/ in the IPA). A common digraph in English is "ph", wh...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Reading Education: Encyclopedia Ii - Reading Education - Phonetic
A "phonetic" method teaches sounds to be associated with letters and combinations of letters. Students memorize these associations. They ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dakuten: Encyclopedia Ii - Dakuten - Phonetic Shifts
The following table summarizes the phonetic shifts caused by the dakuten and handakuten. Literally, syllables with dakuten are "muddy sou...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - C: Encyclopedia Ii - C - Phonetic Use
/k/ developed palatal and velar allophones in Latin, probably due to Etruscan influence. The Romance languages and English have a common ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - ‡hõã Language: Encyclopedia Ii - ‡hõã Language - Phonetics
‡Hõã language - Clicks. Like the Southern Khoisan languages, ‡Hoan has five click onsets: bilabial, dental, alveolar, palatal, an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - F: Encyclopedia Ii - F - Phonetic Use
In English, F represents the voiceless labiodental fricative ([f] in IPA), although in certain words, such as "of", it can be a voiced la...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - C: Encyclopedia Ii - C - Phonetic Use
/k/ developed palatal and velar allophones in Latin, probably due to Etruscan influence. The Romance languages and English have a common ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - F: Encyclopedia Ii - F - Phonetic Use
In English, F represents the voiceless labiodental fricative ([f] in IPA), although in certain words, such as "of", it can be a voiced la...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Inuktitut: Encyclopedia Ii - Inuktitut - Phonology And Phonetics
See main article Inuit language phonology and phonetics Eastern Canadian dialects of Inuktitut have fifteen consonants and three vowels (...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nahuatl Transcription: Encyclopedia Ii - Nahuatl Transcription - Phonetic Transcription
A faithful phonetic transcription needs to take into account the fact that the following phonemes have multiple phonetic realizations: (t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Assamese Language: Encyclopedia Ii - Assamese Language - Phonetics
The Assamese phonetic inventory consists of eight oral vowel phonemes, three nasalized vowel phonemes, fifteen diphthongs (two nasalized ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The North Wind And The Sun: Encyclopedia Ii - The North Wind And The Sun - Use In Phonetic Demonstrations
The fable is made famous by its use in phonetic descriptions of languages as an illustration of spoken language. In the Handbook of the I...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ju/’hoan Language: Encyclopedia Ii - Ju/’hoan Language - Phonetics
Ju/’hoan has four tones. There are 5 vowel qualities, [i e a o u]. However, these may be nasalized, glottalized, mumured, or combinatio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bulgarian Language: Encyclopedia Ii - Bulgarian Language - Phonetics
Bulgarian language - Vowels. The Bulgarian vowel system consists of the following six vowels: The Bulgarian vowels may be grouped in th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bengali Language: Encyclopedia Ii - Bengali Language - Phonetics
The phonemic inventory of Bangla consists of 29 consonants and 14 vowels, including the seven nasalized vowels. An approximate phonetic s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Taiwanese Linguistics: Encyclopedia Ii - Taiwanese Linguistics - Phonetics
Phonetically, Taiwanese is a tonal language with extensive tone sandhi rules. Syllables consist maximally of an initial consonant, a vowe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romanian Alphabet: Encyclopedia Ii - Romanian Alphabet - Phonetic Alphabet
There is a Romanian equivalent to the English-language NATO phonetic alphabet: B – Barbu C – Constantin D - Dumitru E - Elena F - Flo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kokborok Language: Encyclopedia Ii - Kokborok Language - Kokborok Sounds And Phonetics
Kokborok is a Tibeto-Burmese language and is closely related to the Boro language.It is a typical Tibeto-Burmese language and consists of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Faroese Language: Encyclopedia Ii - Faroese Language - Phonetics
Faroese language - Vowels. As in other languages, including English, stressed vowels in Faroese are long when not followed by two or th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mexican Spanish: Encyclopedia Ii - Mexican Spanish - Phonetics And Phonology
A striking feature of Mexican Spanish, in the interior of the country at least, is the high rate of unstressed vowel reduction and elisio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mishnaic Hebrew Language: Encyclopedia Ii - Mishnaic Hebrew Language - Phonetics
Final /m/ is often confused with final /n/ in the Mishna (see Bava Kama 1:4, "מועדין"). Probably the final nasal consonant was not ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - O'odham Language: Encyclopedia Ii - O'odham Language - Etymological Vs. Phonetic Spelling
There is some disagreement among speakers as to whether the spelling of words should be only phonetic, or whether etymology should be con...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gothic Language: Encyclopedia Ii - Gothic Language - Phonetic And Phonological System
In order to raise legibility and contrary to standard linguistic conventions, this article contains phonological transcriptions between s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sefer Yetzirah: Encyclopedia Ii - Sefer Yetzirah - The Phonetic System
The philological is discussed first, since it is necessary for an elucidation of the philosophical speculations of the work. The twenty-t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Inuit Language: Encyclopedia Ii - Inuit Language - Phonology And Phonetics
See main article Inuit language phonology and phonetics. Eastern Canadian Inuit language variants have fifteen consonants and three vowel...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - International Phonetic Alphabet: Encyclopedia Ii - International Phonetic Alphabet - Vowels
Closeup of the vowel chart of the IPA Notes: Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel, as does [ʊ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gothic Language: Encyclopedia Ii - Gothic Language - Phonetic And Phonological System
It is possible to determine more or less exactly how the Gothic of Ulfilas was pronounced, primarily through comparative phonetic reconst...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Central American Spanish: Encyclopedia Ii - Central American Spanish - Phonetics And Phonology
In Spanish, words do not end with stops. However, many such words are borrowed from English. In Central America, all such stops are usual...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Japanese Typographic Symbols: Encyclopedia Ii - Japanese Typographic Symbols - Phonetic Marks Hatsuonkigō 発音記号
bōsen (棒線) nigori (濁り) tenten handaku (半濁) ... See also:Japanese typographic symbols, Japanese typographic symbols - Repe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pronunciation Of English Th: Encyclopedia Ii - Pronunciation Of English Th - Phonetic Realisation
In standard English, both in Britain and America, the phonetic realisation of these phonemes shows less variation than for many other Eng...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gemination: Encyclopedia Ii - Gemination - In Other Languages
In languages such as Swedish or Italian, consonant gemination and vowel length depend on each other. That is, a short vowel must be follo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - International Phonetic Alphabet: Encyclopedia Ii - International Phonetic Alphabet - Affricates And Double Articulation
Affricates and doubly articulated stops are represented by two symbols joined by a tie bar, either above or below the symbols. The six mo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Acadian French: Encyclopedia Ii - Acadian French - Phonetic Changes
/k/ and /tj/ is commonly replaced by /tʃ/ before a front vowel. For example, queue, cuillère, quelqu'un and cul are usually pronounced ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Quebec French: Encyclopedia Ii - Quebec French - Phonology And Phonetics
Quebec French has more phonemes than France French, as /a/ and /ɑ:/, /ɛ/ and /ɜ:/, and /ɛ̃/ and /œ̃/ are still clearly opposed whe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gemination: Encyclopedia Ii - Gemination - In English
In the English phonology, gemination is not distinctive. Phonetic gemination occurs marginally. It is often found where a root-word is pr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Quebec French: Encyclopedia Ii - Quebec French - Phonology And Phonetics
Quebec French has more phonemes than France French, as /a/ and /ɑ:/, /ɛ/ and /ɜ:/, and /ɛ̃/ and /œ̃/ are still clearly opposed whe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gemination: Encyclopedia Ii - Gemination - History Of The Term
Originally, gemination meant something different than mere consonant length. At the end of the 19th century, German phoneticians thought ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gemination: Encyclopedia Ii - Gemination - Writing
In written language, gemination is often indicated by writing a consonant twice ("ss", "kk", "pp", and so forth), but can also be indicat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - R-colored Vowel: Encyclopedia Ii - R-colored Vowel - R-colored Schwa
The r-colored schwa or schwer is a type of rhotacized vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonet...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - P: Encyclopedia Ii - P - Alternative Representations
Papa represents the letter P in the NATO phonetic alphabet. In international Morse code the letter P is DitDahDahDit: · - -
...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alveolar Trill: Encyclopedia Ii - Alveolar Trill - In Other Languages
Alveolar trills are common in Slavic languages like Russian and Polish, as well as Romance languages such as Spanish and Italian. French,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - C: Encyclopedia Ii - C - Alternative Representations
Charlie represents the letter C in the NATO phonetic alphabet. In international Morse code the letter C is DahDitDahDit: - · -...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Voiceless Uvular Plosive: Encyclopedia Ii - Voiceless Uvular Plosive - In Other Languages
Arabic and Syriac use this sound phonemically, and it is represented by the letters ﻕ (Qaf) and ܩ (Qōph), respectively, as in the nam...   » Read the article