Phoenicia - Article Index

Encyclopedia - Phoenicia: Encyclopedia - Phoenicia
Phoenicia was an ancient civilization in the north of ancient Canaan, with its heartland along the coastal plain of what is now Lebanon, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Phoenicia: Encyclopedia Ii - Phoenicia - Origins
Herodotus's account (written c. 440 BC) refers to a faint memory from 1000 years earlier, and so may be subject to question (History, I:1...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Canaan: Encyclopedia - Canaan
Canaan or Knáʕan (Arabic کنعان, Hebrew כְּנַעַן, Septuagint Greek Χανααν) is an ancient term for a region roughly c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alleged Palace Of David Site: Encyclopedia - Alleged Palace Of David Site
The alleged Palace of David site is a large 10th to 9th century BC public building in eastern Jerusalem whose discovery was announced on ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Antigonus Ii Gonatas: Encyclopedia - Antigonus Ii Gonatas
Antigonus II Gonatas (c. 319 BC—239 BC) was a powerful ruler who definitely established the Antigonid dynasty in Macedonia and acquired...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ancient History: Encyclopedia - Ancient History
Ancient history is the study of significant cultural and political events from the beginning of human history until the Early Middle Ages...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Artaxerxes Ii Of Persia: Encyclopedia - Artaxerxes Ii Of Persia
Artaxerxes II Memnon (c. 436 - 358 BC) was king of Persia from 404 BC until his death. He defended his position against his brother Cyrus...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Belus Egyptian: Encyclopedia - Belus Egyptian
Belus (Greek Belos) the Egyptian is in Greek Mythology a son of Poseidon by Libya. He was a King of Egypt and father of Aegyptus and Dana...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Beirut: Encyclopedia - Beirut
Beirut (Arabic: بيروت, transliterated Bayrūt - the French name, Beyrouth, was also commonly used in English in the past) is the cap...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Battle Of Karkar: Encyclopedia - Battle Of Karkar
The Battle of Karkar (or Qarqar) was fought in 853 BC when the army of Assyria, led by king Shalmaneser III, encountered an allied army o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Assyria: Encyclopedia - Assyria
Assyria in earliest historical times referred to a region on the Upper Tigris river, named for its original capital, the ancient city of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Syria: Encyclopedia - Syria
33°30' N 36°18' E The Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic: الجمهورية العربية السورية) or Syria (Arabic: سوريا) is ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Valens: Encyclopedia - Valens
Flavius Julius Valens (Latin: IMP·CAESAR·FLAVIVS·IVLIVS·VALENS·AVGVSTVS) (328 – August 9, 378) was Roman emperor from 364 until hi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ulster County New York: Encyclopedia - Ulster County New York
Ulster County is a county located in the state of New York, USA. As of 2000, the population is 177,749. The county seat is Kingston. The...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tyre: Encyclopedia - Tyre
Tyre (Arabic الصور aṣ-Ṣūr, native Phoenician Ṣur, Latin Tyrus, Akkadian Ṣurru, Tiberian Hebrew צר Ṣōr, Greek Τύρο�...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Phoenix: Encyclopedia - Phoenix
Please remove this notice after the article has been expanded. Details are on this talk page or at Wikipedia:Requests for expansion. In a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Scythia: Encyclopedia - Scythia
Scythia was an area in Eurasia inhabited in ancient times by a group of Iranian people speaking Indo-Iranian languages, known as the Scyt...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ahab: Encyclopedia - Ahab
Ahab or Ach'av (אַחְאָב "Brother of the father", Standard Hebrew Aḥʼav, Tiberian Hebrew ʼAḥăʼāḇ, ʼAḫʼāḇ) was Kin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Berith: Encyclopedia - Berith
In demonology Berith is a Great Duke of Hell, powerful and terrible, and has twenty-six legions of demons under his command. He tells thi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alexander The Great: Encyclopedia - Alexander The Great
Alexander the Great (in Greek Μέγας Αλέξανδρος, transliterated Megas Alexandros; born in Pella, Macedon, in July, 356 BC, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ancient Greece: Encyclopedia - Ancient Greece
Ancient Greece is the term used to describe the Greek-speaking world in ancient times. It refers not only to the geographical peninsula o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Menelaus: Encyclopedia - Menelaus
This article is about Menelaus the king of Sparta. For the mathematician and astronomer, see Menelaus of Alexandria. Menelaus (also tr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Story Of Wenamun: Encyclopedia - Story Of Wenamun
The Story of Wenamun (alternately known as the Report of Wenamun, The Misadventures of Wenamun, or [informally] as just Wenamun) is a lit...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cleopatra Vii Of Egypt: Encyclopedia - Cleopatra Vii Of Egypt
Cleopatra VII Philopator (January 69 BC – August 12, 30 BC) was queen of ancient Egypt, the last member of the Ptolemaic dynasty and he...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Clime: Encyclopedia - Clime
The seven climes (klima, plural klimata, meaning "inclination", referring to the angle between the axis of the celestial sphere and the h...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Black Obelisk: Encyclopedia - Black Obelisk
The "Black Obelisk" of Shalmaneser III (reigned 858-824 BC) is a black limestone Neo-Assyrian bas-relief sculpture from Nimrud (ancient K...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 314 Bc: Encyclopedia - 314 Bc
Centuries: 5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC Decades: 360s BC 350s BC 340s BC 330s BC 320s BC 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 280s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cadmus: Encyclopedia - Cadmus
Cadmus, or Kadmos (Greek: Κάδμος), in Greek mythology, was the son of the king of Phoenicia and brother of Europa. His father is ei...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cilicia: Encyclopedia - Cilicia
In ancient geography, Cilicia ("Ki-LIK-ya") formed a district on the southeastern coast of Asia Minor (modern Turkey), north of Cyprus. C...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Luxor: Encyclopedia - Luxor
Luxor (Arabic: الأقصر ) is a city in Upper (southern) Egypt. It has often been called the "world's greatest open air museum", with ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Canaanite Languages: Encyclopedia - Canaanite Languages
The Canaanite languages are a subfamily of the Semitic languages, spoken by the ancient peoples of the Canaan region, including Canaanite...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sarepta: Encyclopedia - Sarepta
Sarepta (modern Sarafand, Lebanon) was a Phoenician city on the Mediterranean coast between Sidon and Tyre. It was excavated by James B. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Caryatid: Encyclopedia - Caryatid
A caryatid is a sculpted female figure serving as an architectural element such as a column or a pillar supporting an entablature on its ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yamm: Encyclopedia - Yamm
Yamm was the god of oceans, seas, rivers and lakes in several old semitic religions, for instance in Phoenicia, Ancient Egypt and for the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hebrews: Encyclopedia Ii - Hebrews - Modern Academic Views On The Origin Of The Hebrews
When the Tell el-Amarna archives were initially translated, some scholars eagerly equated the Habiru, described within the text, with the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alexander The Great: Encyclopedia Ii - Alexander The Great - Period Of Conquests
Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire. Alexander's army had crossed the Hellespont with about 42,000 soldiers---primar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hafun: Encyclopedia Ii - Hafun - Hafun In The Ancient World Opone
Ras Hafun is believed to be the location of the ancient trade center of "Opone". Opone was mentioned by an anonymous merchant in the 1st ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Shipbuilding: Encyclopedia Ii - Shipbuilding - History
Archeological evidence indicates that humans arrived on New Guinea at least 60,000 years ago, probably by sea from Southeast Asia during ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alexander The Great: Encyclopedia Ii - Alexander The Great - Period Of Conquests
Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire. Alexander's army had crossed the Hellespont with about 42,000 soldiers---primar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Habiru: Encyclopedia Ii - Habiru - The Sources
Habiru - Sumerian records. Sumerian documents from the reign of Shulgi of Ur (around 2150 BC) describe a class of "unclothed people, wh...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Lebanon: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Lebanon - Postwar Reconstruction: 1992 To Present
Since the end of the war, the Lebanese have conducted several elections, most of the militias have been weakened or disbanded, and the Le...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Diadochi: Encyclopedia Ii - Diadochi - Wars Of The Diadochi 322-301 Bc
Diadochi - First War of the Diadochi 322-320 BC. Soon, however, conflict broke out. Perdiccas's marriage to Alexander's sister Cleopatr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ancient History: Encyclopedia Ii - Ancient History - Chronology
Ancient history - Prehistory. c. 60th millennium BC - Modern humans migrate out of Africa and begin spreading across Asia c. 40th mill...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Empire Earth: Encyclopedia Ii - Empire Earth - Campaigns
This campaign is where players will learn how to play Empire Earth and will give the basics on how to play RTS games. This campaign is a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Valens: Encyclopedia Ii - Valens - Appointment To Emperor
Flavius Valens and his brother Flavius Valentinianus were both born 48 miles east of Sirmium, in the town of Cibalae in 328 and 321, resp...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Beirut: Encyclopedia Ii - Beirut - History
Originally named Bêrūt "The Wells" by the Phoenicians, the first historical reference to Beirut dates from the 15th century BCE, when i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mitanni: Encyclopedia Ii - Mitanni - History
As early as Akkadian times, Hurrians are known to have lived east of the river Tigris on the northern rim of Mesopotamia, and in the Khab...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mermaid: Encyclopedia Ii - Mermaid - Legend And Myth
Tales of mermaids are nearly universal. The first known mermaid stories appeared in Assyria, ca. 1000 BCE. Atargatis, the mother of Assyr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Phoenician Languages: Encyclopedia Ii - Phoenician Languages - Phonology Grammar And Vocabulary
It is difficult to evaluate sound-changes in Phoenician dialects over time because writers continued to use archaic "book-spellings" that...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ouroboros: Encyclopedia Ii - Ouroboros - Ouroboros In Modern Culture
Ouroboros - Chemistry. The organic chemist August Kekulé claimed that a ring in the shape of Ouroboros inspired him in his discovery o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Story Of Wenamun: Encyclopedia Ii - Story Of Wenamun - Analysis
It was once widely believed that the Story of Wenamun was an actual historical account, written by Wenamun as a report regarding his trav...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Basic Classical Topics: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Basic Classical Topics - Greece
List of basic classical topics - History of Greece. The Minoan civilisation The Mycenaean civilisation The Dark Ages Classical Greece ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sarepta: Encyclopedia Ii - Sarepta - History
Sarepta is mentioned for the first time in the voyage of an Egyptian in the 14th century BC (Chabas, Voyage d'un Egyptien, 1866, pp 20, 1...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ulster County New York: Encyclopedia Ii - Ulster County New York - History
In 1683, the Province of New York established its first twelve counties. Ulster County was one of them. Its boundaries at that time inclu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nordic Bronze Age: Encyclopedia Ii - Nordic Bronze Age - General Characteristics
Even though Scandinavians joined the European Bronze Age cultures fairly late through trade, Scandinavian sites present rich and well-pre...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Timeline Of Materials Technology: Encyclopedia Ii - Timeline Of Materials Technology - 2nd Millennium
Timeline of materials technology - 18th century. 1738 - William Champion patents a process for the production of metallic zinc by dist...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jezebel Biblical: Encyclopedia Ii - Jezebel Biblical - In The Hebrew Bible
In the Hebrew Bible, Jezebel is the name of a Queen of Israel, whose story is told in 1 Kings. Jezebel was a Phoenician princess, the dau...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Land Of Punt: Encyclopedia Ii - Land Of Punt - Punt's Location
The precise location of the land of Punt has been a subject of debate. Ancient Egyptian texts are consistent about connecting the locatio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Hebrew Names: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Hebrew Names - List
List of Hebrew names - א Álef. אָב Av, ʼĀḇ, Ab. Month name, also "father". Akkadian loan: abu. אֲבִיגַיִל Avigáyil...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tyre: Encyclopedia Ii - Tyre - Early History
The commerce of the ancient world was gathered into the warehouses of Tyre. "Tyrian merchants were the first who ventured to navigate the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ibiza: Encyclopedia Ii - Ibiza - History
In 654 BCE Phoenician settlers founded a port in the Balearic Islands, as Ibossim, later known to Romans (as "Ebusus") for its wine, marb...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cleopatra Vii Of Egypt: Encyclopedia Ii - Cleopatra Vii Of Egypt - Early Life And Name
"Cleopatra" is Greek for "father's glory," and her full name, "Cleopatra Thea Philopator" means "the Goddess Cleopatra, the Beloved of He...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ancient Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - Ancient Greece - Society
The distinguishing features of ancient Greek society were the division between free and slave, the differing roles of men and women, the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mitanni: Encyclopedia Ii - Mitanni - History
As early as Akkadian times, Hurrians are known to have lived east of the river Tigris on the northern rim of Mesopotamia, and in the Khab...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pre-islamic Period Of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia Ii - Pre-islamic Period Of Afghanistan - Ancient Afghanistan: From The Aryans To The Medes. 1500 Bce - 551 Bce
Between 2000-1200 BCE, a branch of Indo-European-speaking tribes known as the Aryans or Indo-Iranians began migrating into the region. Th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alleged Palace Of David Site: Encyclopedia Ii - Alleged Palace Of David Site - Current Progress
The dig is ongoing, but progress is limited by the current occupants of the land atop the ruins. According to the New York Times article ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cilicia: Encyclopedia Ii - Cilicia - Hellenism And Roman Cilicia
Similarly Alexander found the Gates open, when he came down from the plateau in 333 BC; and from these facts it may be inferred that the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mermaid: Encyclopedia Ii - Mermaid - Legend And Myth
Tales of mermaids are nearly universal. The first known mermaid stories appeared in Assyria, ca. 1000 BCE. Atargatis, the mother of Assyr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Assyria: Encyclopedia Ii - Assyria - Old Assyrian City-state
The city-state of Ashur had extensive contact with cities on the Anatolian plateau. The Assyrians established "merchant colonies" in Capp...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Antigonus Ii Gonatas: Encyclopedia Ii - Antigonus Ii Gonatas - King Of Macedonia
Antigonus II Gonatas - Antigonus against Pyrrhus. Pyrrhus, king of Epirus, Macedonia's Western neighbour, was a general of mercurial ab...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Egypt Under Achaemenid Persian Domination: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Egypt Under Achaemenid Persian Domination - The First Persian Domination
Cambyses led three unsuccessful military campaigns in Africa: against Carthage, the oases of the Libyan desert, and Nubia. He remained in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Principality Of Galilee: Encyclopedia Ii - Principality Of Galilee - Princes Of Galilee
(Italicized names are of titular princes.) Tancred, Prince of Galilee (1099–1101) Hugh of St. Omer (1105–?) Gervaise de Bazoches Jos...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Land Of Punt: Encyclopedia Ii - Land Of Punt - Punt's Location
The precise location of the land of Punt has been a subject of debate. Ancient Egyptian texts are consistent about connecting the locatio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Urville Fictional City: Encyclopedia Ii - Urville Fictional City - Urville History
Urville fictional city - Antiquity. In the 12th century B.C., Qart-Sous-Yam, "Sea Horse City", (in Latin, Carsutia, and in English Cars...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Scythia: Encyclopedia Ii - Scythia - History
Scythia - Overview. To date, no widely accepted explanation exists for the origin of the Scythians, nor how they migrated to the Caucas...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Luxor: Encyclopedia Ii - Luxor - Four Thousand Years Of Tourism
Waset, as it was then known, was for the ancient Egyptians of the 2nd and the 1st millennia BCE, "the city" par excellence. To its visito...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Clime: Encyclopedia Ii - Clime - Ptolemy
Ptolemy gives a list of parallels, starting with the equator, and proceeding north at intervals, chosen so that the longest day (summer s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Syria: Encyclopedia Ii - Syria - History
Main article: History of Syria Archaeologists have demonstrated that Syria was the center of one of the most ancient civilizations on ear...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Syria: Encyclopedia Ii - Syria - History
Archaeologists have demonstrated that Syria was the center of one of the most ancient civilizations on earth. Around the excavated city o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Assyria: Encyclopedia Ii - Assyria - Old Assyrian City-state
The city-state of Ashur had extensive contact with cities on the Anatolian plateau. The Assyrians established "merchant colonies" in Capp...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Slide Mountain New York: Encyclopedia Ii - Slide Mountain New York - History
Slide Mountain New York - Discovery as highest Catskill peak. For a mountain with so many superlatives, Slide actually took a long time...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alexander The Great: Encyclopedia Ii - Alexander The Great - Period Of Conquests
Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire. Alexander's army had crossed the Hellespont with about 40,000 soldiers---primar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Beirut: Encyclopedia Ii - Beirut - History
Originally named Bêrūt "The Wells" by the Phoenicians, the first historical reference to Beirut dates from the 15th century BCE, when i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Middle East: Encyclopedia Ii - Middle East - Borders
The term Middle East defines a cultural area, so it does not have precise borders. The most common and highly arbitrary definition includ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ibiza: Encyclopedia Ii - Ibiza - History
In 654 BC Phoenician settlers founded a port in the Balearic Islands, as Ibossim, later known to Romans (as "Ebusus") for its wine, marbl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Canaan: Encyclopedia Ii - Canaan - Egyptian Canaan
During the 2nd millennium BC the name Kan'an, favoured in Egyptian usage, was used for a province of the Egyptian empire bounded on the w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Harpagus: Encyclopedia Ii - Harpagus - Biography
A member of the Median royal house, Harpagus first appears in the Histories of Herodotus as a courtier in service to King Astyages of Med...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Belus Egyptian: Encyclopedia Ii - Belus Egyptian - More Genealogical Information
Apollodorus (2.1.4) claims that Aegyptus and Danaus were twins and that their mother was Anchinoe (otherwise unknown) and that she was da...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cleopatra Vii Of Egypt: Encyclopedia Ii - Cleopatra Vii Of Egypt - Cleopatra In Art, Film, Tv, And Literature
Cleopatra's story has fascinated scores of writers and artists through the centuries. No doubt, much of her appeal lay in her legend as a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Assyria: Encyclopedia Ii - Assyria - Early History
Of the early history of the kingdom of Assyria, little is positively known. According to some Judeo-Christian traditions, the city of Ash...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hebrews: Encyclopedia Ii - Hebrews - Religious Views
Biblically, the term Hebrew refers to all the Children of Eber, and in particular the descendants that the Hebrew Bible states the patria...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Slide Mountain New York: Encyclopedia Ii - Slide Mountain New York - Geography
Like most other Catskill peaks, Slide's summit is gentle and rounded, taking the form of a narrow ridge that rises to a wider bump on its...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ancient Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - Ancient Greece - The Peloponnesian War
In 431 BC war broke out again between Athens and Sparta and its allies. The immediate cause was a dispute between Corinth and one of its ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ancient Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - Ancient Greece - The Persian Wars
In Ionia (the modern Aegean coast of Turkey) the Greek cities, which included great centres such as Miletus and Halicarnassus, were unabl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pre-islamic Period Of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia Ii - Pre-islamic Period Of Afghanistan - Sassanian Rule Ca. 300 - 650
In the 3rd century, Kushan control fragmented into semi-independent kingdoms that became easy targets for conquest by the rising Iranian ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pre-islamic Period Of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia Ii - Pre-islamic Period Of Afghanistan - The Kushan Empire Ca. 150 Bce - 300 Ce
In the third and second centuries BC, the Parthians, a nomadic Iranian people, arrived in ancient Afghanistan. The Parthians established ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Slide Mountain New York: Encyclopedia Ii - Slide Mountain New York - Natural Environment
Slide Mountain New York - Forest. Slide's slopes are covered with a typical Catskills ridge hardwood forest of various maple species, y...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pre-islamic Period Of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia Ii - Pre-islamic Period Of Afghanistan - The Shahi Kings Ca. 650 - 1013
Up until the advent of Islam, most of Afghanistan was dominated mainly by the Sassanians and local vassals who were Kushans or Hepthalite...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ancient History: Encyclopedia Ii - Ancient History - Some Prominent Civilizations Of Ancient History
Ancient history - Europe and the Mediterranean. Ancient Egypt Ancient Greece Ancient Rome Carthage Etruscans Hittites Phoenicia Scythi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Syria: Encyclopedia Ii - Syria - Politics
Syria This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Syria President Prime Minister Political parties Elections edit Off...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Valens: Encyclopedia Ii - Valens - The Persian Struggle
Among Valens's reasons for contracting a hasty and not entirely favorable peace in 369 was the deteriorating state of affairs in the East...   » Read the article