Philosophical terminology

Anamnesis (Greek:αναμνησις; “recollection”, “reminiscence”) is a term used in philosophy and religion. Anamnesis - Philosophy. Plato uses "anamnesis" in the epistemological theory that he develops in his dialogues Meno and Phaedo. In Meno, Plato's character (and old teacher) Socrates is challenged by Meno with what has become known as the sophistic paradox, or the paradox of knowledge: Meno: And how are you going to search for [the nature of virtue] when y ...

Including:

• Anamnesis - Philosophy
• Anamnesis - Phaedo
• Anamnesis - Religious use
• Anamnesis - Sources and references

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Actual Idealism was a form of idealism developed by Giovanni Gentile that grew into a 'grounded' idealism contrasting the Transcendental Idealism of Immanuel Kant and the Absolute idealism of Georg Hegel. Actual Idealism - Acceptance. It was successful in laying a theory of regarding thought that garnered enough attention to prove a competition to the new waves of positivism and therefore materialist conceptions of social life that were vying for reformist tendencies in the politics of the time. Its ideas t ...

Including:

• Actual Idealism - Acceptance
• Actual Idealism - Tenets
• Actual Idealism - Explanation
• Actual Idealism - Further reading in English on Actual Idealism
• Actual Idealism - Further reading in German

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"What is absolutely true is always correct, everywhere, all the time, under any condition. An entity's ability to discern these things is irrelevant to that state of truth." - Steven Robiner Absolute truth can be interpreted in different ways based on its usage, just like truth. Some believe that the correct communication cannot be found for describing ideas of absolute truth by entities that possess the metaphysically true state of the ability to lie and have lied before, thus making the following description vulnerable to pot ...

Including:

• Absolute truth - As a state truth
• Absolute truth - As an action verity
• Absolute truth - Examples

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Relativism is the view that the meaning and value of human beliefs and behaviors have no absolute reference. Relativists claim that humans understand and evaluate beliefs and behaviors only in terms of, for example, their historical and cultural context. Philosophers identify many different kinds of relativism depending upon what allegedly depends on something and what something depends on. The term is often used for truth relativism - the doctrine th ...

Including:

• Relativism - Advocates of relativism
• Relativism - Arguments against relativism
• Relativism - Counter-arguments
• Relativism - The Catholic Church and relativism
• Relativism - John Paul II
• Relativism - Benedict XVI
• Relativism - See Also

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Reality in everyday usage means "everything that exists." The term "Reality," in its most liberal sense, includes everything that is, whether or not it is observable, accessible or understandable by science, philosophy, theology or any other system of analysis. Reality in this sense may include both being and nothingness, whereas "existence" is often restricted to being. (Compare with nature). In the strict sense of European-German philosophy, there are levels or gradation to the nature and conception of reality. These levels include, from the most subjective to the most rigorous: Phenomenological reality ...

Including:

• Reality - Simple reality
• Reality - Phenomenological reality
• Reality - Truth
• Reality - Fact
• Reality - Axiom
• Reality - What reality might not be
• Reality - Reality world views and theories of reality
• Reality - Philosophical views of reality

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For Wikipedia's categorization projects, see Wikipedia:Categorization. Categorization is the process in which ideas and objects are recognised and understood. Categorization implies that objects are grouped into categories, usually for some specific purpose. Ideally, a category illuminates a relationship between the subjects and objects of knowledge. Categorization is fundamental in decision making and in all kinds of interaction with the environment. There are, h ...

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• Categorization - The Classical View
• Categorization - Cognitive science

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Infinity is a term with very distinct, separate meanings which arise in theology, philosophy, mathematics and everyday life. Popular or colloquial usage of the term often does not accord with its more technical meanings. The word infinity comes from Latin : "Infinito", unending. In theology, for example in the work of theologians such as Duns Scotus, the infinite nature of God invokes a sense of being without constraint, rather than a sense of being unlimited in quantity. In philosophy, infinity can be attrib ...

Including:

• Infinity - History
• Infinity - Ancient view of infinity
• Infinity - Views from the Renaissance to modern times
• Infinity - Modern philosophical views
• Infinity - Infinity symbol
• Infinity - Mathematical infinity
• Infinity - Infinity in real analysis
• Infinity - Infinity in complex analysis
• Infinity - Arithmetic properties of infinity
• Infinity - Infinity in set theory
• Infinity - Mathematics without infinity
• Infinity - Use of infinity in common speech
• Infinity - Physical infinity
• Infinity - Infinity in cosmology
• Infinity - Three types of infinities
• Infinity - Infinity in science fiction
• Infinity - Note

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In philosophy, a proposition is said to have universality if it can be conceived as being true in all possible contexts without creating a contradiction. Some philosophers have referred to such propositions as universalizable. Category: Philosophical terminology Other related archivesPhilosophical terminology, philosophy

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Universals (used as a noun) are either properties, relations, or types. However, classes are not usually considered to be universals; however, some prominent philosophers, such as John Bigelow, do think that classes are universals. It is worth noting that all four items are generally considered abstract, nonphysical entities. They are at least so considered by Platonic realists; there are others who use the terminology of properties, relations, etc., but who do not wish to be realists. Part of the difficulty, inde ...

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A phenomenon (plural: phenomena) is an observable event, especially something special (literally something that can be seen from the Greek word phainomenon = observable). Phenomenon - Kant's use of phenomenon. Phenomenon has a specialized meaning in the philosophy of Immanuel Kant who contrasted the term 'Phenomenon' with 'Noumenon'. Phenomena constitute the world as we experience it, as opposed to the world as it exists independently of our experiences (thing-in- ...

Including:

• Phenomenon - Kant's use of phenomenon
• Phenomenon - Phenomenon in the general sense
• Phenomenon - Quotes

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Conceptual framework is used in research to outline possible courses of action or present a preferred approach to a system analysis project. The framework is built from a set of concepts linked to a planned or existing system of methods, behaviors, functions, relationships and objects. A conceptual framework might, in computing terms, be thought of as a relational model. See also. Concept Theory Ontology Categories: Articles to b ...

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Entelechy is a philosophical concept of Aristotle. The words traces to Latin, entelechia, from Greek enteles (complete), from telos (end, completion) and echein (to have). It denotes realization as opposed to potentiality. In some philosophical systems, it may denote a force propelling one to self-fulfillment. This concept occupies a central position in the metaphysics of Leibniz, and is closely related to his monadology. Each sentient entity contains its own entire universe within it, ...

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Energeia is an important Greek technical term in the works of Aristotle. The two components of his coinage indicate something being "in work". Joe Sachs attempts to translate it literally as a "being at work" although conventionally terms like activity and actuality are used. Most translators seem to make no effort to find one single translation. Aristotle contrasts the concept energeia with dunamis and hexis, in various places. See Eudemian Ethics II.i.1218b and Nicomachean Ethics I.viii.1098b33. And it is sometimes compared to kinesis (movement or perhaps s ...

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Dunamis is a Greek word sometimes seen in English texts because of its importance in philosophy. Dunamis - Aristotle. Aristotle contrasted the Dunamis with energeia. Dunamis - Oracle of Dunamis. In Greek mythology, the Oracle of Dunamis (c.1400BC) contained a statue of a man who was to lead humanity into a time of spiritual prosperity - later to be attributed to Jesus by early Christians in support of Biblical prophecies. Believed to be situated sout ...

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• Dunamis - Aristotle
• Dunamis - Oracle of Dunamis

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Cosmic pluralism or the plurality of worlds describes the belief in numerous other worlds beyond the Earth which harbour extraterrestrial life. The debate began as early as the time of Thales and has continued, in different form, until the modern era. In Greek times the debate was largely philosophical and did not conform to present notions of cosmology. Cosmic pluralism was a corollary to notions of infinity and the purported multitude of life-bearing worlds were more akin to parallel universes (either cotemporaneously ...

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Form (Lat. forma), in general, refers to the external shape, appearance, configuration of an object, in contrast to the matter or content or substance of which it is composed; thus a speech may contain excellent arguments (the matter may be good), whereas the style, grammar, arrangement (the form) may be bad. "Form is supposed to cover the shape or structure of the work; content its substance, meaning, ideas, or expressive effects." (Middleton 1999, p.141) The term, with its adjective forma ...

Including:

• Form - Form in philosophy

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The word has had various usages in philosophy. It has been used to translate the Platonic idea (eidos), the permanent reality which makes a thing what it is, in contrast with the thing's particulars, which are finite and subject to change. Whether Plato understood these forms as actually existent apart from all the particular examples, or as being of the nature of immutable physical laws, is a matter of controversy. For practical purposes, Aristotle was the first to distinguish between matter (hyle) and formSee also:

Form, Form - Form in philosophy

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Socrates' philosophy, as it is represented in Plato's early dialogues, contains two related claims about eudaimonia. The first is the strong inter-dependence of eudaimonia, virtue (aretē), and knowledge (epistemē): virtue is a sort of knowledge, perhaps 'knowledge of good and evil', and it is this knowledge that is required to reach the ultimate good, eudaimonia being the prime candidate for this ultimate good. The second, sometimes called "psychological eudaimonism" or "Socratic intellectualism", is the claim that the ultimate good, eudaimonia, is wh ...

See also:

Eudaimonia, Eudaimonia - Greek Philosophy

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One might ask, "How is men's desire for liberty to be reconciled with the need for authority?" Its answer by various thinkers provides a fault line for understanding their view on liberty but also a cluster of intersecting concepts such as authority, equality, and justice. Hobbes and Locke give two influential and representative solutions to this question. As a starting point, both agree that a line must be drawn and a space sharply delineated where each individual can act unhindered according to their tastes, desires, and inclination ...

See also:

Negative liberty, Negative liberty - Negative liberty and authority: Hobbes and Locke, Negative liberty - Negative liberty in various thinkers, Negative liberty - Bibliography, Negative liberty - External link

Read more here: » Negative liberty: Encyclopedia II - Negative liberty - Negative liberty and authority: Hobbes and Locke

Aristotle contrasted the Dunamis with energeia. ...

See also:

Dunamis, Dunamis - Aristotle, Dunamis - Oracle of Dunamis

Read more here: » Dunamis: Encyclopedia II - Dunamis - Aristotle