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philological

A Wisdom Archive on philological

philological

A selection of articles related to philological

philological

ARTICLES RELATED TO philological

philological: Encyclopedia II - History of the Balkans - Middle Ages and the Early Modern period

The Balkans was a confluence of great powers, a buffer between occident and orient. Various wars, rebellions, invasions, and disputes between different ethnic groups were supported by at least one great power, with at least one other great power opposed. History of the Balkans - Genoa colonies in lower Danube. Its name derived from Saint Giorgio. It was first mentioned in Codex Latinus Parisinus, in 1395 during the Mircea cel Batran and was ...

See also:

History of the Balkans, History of the Balkans - Early history, History of the Balkans - Chalcolithic civilization, History of the Balkans - Hallstatt, History of the Balkans - Indo-Europeanization, History of the Balkans - Classical antiquity, History of the Balkans - Odrysian empire, History of the Balkans - Dacian kingdom, History of the Balkans - Greek city-states and their colonies, History of the Balkans - Empire of Macedon, History of the Balkans - Illyrian kingdoms, History of the Balkans - The Roman conquests, History of the Balkans - Christianity during the Daco-Roman era, History of the Balkans - The Dark Ages and the Great Migrations, History of the Balkans - Nomadic peoples, History of the Balkans - Slavs, History of the Balkans - Magyars, History of the Balkans - Bulgars and Bulgarians, History of the Balkans - Vlachs Romanians Aromanians Morlachs Istro-Romanians, History of the Balkans - Balkan linguistic union, History of the Balkans - Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, History of the Balkans - Genoa colonies in lower Danube, History of the Balkans - Fourth Crusade in the Balkans, History of the Balkans - Battle of Nicopolis, History of the Balkans - Eastern Roman Empire, History of the Balkans - Ottoman Empire, History of the Balkans - East-West Schism, History of the Balkans - Habsburg Empire, History of the Balkans - Rise of Independence, History of the Balkans - 1804 First Serbian Uprising and 1815 Second Serbian Uprising, History of the Balkans - 1821 revolt in Greece and Romania, History of the Balkans - 1829 Adrianople peace, History of the Balkans - 1831 Bosnian Rebellion, History of the Balkans - 1848 Revolution, History of the Balkans - Russian defeat in Crimea: the Balkan implications, History of the Balkans - Desire of Independence, History of the Balkans - April uprising, History of the Balkans - 1877 War, History of the Balkans - Secularisation in Balkans, History of the Balkans - Orthodoxy, History of the Balkans - The Pig War, History of the Balkans - Balkan Wars, History of the Balkans - First Balkan War, History of the Balkans - Second Balkan War, History of the Balkans - The Balkans in modern times, History of the Balkans - World War I in the Balkans, History of the Balkans - Consequences of World War I, History of the Balkans - World War II in Balkans, History of the Balkans - Consequences of World War II, History of the Balkans - Balkans during the Cold War, History of the Balkans - Post-Communism, History of the Balkans - Current state and perspectives

Read more here: » History of the Balkans: Encyclopedia II - History of the Balkans - Middle Ages and the Early Modern period

philological: Encyclopedia II - History of the Balkans - The Balkans in modern times

History of the Balkans - World War I in the Balkans. World War I (then known as the Great War) started when a Serb man called Gavrilo Princip assassinated the heir to the Austrian throne, Franz Ferdinand. Princip was a member of a Serbian militant group called the Young Bosnia. Following the assassination, Austria-Hungary sent Serbia an ultimatum in July 1914, which Serbia mostly followed but it was made so that Serbia could never really accep ...

See also:

History of the Balkans, History of the Balkans - Early history, History of the Balkans - Chalcolithic civilization, History of the Balkans - Hallstatt, History of the Balkans - Indo-Europeanization, History of the Balkans - Classical antiquity, History of the Balkans - Odrysian empire, History of the Balkans - Dacian kingdom, History of the Balkans - Greek city-states and their colonies, History of the Balkans - Empire of Macedon, History of the Balkans - Illyrian kingdoms, History of the Balkans - The Roman conquests, History of the Balkans - Christianity during the Daco-Roman era, History of the Balkans - The Dark Ages and the Great Migrations, History of the Balkans - Nomadic peoples, History of the Balkans - Slavs, History of the Balkans - Magyars, History of the Balkans - Bulgars and Bulgarians, History of the Balkans - Vlachs Romanians Aromanians Morlachs Istro-Romanians, History of the Balkans - Balkan linguistic union, History of the Balkans - Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, History of the Balkans - Genoa colonies in lower Danube, History of the Balkans - Fourth Crusade in the Balkans, History of the Balkans - Battle of Nicopolis, History of the Balkans - Eastern Roman Empire, History of the Balkans - Ottoman Empire, History of the Balkans - East-West Schism, History of the Balkans - Habsburg Empire, History of the Balkans - Rise of Independence, History of the Balkans - 1804 First Serbian Uprising and 1815 Second Serbian Uprising, History of the Balkans - 1821 revolt in Greece and Romania, History of the Balkans - 1829 Adrianople peace, History of the Balkans - 1831 Bosnian Rebellion, History of the Balkans - 1848 Revolution, History of the Balkans - Russian defeat in Crimea: the Balkan implications, History of the Balkans - Desire of Independence, History of the Balkans - April uprising, History of the Balkans - 1877 War, History of the Balkans - Secularisation in Balkans, History of the Balkans - Orthodoxy, History of the Balkans - The Pig War, History of the Balkans - Balkan Wars, History of the Balkans - First Balkan War, History of the Balkans - Second Balkan War, History of the Balkans - The Balkans in modern times, History of the Balkans - World War I in the Balkans, History of the Balkans - Consequences of World War I, History of the Balkans - World War II in Balkans, History of the Balkans - Consequences of World War II, History of the Balkans - Balkans during the Cold War, History of the Balkans - Post-Communism, History of the Balkans - Current state and perspectives

Read more here: » History of the Balkans: Encyclopedia II - History of the Balkans - The Balkans in modern times

philological: Encyclopedia II - History of the Balkans - Balkan Wars

Main article: Balkan Wars History of the Balkans - First Balkan War. Main article: First Balkan War For more info please use the main article; October 8, 1912 the First Balkan War began when Montenegro declared war against Ottoman Empire - pre-empting a warning from Russia and Austria-Hungary. Among other battles, the Greek army defeated the Ottoman Empire in the Central Macedonia Battle of Giannitsa, October 19th. The Bulgarian 2nd army , comanded by General Vladimir Vazo ...

See also:

History of the Balkans, History of the Balkans - Early history, History of the Balkans - Chalcolithic civilization, History of the Balkans - Hallstatt, History of the Balkans - Indo-Europeanization, History of the Balkans - Classical antiquity, History of the Balkans - Odrysian empire, History of the Balkans - Dacian kingdom, History of the Balkans - Greek city-states and their colonies, History of the Balkans - Empire of Macedon, History of the Balkans - Illyrian kingdoms, History of the Balkans - The Roman conquests, History of the Balkans - Christianity during the Daco-Roman era, History of the Balkans - The Dark Ages and the Great Migrations, History of the Balkans - Nomadic peoples, History of the Balkans - Slavs, History of the Balkans - Magyars, History of the Balkans - Bulgars and Bulgarians, History of the Balkans - Vlachs Romanians Aromanians Morlachs Istro-Romanians, History of the Balkans - Balkan linguistic union, History of the Balkans - Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, History of the Balkans - Genoa colonies in lower Danube, History of the Balkans - Fourth Crusade in the Balkans, History of the Balkans - Battle of Nicopolis, History of the Balkans - Eastern Roman Empire, History of the Balkans - Ottoman Empire, History of the Balkans - East-West Schism, History of the Balkans - Habsburg Empire, History of the Balkans - Rise of Independence, History of the Balkans - 1804 First Serbian Uprising and 1815 Second Serbian Uprising, History of the Balkans - 1821 revolt in Greece and Romania, History of the Balkans - 1829 Adrianople peace, History of the Balkans - 1831 Bosnian Rebellion, History of the Balkans - 1848 Revolution, History of the Balkans - Russian defeat in Crimea: the Balkan implications, History of the Balkans - Desire of Independence, History of the Balkans - April uprising, History of the Balkans - 1877 War, History of the Balkans - Secularisation in Balkans, History of the Balkans - Orthodoxy, History of the Balkans - The Pig War, History of the Balkans - Balkan Wars, History of the Balkans - First Balkan War, History of the Balkans - Second Balkan War, History of the Balkans - The Balkans in modern times, History of the Balkans - World War I in the Balkans, History of the Balkans - Consequences of World War I, History of the Balkans - World War II in Balkans, History of the Balkans - Consequences of World War II, History of the Balkans - Balkans during the Cold War, History of the Balkans - Post-Communism, History of the Balkans - Current state and perspectives

Read more here: » History of the Balkans: Encyclopedia II - History of the Balkans - Balkan Wars

philological: Encyclopedia II - History of the Balkans - The Pig War

Main Article: Bosnian crisis The means adopted by the governments of Vienna and Budapest to nullify the plans of Serbian expansion were generally to maintain the political emiettement of the Serb race, the isolation of one group from another, the virtually enforced emigration of Slavs on a large scale and their substitution by German colonists, and the encouragement of rivalry and discord between Roman Catholic Croat and Orthodox Serb. No railways were allowed to be built in Dalmatia, communication between Agram (Zagreb) ...

See also:

History of the Balkans, History of the Balkans - Early history, History of the Balkans - Chalcolithic civilization, History of the Balkans - Hallstatt, History of the Balkans - Indo-Europeanization, History of the Balkans - Classical antiquity, History of the Balkans - Odrysian empire, History of the Balkans - Dacian kingdom, History of the Balkans - Greek city-states and their colonies, History of the Balkans - Empire of Macedon, History of the Balkans - Illyrian kingdoms, History of the Balkans - The Roman conquests, History of the Balkans - Christianity during the Daco-Roman era, History of the Balkans - The Dark Ages and the Great Migrations, History of the Balkans - Nomadic peoples, History of the Balkans - Slavs, History of the Balkans - Magyars, History of the Balkans - Bulgars and Bulgarians, History of the Balkans - Vlachs Romanians Aromanians Morlachs Istro-Romanians, History of the Balkans - Balkan linguistic union, History of the Balkans - Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, History of the Balkans - Genoa colonies in lower Danube, History of the Balkans - Fourth Crusade in the Balkans, History of the Balkans - Battle of Nicopolis, History of the Balkans - Eastern Roman Empire, History of the Balkans - Ottoman Empire, History of the Balkans - East-West Schism, History of the Balkans - Habsburg Empire, History of the Balkans - Rise of Independence, History of the Balkans - 1804 First Serbian Uprising and 1815 Second Serbian Uprising, History of the Balkans - 1821 revolt in Greece and Romania, History of the Balkans - 1829 Adrianople peace, History of the Balkans - 1831 Bosnian Rebellion, History of the Balkans - 1848 Revolution, History of the Balkans - Russian defeat in Crimea: the Balkan implications, History of the Balkans - Desire of Independence, History of the Balkans - April uprising, History of the Balkans - 1877 War, History of the Balkans - Secularisation in Balkans, History of the Balkans - Orthodoxy, History of the Balkans - The Pig War, History of the Balkans - Balkan Wars, History of the Balkans - First Balkan War, History of the Balkans - Second Balkan War, History of the Balkans - The Balkans in modern times, History of the Balkans - World War I in the Balkans, History of the Balkans - Consequences of World War I, History of the Balkans - World War II in Balkans, History of the Balkans - Consequences of World War II, History of the Balkans - Balkans during the Cold War, History of the Balkans - Post-Communism, History of the Balkans - Current state and perspectives

Read more here: » History of the Balkans: Encyclopedia II - History of the Balkans - The Pig War

philological: Encyclopedia II - History of the Balkans - Rise of Independence

The Ottoman (Turkish) Empire was losing influence, status and territory throughout the 19th century, known as the 'sick man of Europe'; and the future division of the Ottoman empire was proving a source of great friction between the 'Great Powers'. It was a multi-national empire and the subject peoples of this Empire did not want their fate to be decided by other world powers as the Ottoman dynasty collapsed. Towards the end of the 19th century Serbs, Bulgarians, Romanians and Magyars began to demand the right to set up their own independent states ...

See also:

History of the Balkans, History of the Balkans - Early history, History of the Balkans - Chalcolithic civilization, History of the Balkans - Hallstatt, History of the Balkans - Indo-Europeanization, History of the Balkans - Classical antiquity, History of the Balkans - Odrysian empire, History of the Balkans - Dacian kingdom, History of the Balkans - Greek city-states and their colonies, History of the Balkans - Empire of Macedon, History of the Balkans - Illyrian kingdoms, History of the Balkans - The Roman conquests, History of the Balkans - Christianity during the Daco-Roman era, History of the Balkans - The Dark Ages and the Great Migrations, History of the Balkans - Nomadic peoples, History of the Balkans - Slavs, History of the Balkans - Magyars, History of the Balkans - Bulgars and Bulgarians, History of the Balkans - Vlachs Romanians Aromanians Morlachs Istro-Romanians, History of the Balkans - Balkan linguistic union, History of the Balkans - Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, History of the Balkans - Genoa colonies in lower Danube, History of the Balkans - Fourth Crusade in the Balkans, History of the Balkans - Battle of Nicopolis, History of the Balkans - Eastern Roman Empire, History of the Balkans - Ottoman Empire, History of the Balkans - East-West Schism, History of the Balkans - Habsburg Empire, History of the Balkans - Rise of Independence, History of the Balkans - 1804 First Serbian Uprising and 1815 Second Serbian Uprising, History of the Balkans - 1821 revolt in Greece and Romania, History of the Balkans - 1829 Adrianople peace, History of the Balkans - 1831 Bosnian Rebellion, History of the Balkans - 1848 Revolution, History of the Balkans - Russian defeat in Crimea: the Balkan implications, History of the Balkans - Desire of Independence, History of the Balkans - April uprising, History of the Balkans - 1877 War, History of the Balkans - Secularisation in Balkans, History of the Balkans - Orthodoxy, History of the Balkans - The Pig War, History of the Balkans - Balkan Wars, History of the Balkans - First Balkan War, History of the Balkans - Second Balkan War, History of the Balkans - The Balkans in modern times, History of the Balkans - World War I in the Balkans, History of the Balkans - Consequences of World War I, History of the Balkans - World War II in Balkans, History of the Balkans - Consequences of World War II, History of the Balkans - Balkans during the Cold War, History of the Balkans - Post-Communism, History of the Balkans - Current state and perspectives

Read more here: » History of the Balkans: Encyclopedia II - History of the Balkans - Rise of Independence

philological: Encyclopedia II - Medieval Croatian state - Migration of the Croats

No contemporary written records about the migration have been preserved, especially not about the events as a whole and from the area itself. Instead, historians rely on records written several centuries after the facts, and even those records may be based on oral tradition. The most commonly accepted facts about the origin of the Croats are that they originate from Slavic tribes that lived in and around today's Poland or western Ukraine. Many modern scholars believe that the early Croat people, as well as the Serb people and other ea ...

See also:

Medieval Croatian state, Medieval Croatian state - Migration of the Croats, Medieval Croatian state - Christianity, Medieval Croatian state - Rise of Croatia, Medieval Croatian state - Kingdom

Read more here: » Medieval Croatian state: Encyclopedia II - Medieval Croatian state - Migration of the Croats

philological: Encyclopedia II - John Cleland - Fanny Hill and homosexuality

Cleland's account of when Fanny Hill was written is somewhat difficult. For one thing, the novel has allusions to other novels that were written and published the same year (including Shamela). Further, it takes part in the general Henry Fielding/Samuel Richardson battle (with Pamela: or, Virtue Rewarded on one side and Joseph Andrews on the other). Furthermore, the novel's geography and topicality make a Bombay composition less likely than a Fleet Prison one. It is possible, of course, that a pornographic novel without vulgarity was written by Cleland in Bombay and then rewritten in ...

See also:

John Cleland, John Cleland - Publication of Fanny Hill, John Cleland - Later writing, John Cleland - Later life, John Cleland - Fanny Hill and homosexuality, John Cleland - Bibliography

Read more here: » John Cleland: Encyclopedia II - John Cleland - Fanny Hill and homosexuality

philological: Encyclopedia II - History of the Balkans - Current state and perspectives

Since 2000, all Balkan countries are friendly towards the EU and the USA. Greece has been a member of the European Union since 1981. Slovenia and Cyprus since 2004. Bulgaria and Romania are set to become members in 2007. Croatia is also expected to become part of these organizations, however due to lack of cooperation with the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) in a manhunt for fugitive general Ante Gotovina, in March 2005 its entrance has been postponed. Turkey initially applied in 1963 and as of 2004 ac ...

See also:

History of the Balkans, History of the Balkans - Early history, History of the Balkans - Chalcolithic civilization, History of the Balkans - Hallstatt, History of the Balkans - Indo-Europeanization, History of the Balkans - Classical antiquity, History of the Balkans - Odrysian empire, History of the Balkans - Dacian kingdom, History of the Balkans - Greek city-states and their colonies, History of the Balkans - Empire of Macedon, History of the Balkans - Illyrian kingdoms, History of the Balkans - The Roman conquests, History of the Balkans - Christianity during the Daco-Roman era, History of the Balkans - The Dark Ages and the Great Migrations, History of the Balkans - Nomadic peoples, History of the Balkans - Slavs, History of the Balkans - Magyars, History of the Balkans - Bulgars and Bulgarians, History of the Balkans - Vlachs Romanians Aromanians Morlachs Istro-Romanians, History of the Balkans - Balkan linguistic union, History of the Balkans - Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, History of the Balkans - Genoa colonies in lower Danube, History of the Balkans - Fourth Crusade in the Balkans, History of the Balkans - Battle of Nicopolis, History of the Balkans - Eastern Roman Empire, History of the Balkans - Ottoman Empire, History of the Balkans - East-West Schism, History of the Balkans - Habsburg Empire, History of the Balkans - Rise of Independence, History of the Balkans - 1804 First Serbian Uprising and 1815 Second Serbian Uprising, History of the Balkans - 1821 revolt in Greece and Romania, History of the Balkans - 1829 Adrianople peace, History of the Balkans - 1831 Bosnian Rebellion, History of the Balkans - 1848 Revolution, History of the Balkans - Russian defeat in Crimea: the Balkan implications, History of the Balkans - Desire of Independence, History of the Balkans - April uprising, History of the Balkans - 1877 War, History of the Balkans - Secularisation in Balkans, History of the Balkans - Orthodoxy, History of the Balkans - The Pig War, History of the Balkans - Balkan Wars, History of the Balkans - First Balkan War, History of the Balkans - Second Balkan War, History of the Balkans - The Balkans in modern times, History of the Balkans - World War I in the Balkans, History of the Balkans - Consequences of World War I, History of the Balkans - World War II in Balkans, History of the Balkans - Consequences of World War II, History of the Balkans - Balkans during the Cold War, History of the Balkans - Post-Communism, History of the Balkans - Current state and perspectives

Read more here: » History of the Balkans: Encyclopedia II - History of the Balkans - Current state and perspectives

philological: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Spain - Official persecution and massacres 1300-1391

In the beginning of the fourteenth century the position of Jews became precarious throughout Spain as anti-semitism increased many Jews emigrated from Castile and from Aragon. It was not until the reigns of Alfonso IV. and Pedro IV. of Aragon, and of the young and active Alfonso XI. of Castile (1325), that an improvement set in. Pedro I., the son and successor of Alfonso XI. , was favorably disposed toward the Jews, who under him reached the zenith of their influence. For this reason the king was called "the heretic"; he was often called "th ...

See also:

History of the Jews in Spain, History of the Jews in Spain - Early History Before 300 CE, History of the Jews in Spain - Under the Visigoths 5th Century-711, History of the Jews in Spain - Moorish Spain and the Golden Age 711-12th Century, History of the Jews in Spain - Christian Spain 974-1300, History of the Jews in Spain - Early Rule 974-1085, History of the Jews in Spain - Toleration and Jewish immigration 1085-1212, History of the Jews in Spain - Turning point 1212-1300, History of the Jews in Spain - The Jewish community in 1300, History of the Jews in Spain - Official persecution and massacres 1300-1391, History of the Jews in Spain - Massacres of 1366., History of the Jews in Spain - Anti-Jewish Enactments, History of the Jews in Spain - The Massacre of 1391, History of the Jews in Spain - Forced Conversions and the New Christians 1391-1492, History of the Jews in Spain - Forced conversions, History of the Jews in Spain - Hatred of the New Christians, History of the Jews in Spain - Edict of Expulsion, History of the Jews in Spain - Number of the Exiles, History of the Jews in Spain - Marranos 1492-1858, History of the Jews in Spain - Modern times 1858-, History of the Jews in Spain - Spain and Israel, History of the Jews in Spain - Modern Jewish community, History of the Jews in Spain - External link

Read more here: » History of the Jews in Spain: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Spain - Official persecution and massacres 1300-1391

philological: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Spain - Christian Spain 974-1300

History of the Jews in Spain - Early Rule 974-1085. Christian princes, the counts of Castile and the first kings of Leon, treated the Jews as mercilessly as did the Almohades. In their operations against the Moors they did not spare the Jews, destroying their synagogues and killing their teachers and scholars. Only gradually did the rulers come to realize that, surrounded as they were by powerful enemies, they could not afford to turn the Jews against them. Garcia Fernandez, Count of Castile, in the fuero of Cast ...

See also:

History of the Jews in Spain, History of the Jews in Spain - Early History Before 300 CE, History of the Jews in Spain - Under the Visigoths 5th Century-711, History of the Jews in Spain - Moorish Spain and the Golden Age 711-12th Century, History of the Jews in Spain - Christian Spain 974-1300, History of the Jews in Spain - Early Rule 974-1085, History of the Jews in Spain - Toleration and Jewish immigration 1085-1212, History of the Jews in Spain - Turning point 1212-1300, History of the Jews in Spain - The Jewish community in 1300, History of the Jews in Spain - Official persecution and massacres 1300-1391, History of the Jews in Spain - Massacres of 1366., History of the Jews in Spain - Anti-Jewish Enactments, History of the Jews in Spain - The Massacre of 1391, History of the Jews in Spain - Forced Conversions and the New Christians 1391-1492, History of the Jews in Spain - Forced conversions, History of the Jews in Spain - Hatred of the New Christians, History of the Jews in Spain - Edict of Expulsion, History of the Jews in Spain - Number of the Exiles, History of the Jews in Spain - Marranos 1492-1858, History of the Jews in Spain - Modern times 1858-, History of the Jews in Spain - Spain and Israel, History of the Jews in Spain - Modern Jewish community, History of the Jews in Spain - External link

Read more here: » History of the Jews in Spain: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Spain - Christian Spain 974-1300

philological: Encyclopedia II - History of the Balkans - Middle Ages and the Early Modern period

The Balkans was a confluence of great powers, a buffer between occident and orient. Various wars, rebellions, invasions, and disputes between different ethnic groups were supported by at least one great power, with at least one other great power opposed. History of the Balkans - Genoa colonies in lower Danube. Its name derived from Saint Giorgio. It was first mentioned in Codex Latinus Parisinus, in 1395 during the Mircea cel Batran and was ...

See also:

History of the Balkans, History of the Balkans - Early history, History of the Balkans - Chalcolithic cultures, History of the Balkans - Hallstatt, History of the Balkans - Indo-Europeanization, History of the Balkans - Classical antiquity, History of the Balkans - Odrysian empire, History of the Balkans - Dacian kingdom, History of the Balkans - Greek city-states and their colonies, History of the Balkans - Empire of Macedon, History of the Balkans - Illyrian kingdoms, History of the Balkans - The Roman conquests, History of the Balkans - Christianity during the Daco-Roman era, History of the Balkans - The Dark Ages and the Great Migrations, History of the Balkans - Nomadic peoples, History of the Balkans - Slavs, History of the Balkans - Magyars, History of the Balkans - Bulgars and Bulgarians, History of the Balkans - Vlachs Romanians Aromanians Morlachs Istro-Romanians, History of the Balkans - Balkan linguistic union, History of the Balkans - Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, History of the Balkans - Genoa colonies in lower Danube, History of the Balkans - Fourth Crusade in the Balkans, History of the Balkans - Battle of Nicopolis, History of the Balkans - Eastern Roman Empire, History of the Balkans - Ottoman Empire, History of the Balkans - East-West Schism, History of the Balkans - Habsburg Empire, History of the Balkans - Rise of Independence, History of the Balkans - 1804 First Serbian Uprising and 1815 Second Serbian Uprising, History of the Balkans - 1821 revolt in Greece and Romania, History of the Balkans - 1829 Adrianople peace, History of the Balkans - 1831 Bosnian Rebellion, History of the Balkans - 1848 Revolution, History of the Balkans - Russian defeat in Crimea: the Balkan implications, History of the Balkans - Desire of Independence, History of the Balkans - April uprising, History of the Balkans - 1877 War, History of the Balkans - Secularisation in Balkans, History of the Balkans - Orthodoxy, History of the Balkans - The Pig War, History of the Balkans - Balkan Wars, History of the Balkans - First Balkan War, History of the Balkans - Second Balkan War, History of the Balkans - The Balkans in modern times, History of the Balkans - World War I in the Balkans, History of the Balkans - Consequences of World War I, History of the Balkans - World War II in Balkans, History of the Balkans - Consequences of World War II, History of the Balkans - Balkans during the Cold War, History of the Balkans - Post-Communism, History of the Balkans - Current state and perspectives

Read more here: » History of the Balkans: Encyclopedia II - History of the Balkans - Middle Ages and the Early Modern period

philological: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Spain - Edict of Expulsion

Several months after the fall of Granada an Edict of Expulsion was issued against the Jews of Spain by Ferdinand and Isabella (March 31, 1492). It ordered all Jews of whatever age to leave the kingdom by the last day of July (Tisha B'Av)), but permitted them to remove their property provided it was not in gold, silver, or money. The reason alleged for this action in the preamble of the edict was the relapse of so many "conversos," owing to the proximity of unconverted Jews who seduced them from Christianity and kept alive in them the knowled ...

See also:

History of the Jews in Spain, History of the Jews in Spain - Early History Before 300 CE, History of the Jews in Spain - Under the Visigoths 5th Century-711, History of the Jews in Spain - Moorish Spain and the Golden Age 711-12th Century, History of the Jews in Spain - Christian Spain 974-1300, History of the Jews in Spain - Early Rule 974-1085, History of the Jews in Spain - Toleration and Jewish immigration 1085-1212, History of the Jews in Spain - Turning point 1212-1300, History of the Jews in Spain - The Jewish community in 1300, History of the Jews in Spain - Official persecution and massacres 1300-1391, History of the Jews in Spain - Massacres of 1366., History of the Jews in Spain - Anti-Jewish Enactments, History of the Jews in Spain - The Massacre of 1391, History of the Jews in Spain - Forced Conversions and the New Christians 1391-1492, History of the Jews in Spain - Forced conversions, History of the Jews in Spain - Hatred of the New Christians, History of the Jews in Spain - Edict of Expulsion, History of the Jews in Spain - Number of the Exiles, History of the Jews in Spain - Marranos 1492-1858, History of the Jews in Spain - Modern times 1858-, History of the Jews in Spain - Spain and Israel, History of the Jews in Spain - Modern Jewish community, History of the Jews in Spain - External link

Read more here: » History of the Jews in Spain: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Spain - Edict of Expulsion

philological: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Spain - Marranos 1492-1858

The history of the Jews henceforth in Spain is that of the Maranos, whose numbers, as has been shown, had been increased by no less than 50,000 during the period of expulsion. As Spain got possession of the New World, the Maranos attempted to find a refuge from the Inquisition in both the East and the West Indies, where they often came in contact with relatives who had remained true to their faith, or had become reconverted in Holland or elsewhere. These formed business alliances with their relatives remaining in Spain, so that a large porti ...

See also:

History of the Jews in Spain, History of the Jews in Spain - Early History Before 300 CE, History of the Jews in Spain - Under the Visigoths 5th Century-711, History of the Jews in Spain - Moorish Spain and the Golden Age 711-12th Century, History of the Jews in Spain - Christian Spain 974-1300, History of the Jews in Spain - Early Rule 974-1085, History of the Jews in Spain - Toleration and Jewish immigration 1085-1212, History of the Jews in Spain - Turning point 1212-1300, History of the Jews in Spain - The Jewish community in 1300, History of the Jews in Spain - Official persecution and massacres 1300-1391, History of the Jews in Spain - Massacres of 1366., History of the Jews in Spain - Anti-Jewish Enactments, History of the Jews in Spain - The Massacre of 1391, History of the Jews in Spain - Forced Conversions and the New Christians 1391-1492, History of the Jews in Spain - Forced conversions, History of the Jews in Spain - Hatred of the New Christians, History of the Jews in Spain - Edict of Expulsion, History of the Jews in Spain - Number of the Exiles, History of the Jews in Spain - Marranos 1492-1858, History of the Jews in Spain - Modern times 1858-, History of the Jews in Spain - Spain and Israel, History of the Jews in Spain - Modern Jewish community, History of the Jews in Spain - External link

Read more here: » History of the Jews in Spain: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Spain - Marranos 1492-1858

philological: Encyclopedia II - John Cleland - Later life

None of Cleland's literary works provided him with a comfortable living, and he was typically bitter about this. He publically denounced his mother before her death in 1763 for not supporting him. Additionally, he exhibited a religious tendency toward Deism that branded him as a heretic. He also accused Laurence Sterne of "pornography" for Tristram Shandy. In 1772, he told Boswell that he had written Fanny Hill while in Bombay, that he had written it on a dare, to show a friend of his that it was possible to write about ...

See also:

John Cleland, John Cleland - Publication of Fanny Hill, John Cleland - Later writing, John Cleland - Later life, John Cleland - Fanny Hill and homosexuality, John Cleland - Bibliography

Read more here: » John Cleland: Encyclopedia II - John Cleland - Later life

philological: Encyclopedia II - History of the Balkans - Classical antiquity

History of the Balkans - Odrysian empire. Main article: Odrysian empire The Odrysian empire was a union of Thracian tribes that was probably the first state to encompass a large part of the Balkans. It endured between the 5th century BC and the 3rd century BC. History of the Balkans - Dacian kingdom. Main article: Dacia A kingdom of Dacia was in existence at least as e ...

See also:

History of the Balkans, History of the Balkans - Early history, History of the Balkans - Chalcolithic cultures, History of the Balkans - Hallstatt, History of the Balkans - Indo-Europeanization, History of the Balkans - Classical antiquity, History of the Balkans - Odrysian empire, History of the Balkans - Dacian kingdom, History of the Balkans - Greek city-states and their colonies, History of the Balkans - Empire of Macedon, History of the Balkans - Illyrian kingdoms, History of the Balkans - The Roman conquests, History of the Balkans - Christianity during the Daco-Roman era, History of the Balkans - The Dark Ages and the Great Migrations, History of the Balkans - Nomadic peoples, History of the Balkans - Slavs, History of the Balkans - Magyars, History of the Balkans - Bulgars and Bulgarians, History of the Balkans - Vlachs Romanians Aromanians Morlachs Istro-Romanians, History of the Balkans - Balkan linguistic union, History of the Balkans - Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, History of the Balkans - Genoa colonies in lower Danube, History of the Balkans - Fourth Crusade in the Balkans, History of the Balkans - Battle of Nicopolis, History of the Balkans - Eastern Roman Empire, History of the Balkans - Ottoman Empire, History of the Balkans - East-West Schism, History of the Balkans - Habsburg Empire, History of the Balkans - Rise of Independence, History of the Balkans - 1804 First Serbian Uprising and 1815 Second Serbian Uprising, History of the Balkans - 1821 revolt in Greece and Romania, History of the Balkans - 1829 Adrianople peace, History of the Balkans - 1831 Bosnian Rebellion, History of the Balkans - 1848 Revolution, History of the Balkans - Russian defeat in Crimea: the Balkan implications, History of the Balkans - Desire of Independence, History of the Balkans - April uprising, History of the Balkans - 1877 War, History of the Balkans - Secularisation in Balkans, History of the Balkans - Orthodoxy, History of the Balkans - The Pig War, History of the Balkans - Balkan Wars, History of the Balkans - First Balkan War, History of the Balkans - Second Balkan War, History of the Balkans - The Balkans in modern times, History of the Balkans - World War I in the Balkans, History of the Balkans - Consequences of World War I, History of the Balkans - World War II in Balkans, History of the Balkans - Consequences of World War II, History of the Balkans - Balkans during the Cold War, History of the Balkans - Post-Communism, History of the Balkans - Current state and perspectives

Read more here: » History of the Balkans: Encyclopedia II - History of the Balkans - Classical antiquity

philological: Encyclopedia II - John Cleland - Publication of Fanny Hill

John Cleland began courting the Portuguese to found a Portuguese East India Company, but he never got a commitment from them. In 1748, Cleland was arrested for an 840 pound debt and put in Fleet Prison, where he remained for over a year. It was while in prison that Cleland wrote and had published Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure, which was published in two installments, in November of 1748 and Febr ...

See also:

John Cleland, John Cleland - Publication of Fanny Hill, John Cleland - Later writing, John Cleland - Later life, John Cleland - Fanny Hill and homosexuality, John Cleland - Bibliography

Read more here: » John Cleland: Encyclopedia II - John Cleland - Publication of Fanny Hill

philological: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Spain - Modern times 1858-

When Spain got a new Constitution in 1868, Jews once again were permitted to tread once more upon Spanish soil, but the edict of expulsion was not repealed until 1968. Small numbers of Jews started to arrive in Spain in the 19th century, and synagogues were opened in Madrid and Barcelona. The Jews of Morocco, where the initial welcome had turned to oppression as centuries passed by, had welcomed the Spanish troops conquering Spanish Morocco as their liberators. Spanish historians started to interest about the Sephardi and their Spanish dialect. The government of Miguel Pri ...

See also:

History of the Jews in Spain, History of the Jews in Spain - Early History Before 300 CE, History of the Jews in Spain - Under the Visigoths 5th Century-711, History of the Jews in Spain - Moorish Spain and the Golden Age 711-12th Century, History of the Jews in Spain - Christian Spain 974-1300, History of the Jews in Spain - Early Rule 974-1085, History of the Jews in Spain - Toleration and Jewish immigration 1085-1212, History of the Jews in Spain - Turning point 1212-1300, History of the Jews in Spain - The Jewish community in 1300, History of the Jews in Spain - Official persecution and massacres 1300-1391, History of the Jews in Spain - Massacres of 1366., History of the Jews in Spain - Anti-Jewish Enactments, History of the Jews in Spain - The Massacre of 1391, History of the Jews in Spain - Forced Conversions and the New Christians 1391-1492, History of the Jews in Spain - Forced conversions, History of the Jews in Spain - Hatred of the New Christians, History of the Jews in Spain - Edict of Expulsion, History of the Jews in Spain - Number of the Exiles, History of the Jews in Spain - Marranos 1492-1858, History of the Jews in Spain - Modern times 1858-, History of the Jews in Spain - Spain and Israel, History of the Jews in Spain - Modern Jewish community, History of the Jews in Spain - External link

Read more here: » History of the Jews in Spain: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Spain - Modern times 1858-

philological: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Spain - Under the Visigoths 5th Century-711

Barbaric invasions brought most of the Iberian Peninsula under Visigothic rule by the early fifth century. Other than in their contempt for Catholics, who reminded them of the Romans, the Visigoths did not generally take much of an interest in the religious creeds within their kingdom. It wasn't until 506, when Alaric II (484-507) published his Brevarium Alaricianum (wherein he adopted the ...

See also:

History of the Jews in Spain, History of the Jews in Spain - Early History Before 300 CE, History of the Jews in Spain - Under the Visigoths 5th Century-711, History of the Jews in Spain - Moorish Spain and the Golden Age 711-12th Century, History of the Jews in Spain - Christian Spain 974-1300, History of the Jews in Spain - Early Rule 974-1085, History of the Jews in Spain - Toleration and Jewish immigration 1085-1212, History of the Jews in Spain - Turning point 1212-1300, History of the Jews in Spain - The Jewish community in 1300, History of the Jews in Spain - Official persecution and massacres 1300-1391, History of the Jews in Spain - Massacres of 1366., History of the Jews in Spain - Anti-Jewish Enactments, History of the Jews in Spain - The Massacre of 1391, History of the Jews in Spain - Forced Conversions and the New Christians 1391-1492, History of the Jews in Spain - Forced conversions, History of the Jews in Spain - Hatred of the New Christians, History of the Jews in Spain - Edict of Expulsion, History of the Jews in Spain - Number of the Exiles, History of the Jews in Spain - Marranos 1492-1858, History of the Jews in Spain - Modern times 1858-, History of the Jews in Spain - Spain and Israel, History of the Jews in Spain - Modern Jewish community, History of the Jews in Spain - External link

Read more here: » History of the Jews in Spain: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Spain - Under the Visigoths 5th Century-711

philological: Encyclopedia II - Naskh exegesis - Literature

The following is a list of classical examples of the naskh genre: Abū 'Ubaid al-Qāsim b. Sallām (d. 838), Kitāb al-nāsikh wal-mansūkh (Book of the Abrogating and Abrogated [Verses]) al-Nahhās (d. 949), Kitāb al-nāsikh wal-mansūkh Hibat Allāh (d. 1019), Kitāb al-nāsikh wal-mansūkh al-Baghādī (d. 1037), al-Nāsikh wal-mansūkh Makkī b. Abū Tālib al-Qaisī (d. 1045) al-Īdāh li-nāsikh al-Qur'ān wa-mansūkhihi Ibn A ...

See also:

Naskh exegesis, Naskh exegesis - Theory, Naskh exegesis - Between sources, Naskh exegesis - Modes, Naskh exegesis - In the Canon, Naskh exegesis - Evolution, Naskh exegesis - Theology, Naskh exegesis - Literature, Naskh exegesis - Instances, Naskh exegesis - See Also

Read more here: » Naskh exegesis: Encyclopedia II - Naskh exegesis - Literature

philological: Encyclopedia II - Sefer Yetzirah - Date

The essential elements of the book are characteristic of the third or fourth century; for a work of this nature, composed in the geonic period, before the Jews had become acquainted with Arabic and Greek learning, could have been cast only in the form of Jewish gnosis, which remained stationary after the fourth century, if indeed it had not already become extinct. The date and origin of the book can not be definitely determined so long as there is no critical text of it. The editio princeps (Mantua, 1562) contains two recensions, whic ...

See also:

Sefer Yetzirah, Sefer Yetzirah - Origin, Sefer Yetzirah - Influence, Sefer Yetzirah - The phonetic system, Sefer Yetzirah - Cosmogony, Sefer Yetzirah - The Creation, Sefer Yetzirah - Theories of contrast in nature, Sefer Yetzirah - Gnostic elements, Sefer Yetzirah - Date, Sefer Yetzirah - Thelmetic Interpretations, Sefer Yetzirah - Foot notes

Read more here: » Sefer Yetzirah: Encyclopedia II - Sefer Yetzirah - Date

philological: Encyclopedia II - Hermeneutics - Medieval hermeneutics

Medieval interpretations of text incorporated exegesis in a fourfold mode that emphasized the distinction between the letter and the spirit of the text. This handy scheme of various ways of interpreting the text was handed down from Patristic programs of Late Antiquity. The literal sense (sensus historicus) of Scripture denotes what the text states or reports directly. The allegorical sense (sensus allegoricus) explains the text with regard to the doctrinal content of church dogma, as a manifestation in which each literal eleme ...

See also:

Hermeneutics, Hermeneutics - Etymology, Hermeneutics - Biblical hermeneutics, Hermeneutics - Medieval hermeneutics, Hermeneutics - Renaissance hermeneutics, Hermeneutics - Hermeneutic traditions, Hermeneutics - Hermeneutics in Law, Hermeneutics - Hermeneutics in Sociology, Hermeneutics - Hermeneutics of Schleiermacher and Dilthey, Hermeneutics - Hermeneutics since Dilthey, Hermeneutics - Misuse

Read more here: » Hermeneutics: Encyclopedia II - Hermeneutics - Medieval hermeneutics

philological: Encyclopedia II - Sefer Yetzirah - Gnostic elements

Far more important is the similarity of the Sefer Yetzirah to various Gnostic systems, to which Grätz has called special attention. As the Sefer Yetzirah divides the Hebrew alphabet into three groups, so the Gnostic Marcus divided the Greek letters into three classes, regarded by him as the symbolic emanations of the three powers which include the whole number of the upper elements. Both systems attach great importance to the power of the combinations and permutations of the letters in explaining the genesis and development of ...

See also:

Sefer Yetzirah, Sefer Yetzirah - Origin, Sefer Yetzirah - Influence, Sefer Yetzirah - The phonetic system, Sefer Yetzirah - Cosmogony, Sefer Yetzirah - The Creation, Sefer Yetzirah - Theories of contrast in nature, Sefer Yetzirah - Gnostic elements, Sefer Yetzirah - Date, Sefer Yetzirah - Thelmetic Interpretations, Sefer Yetzirah - Foot notes

Read more here: » Sefer Yetzirah: Encyclopedia II - Sefer Yetzirah - Gnostic elements




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