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philological | A Wisdom Archive on philological | | philological A selection of articles related to philological | |
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philological
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO philological | | | | |  philological: Encyclopedia II - Book collecting - History of Anglo-European book collectingWhenever a high degree of civilization has been attained, book-lovers have multiplied, and to the student with his modest desire to read his favorite author in a well-written or well-printed copy there has been added a class of owners suspected of caring more for the externals of books than for the enjoyment to be obtained by reading them. But although adumbrations of it existed under the Roman Empire and towards the end of the Middle Ages, book-collecting, as it is now understood, is essentially of modern growth. A glance through what must ...
See also:Book collecting, Book collecting - Purpose and value, Book collecting - History of Anglo-European book collecting, Book collecting - Cabinet theory of book collecting, Book collecting - Elements of book collecting, Book collecting - Bibliographies, Book collecting - Book qualities, Book collecting - Illustrations, Book collecting - Fine printings, Book collecting - Topics, Book collecting - Multiple editions, Book collecting - History of printing, Book collecting - Cost, Book collecting - Book condition, Book collecting - Prominent book collectors, Book collecting - Notes Read more here: » Book collecting: Encyclopedia II - Book collecting - History of Anglo-European book collecting |
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| | | | | | | philological: Encyclopedia II - Hermeneutics - Hermeneutic traditions Hermeneutics in the Western world, as a general science of text interpretation, can be traced back to two separate sources. One source was the ancient Greek rhetoricians' study of literature, which came to fruition in Hellenistic Alexandria. The other source has been the contemporary Midrash traditions of Biblical exegesis, that were contemporary with Hellenistic culture. Scholars in antiquity expected a text to be coherent, consistent in grammar, style and outlook, and they emended obscure or "decadent" readings to comply with their codified rules. By extending the perception of inherent logic of texts, Gre ...
See also:Hermeneutics, Hermeneutics - Etymology, Hermeneutics - Biblical hermeneutics, Hermeneutics - Medieval hermeneutics, Hermeneutics - Renaissance hermeneutics, Hermeneutics - Hermeneutic traditions, Hermeneutics - Hermeneutics in Law, Hermeneutics - Hermeneutics in Sociology, Hermeneutics - Hermeneutics of Schleiermacher and Dilthey, Hermeneutics - Hermeneutics since Dilthey, Hermeneutics - Misuse Read more here: » Hermeneutics: Encyclopedia II - Hermeneutics - Hermeneutic traditions |
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| | | | | | | philological: Encyclopedia II - Lazar Gulkowitsch - Life Born in Zirin (Minsk province), Belarus as the son of a merchant, he attended school in Baranavichy and then the famous yeshiva (Talmud college) in Mir. During World War I, the family fled to Nikolajew (Ukraine), where Gulkowitsch graduated from high school.
In 1918-1919, Gulkowitsch went to Virbālis in Lithuania, where he headed a Hebrew-speaking basic school and was part of the Rabbinate. He then took up studying Medicine at the University of Königsberg, Germany (now Kaliningrad, Russia), but also attended classes in Philos ...
See also:Lazar Gulkowitsch, Lazar Gulkowitsch - Life, Lazar Gulkowitsch - Work Read more here: » Lazar Gulkowitsch: Encyclopedia II - Lazar Gulkowitsch - Life |
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| | | | | philological: Encyclopedia II - Naskh exegesis - Theory Naskh employs the logic of chronology and progressive revelation. The different situations encountered over the course of Muhammad's more than two decade career as prophet, it is argued, required new rulings to meet the Muslim community's changing circumstances. Or, from a more theologically-inflected stand-point, the expiration points of those rulings God intended as temporary all along were reached. A classic example of this is the early community's increasingly militant posture towards its pagan and Jewish neighbors:
M ...
See also:Naskh exegesis, Naskh exegesis - Theory, Naskh exegesis - Between sources, Naskh exegesis - Modes, Naskh exegesis - In the Canon, Naskh exegesis - Evolution, Naskh exegesis - Theology, Naskh exegesis - Literature, Naskh exegesis - Instances, Naskh exegesis - See Also Read more here: » Naskh exegesis: Encyclopedia II - Naskh exegesis - Theory |
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| | | | | | | philological: Encyclopedia II - History of the Balkans - The Dark Ages and the Great Migrations
History of the Balkans - Nomadic peoples.
Western Huns empire stretched in 434 AD from Central Europe to the Black Sea and from the Danube river to the Baltic. The Hunnish-Bulgar association existed throughout the period between 377-453 AD - the time of the Hunnish hegemony in Central Europe.
Other transient incursions were made by Goths, Gepids, Onogur, Avars. At one point the Ostrogoths and the Visigoths were Christians, but Arians. Ulfilas was the apostle to the Goths and he translated the Bible from Gr ...
See also:History of the Balkans, History of the Balkans - Early history, History of the Balkans - Chalcolithic cultures, History of the Balkans - Hallstatt, History of the Balkans - Indo-Europeanization, History of the Balkans - Classical antiquity, History of the Balkans - Odrysian empire, History of the Balkans - Dacian kingdom, History of the Balkans - Greek city-states and their colonies, History of the Balkans - Empire of Macedon, History of the Balkans - Illyrian kingdoms, History of the Balkans - The Roman conquests, History of the Balkans - Christianity during the Daco-Roman era, History of the Balkans - The Dark Ages and the Great Migrations, History of the Balkans - Nomadic peoples, History of the Balkans - Slavs, History of the Balkans - Magyars, History of the Balkans - Bulgars and Bulgarians, History of the Balkans - Vlachs Romanians Aromanians Morlachs Istro-Romanians, History of the Balkans - Balkan linguistic union, History of the Balkans - Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, History of the Balkans - Genoa colonies in lower Danube, History of the Balkans - Fourth Crusade in the Balkans, History of the Balkans - Battle of Nicopolis, History of the Balkans - Eastern Roman Empire, History of the Balkans - Ottoman Empire, History of the Balkans - East-West Schism, History of the Balkans - Habsburg Empire, History of the Balkans - Rise of Independence, History of the Balkans - 1804 First Serbian Uprising and 1815 Second Serbian Uprising, History of the Balkans - 1821 revolt in Greece and Romania, History of the Balkans - 1829 Adrianople peace, History of the Balkans - 1831 Bosnian Rebellion, History of the Balkans - 1848 Revolution, History of the Balkans - Russian defeat in Crimea: the Balkan implications, History of the Balkans - Desire of Independence, History of the Balkans - April uprising, History of the Balkans - 1877 War, History of the Balkans - Secularisation in Balkans, History of the Balkans - Orthodoxy, History of the Balkans - The Pig War, History of the Balkans - Balkan Wars, History of the Balkans - First Balkan War, History of the Balkans - Second Balkan War, History of the Balkans - The Balkans in modern times, History of the Balkans - World War I in the Balkans, History of the Balkans - Consequences of World War I, History of the Balkans - World War II in Balkans, History of the Balkans - Consequences of World War II, History of the Balkans - Balkans during the Cold War, History of the Balkans - Post-Communism, History of the Balkans - Current state and perspectives Read more here: » History of the Balkans: Encyclopedia II - History of the Balkans - The Dark Ages and the Great Migrations |
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| | | | | philological: Encyclopedia II - Accademia dei Lincei - L'Accademia The academy replaced the first scientific community ever, the Academia Secretorum Naturae, that was closed due to Inquisition. It was founded in 1603 by Federico Cesi (1586-1630), an aristocrat from Umbria (the son of Duke of Acquasparta and a member of an important family from Rome) who was passionately interested in natural history, above all in botany.
When Cesi visited Naples, he met the polymath Giambattista della Porta, and founded a branch of Porta's academy in that city together with three of his friends, the Dutch physician J ...
See also:Accademia dei Lincei, Accademia dei Lincei - L'Accademia, Accademia dei Lincei - Le tre Rinascite dei Lincei, Accademia dei Lincei - La Reale Accademia dei Lincei, Accademia dei Lincei - I Lincei e l' Accademia d'Italia, Accademia dei Lincei - L'Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei Read more here: » Accademia dei Lincei: Encyclopedia II - Accademia dei Lincei - L'Accademia |
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| | | | | philological: Encyclopedia II - Friedrich Nietzsche - Key concepts Much controversy surrounds whether Nietzsche advocated a single or comprehensive philosophical viewpoint. Many charge Nietzsche with propounding contradictory thoughts and ideas. Here are Nietzsche's main ideas.
Friedrich Nietzsche - Nihilism and the death of God.
After the skepticism in his early works towards the old foundations of philosophy, religion, and morality, Nietzsche experienced the absence of any meaning or purpose to the world and human existence. Nietzsche did not attribute this nihilism to ...
See also:Friedrich Nietzsche, Friedrich Nietzsche - Life, Friedrich Nietzsche - Youth 1844–1869, Friedrich Nietzsche - Professor at Basel 1869–1879, Friedrich Nietzsche - Free philosopher 1879–1889, Friedrich Nietzsche - Mental breakdown and death 1889–1900, Friedrich Nietzsche - Key concepts, Friedrich Nietzsche - Nihilism and the death of God, Friedrich Nietzsche - Amor fati and the eternal recurrence, Friedrich Nietzsche - Overman, Friedrich Nietzsche - Master morality and slave morality, Friedrich Nietzsche - Christianity as an institution and Jesus, Friedrich Nietzsche - The Will to Power, Friedrich Nietzsche - Style, Friedrich Nietzsche - Place in contemporary ethical theory, Friedrich Nietzsche - Political views, Friedrich Nietzsche - Gender views, Friedrich Nietzsche - Kierkegaard and Nietzsche, Friedrich Nietzsche - Criticism of Nietzsche, Friedrich Nietzsche - Reception of Nietzsche, Friedrich Nietzsche - Works, Friedrich Nietzsche - Writings and philosophy, Friedrich Nietzsche - Major English translations, Friedrich Nietzsche - Philology, Friedrich Nietzsche - Poetry, Friedrich Nietzsche - Music, Friedrich Nietzsche - Note Read more here: » Friedrich Nietzsche: Encyclopedia II - Friedrich Nietzsche - Key concepts |
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| | | | | philological: Encyclopedia II - Scholasticism - Scholastic method The scholastics would choose a book by a renowned scholar, called auctor, as a subject of investigation, for example the Bible. By reading the book thoroughly and critically, the disciples learned to appreciate the theories of the auctor. Then other documents related to the source document would be referenced, such as Church councils, papal letters, anything written on the subject, be it ancient text or contemporary. The points of disagreement and contention between these multiple sources would be written down. For example, the Bible ...
See also:Scholasticism, Scholasticism - Scholastic method, Scholasticism - Scholastic genres, Scholasticism - Scholastic school, Scholasticism - History, Scholasticism - Famous Scholastics, Scholasticism - Key Anti-Scholastics, Scholasticism - Contemporary Scholasticism Read more here: » Scholasticism: Encyclopedia II - Scholasticism - Scholastic method |
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| | | | | philological: Encyclopedia II - Sefer Yetzirah - Cosmogony The linguistic theories of the author of the Sefer Yetzirah are an integral component of his philosophy, its other parts being astrological and Gnostic cosmogony. The three letters are not only the three "mothers" from which the other letters of the alphabet are formed, but they are also symbolical figures for the three primordial elements, the substances which underlie all existence.
The mute מ is the symbol of the water in which the mute fish live; the hissing ש corresponds to the hissing fire; and the airy א represents th ...
See also:Sefer Yetzirah, Sefer Yetzirah - Origin, Sefer Yetzirah - Influence, Sefer Yetzirah - The phonetic system, Sefer Yetzirah - Cosmogony, Sefer Yetzirah - The Creation, Sefer Yetzirah - Theories of contrast in nature, Sefer Yetzirah - Gnostic elements, Sefer Yetzirah - Date, Sefer Yetzirah - Thelmetic Interpretations, Sefer Yetzirah - Foot notes Read more here: » Sefer Yetzirah: Encyclopedia II - Sefer Yetzirah - Cosmogony |
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| | | | | philological: Encyclopedia II - Attila the Hun - Appearance, character, and name The main source for information on Attila is Priscus, a historian who traveled with Maximin on an embassy from Theodosius II in 448. He describes the village the nomadic Huns had built and settled down in as the size of the great city with solid wooden walls. He described Attila himself as:
"short of stature, with a broad chest and a large head; his eyes were small, his beard thin and sprinkled with gray; and he had a flat nose and a sw ...
See also:Attila the Hun, Attila the Hun - Background and beginnings, Attila the Hun - Shared kingship, Attila the Hun - Sole ruler, Attila the Hun - Attila in the west, Attila the Hun - Invasion of Italy and death, Attila the Hun - Appearance, character, and name, Attila the Hun - Notes Read more here: » Attila the Hun: Encyclopedia II - Attila the Hun - Appearance, character, and name |
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| | | | | philological: Encyclopedia II - History of the Balkans - Current state and perspectives Since 2000, all Balkan countries are friendly towards the EU and the USA.
Greece has been a member of the European Union since 1981. Slovenia and Cyprus since 2004. Bulgaria and Romania are set to become members in 2007. Croatia is also expected to become part of these organizations, however due to lack of cooperation with the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) in a manhunt for fugitive general Ante Gotovina, in March 2005 its entrance has been postponed. Turkey initially applied in 1963 and as of 2004 ac ...
See also:History of the Balkans, History of the Balkans - Early history, History of the Balkans - Chalcolithic cultures, History of the Balkans - Hallstatt, History of the Balkans - Indo-Europeanization, History of the Balkans - Classical antiquity, History of the Balkans - Odrysian empire, History of the Balkans - Dacian kingdom, History of the Balkans - Greek city-states and their colonies, History of the Balkans - Empire of Macedon, History of the Balkans - Illyrian kingdoms, History of the Balkans - The Roman conquests, History of the Balkans - Christianity during the Daco-Roman era, History of the Balkans - The Dark Ages and the Great Migrations, History of the Balkans - Nomadic peoples, History of the Balkans - Slavs, History of the Balkans - Magyars, History of the Balkans - Bulgars and Bulgarians, History of the Balkans - Vlachs Romanians Aromanians Morlachs Istro-Romanians, History of the Balkans - Balkan linguistic union, History of the Balkans - Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, History of the Balkans - Genoa colonies in lower Danube, History of the Balkans - Fourth Crusade in the Balkans, History of the Balkans - Battle of Nicopolis, History of the Balkans - Eastern Roman Empire, History of the Balkans - Ottoman Empire, History of the Balkans - East-West Schism, History of the Balkans - Habsburg Empire, History of the Balkans - Rise of Independence, History of the Balkans - 1804 First Serbian Uprising and 1815 Second Serbian Uprising, History of the Balkans - 1821 revolt in Greece and Romania, History of the Balkans - 1829 Adrianople peace, History of the Balkans - 1831 Bosnian Rebellion, History of the Balkans - 1848 Revolution, History of the Balkans - Russian defeat in Crimea: the Balkan implications, History of the Balkans - Desire of Independence, History of the Balkans - April uprising, History of the Balkans - 1877 War, History of the Balkans - Secularisation in Balkans, History of the Balkans - Orthodoxy, History of the Balkans - The Pig War, History of the Balkans - Balkan Wars, History of the Balkans - First Balkan War, History of the Balkans - Second Balkan War, History of the Balkans - The Balkans in modern times, History of the Balkans - World War I in the Balkans, History of the Balkans - Consequences of World War I, History of the Balkans - World War II in Balkans, History of the Balkans - Consequences of World War II, History of the Balkans - Balkans during the Cold War, History of the Balkans - Post-Communism, History of the Balkans - Current state and perspectives Read more here: » History of the Balkans: Encyclopedia II - History of the Balkans - Current state and perspectives |
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| | | | | philological: Encyclopedia II - Friedrich Nietzsche - Life
Friedrich Nietzsche - Youth 1844–1869.
Friedrich Nietzsche was born on October 15, 1844, in the small town of Röcken, near Leipzig, within what was then the Prussian province of Saxony. His name comes from King Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia, on whose 49th birthday Nietzsche was born. Nietzsche's parents were Carl Ludwig (1813-1849), a Lutheran pastor and former teacher, and Franziska (1826-1897). His sister, Elisabeth, was born in 1846, followed by his brother Ludwig Joseph in 1848. After the death of their ...
See also:Friedrich Nietzsche, Friedrich Nietzsche - Life, Friedrich Nietzsche - Youth 1844–1869, Friedrich Nietzsche - Professor at Basel 1869–1879, Friedrich Nietzsche - Free philosopher 1879–1889, Friedrich Nietzsche - Mental breakdown and death 1889–1900, Friedrich Nietzsche - Key concepts, Friedrich Nietzsche - Nihilism and the death of God, Friedrich Nietzsche - Amor fati and the eternal recurrence, Friedrich Nietzsche - Overman, Friedrich Nietzsche - Master morality and slave morality, Friedrich Nietzsche - Christianity as an institution and Jesus, Friedrich Nietzsche - The Will to Power, Friedrich Nietzsche - Style, Friedrich Nietzsche - Place in contemporary ethical theory, Friedrich Nietzsche - Political views, Friedrich Nietzsche - Gender views, Friedrich Nietzsche - Kierkegaard and Nietzsche, Friedrich Nietzsche - Criticism of Nietzsche, Friedrich Nietzsche - Reception of Nietzsche, Friedrich Nietzsche - Works, Friedrich Nietzsche - Writings and philosophy, Friedrich Nietzsche - Major English translations, Friedrich Nietzsche - Philology, Friedrich Nietzsche - Poetry, Friedrich Nietzsche - Music, Friedrich Nietzsche - Note Read more here: » Friedrich Nietzsche: Encyclopedia II - Friedrich Nietzsche - Life |
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| | | | | philological: Encyclopedia II - Book collecting - Elements of book collecting Collection interests may include books relating to all the qualities of a book or books, including: author, illustrator, publisher, printer, series (Modern Library, etc.), private presses (Kelmscott Press, etc.), book designers, physical forms (miniature books, palm leaf, vellum, etc.), awards (Pulitzer Prize, Booker Prize, etc.), stages of publication (galley copies, advance copies, uncorrected bound proofs, etc.), author signature, association copy, historical era, regional/local interest, subject, genre, incunabula or marginalia. Related collecting interests include autograph collecting and ephemera. ...
See also:Book collecting, Book collecting - Purpose and value, Book collecting - History of Anglo-European book collecting, Book collecting - Cabinet theory of book collecting, Book collecting - Elements of book collecting, Book collecting - Bibliographies, Book collecting - Book qualities, Book collecting - Illustrations, Book collecting - Fine printings, Book collecting - Topics, Book collecting - Multiple editions, Book collecting - History of printing, Book collecting - Cost, Book collecting - Book condition, Book collecting - Prominent book collectors, Book collecting - Notes Read more here: » Book collecting: Encyclopedia II - Book collecting - Elements of book collecting |
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| | | | | philological: Encyclopedia II - History of the Balkans - The Balkans in modern times
History of the Balkans - World War I in the Balkans.
World War I (then known as the Great War) started when a Serb man called Gavrilo Princip assassinated the heir to the Austrian throne, Franz Ferdinand. Princip was a member of a Serbian militant group called the Young Bosnia. Following the assassination, Austria-Hungary sent Serbia an ultimatum in July 1914, which Serbia mostly followed but it was made so that Serbia could never really accep ...
See also:History of the Balkans, History of the Balkans - Early history, History of the Balkans - Chalcolithic cultures, History of the Balkans - Hallstatt, History of the Balkans - Indo-Europeanization, History of the Balkans - Classical antiquity, History of the Balkans - Odrysian empire, History of the Balkans - Dacian kingdom, History of the Balkans - Greek city-states and their colonies, History of the Balkans - Empire of Macedon, History of the Balkans - Illyrian kingdoms, History of the Balkans - The Roman conquests, History of the Balkans - Christianity during the Daco-Roman era, History of the Balkans - The Dark Ages and the Great Migrations, History of the Balkans - Nomadic peoples, History of the Balkans - Slavs, History of the Balkans - Magyars, History of the Balkans - Bulgars and Bulgarians, History of the Balkans - Vlachs Romanians Aromanians Morlachs Istro-Romanians, History of the Balkans - Balkan linguistic union, History of the Balkans - Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, History of the Balkans - Genoa colonies in lower Danube, History of the Balkans - Fourth Crusade in the Balkans, History of the Balkans - Battle of Nicopolis, History of the Balkans - Eastern Roman Empire, History of the Balkans - Ottoman Empire, History of the Balkans - East-West Schism, History of the Balkans - Habsburg Empire, History of the Balkans - Rise of Independence, History of the Balkans - 1804 First Serbian Uprising and 1815 Second Serbian Uprising, History of the Balkans - 1821 revolt in Greece and Romania, History of the Balkans - 1829 Adrianople peace, History of the Balkans - 1831 Bosnian Rebellion, History of the Balkans - 1848 Revolution, History of the Balkans - Russian defeat in Crimea: the Balkan implications, History of the Balkans - Desire of Independence, History of the Balkans - April uprising, History of the Balkans - 1877 War, History of the Balkans - Secularisation in Balkans, History of the Balkans - Orthodoxy, History of the Balkans - The Pig War, History of the Balkans - Balkan Wars, History of the Balkans - First Balkan War, History of the Balkans - Second Balkan War, History of the Balkans - The Balkans in modern times, History of the Balkans - World War I in the Balkans, History of the Balkans - Consequences of World War I, History of the Balkans - World War II in Balkans, History of the Balkans - Consequences of World War II, History of the Balkans - Balkans during the Cold War, History of the Balkans - Post-Communism, History of the Balkans - Current state and perspectives Read more here: » History of the Balkans: Encyclopedia II - History of the Balkans - The Balkans in modern times |
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