Philip II of Macedon

Born in Pella, Philip was the youngest son of King Amyntas III and Eurydice. In his youth, (ca. 368 BC–365 BC) Philip was a hostage in Thebes, which was the most prominent city of Greece at that time. During his captivity in Thebes, Philip received a military and diplomatic education from Epaminondas, was involved in a pederastic relationship with Pelopidas and lived with Pammenes, who was an enthusiastic advocate of the Sacred Band of Thebes. In 364 BC, Philip returned to Macedonia. The deaths of Philip's elder brothers, King Alexander II ...

See also:

Philip II of Macedon, Philip II of Macedon - Life, Philip II of Macedon - Philip's assassination, Philip II of Macedon - Archaelogical findings

Read more here: » Philip II of Macedon: Encyclopedia II - Philip II of Macedon - Life

Aeschines (389 - 314 BC), Greek statesman and one of the ten Attic orators, was born at Athens. The statements as to his parentage and early life are conflicting; but it seems probable that his parents, though poor, were respectable. After assisting his father in his school, he tried his hand at acting with indifferent success, served with distinction in the army, and held several clerkships, amongst them the office of clerk to the Boule. The fall of Olynthus (348 BC) brought Aeschines into the political arena, and he was sent on an embassy to rou ...

Including:

• Aeschines - Ancient Authorities
• Aeschines - Editions

Read more here: » Aeschines: Encyclopedia - Aeschines

Alexander the Great (in Greek Μέγας Αλέξανδρος, transliterated Megas Alexandros; born in Pella, Macedon, in July, 356 BC, died in Babylon, on June 10, 323 BC), King of Macedon 336–323 BC, is arguably the most successful military commander in world history, conquering most of the known world before his death. Alexander is also known in the Zoroastrian Middle Persian work Arda Wiraz Nāmag as "the accursed Alexander" due to his conquest of the ...

Including:

• Alexander the Great - Early life
• Alexander the Great - The ascent of Macedon
• Alexander the Great - Period of conquests
• Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire
• Alexander the Great - The invasion of India
• Alexander the Great - After India
• Alexander the Great - Alexander's marriages and sexuality
• Alexander the Great - The army of Alexander the Great before the Battle of Gaugamela
• Alexander the Great - Infantry
• Alexander the Great - Cavalry
• Alexander the Great - Death
• Alexander the Great - Legacy and division of the empire
• Alexander the Great - Timeline
• Alexander the Great - Alexander's character
• Alexander the Great - Stories and legends
• Alexander the Great - Ancient sources
• Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend
• Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend in non-Western sources
• Alexander the Great - Main towns founded by Alexander
• Alexander the Great - Alexander in popular media
• Alexander the Great - Note

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(2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) 4th century BC - Overview. 4th century BC - Events. Invasion of the Celts into Ireland Battle of the Allia and subsequent Gaulish sack of Rome 383 BCE Second Buddhist Councel at Vesali. 100 years after the Parimirvana. 312 BCE Seleucus I Nicator established himself in Babylon. Begins the Seleucid Empire. 323 BCE Alexander the Great conqueres the Persian ...

Including:

• 4th century BC - Overview
• 4th century BC - Events
• 4th century BC - Significant persons
• 4th century BC - Inventions discoveries introductions
• 4th century BC - Decades and years

Read more here: » 4th century BC: Encyclopedia - 4th century BC

Amyntas III (or II), son of Arrhidaeus, grandfather of Alexander the Great, was king of Macedon from 393 (or 389) to 369 BC. He came to the throne after the ten years of confusion which followed the death of Archelaus II, the patron of art and literature. But he had many enemies at home; in 383 he was driven out by the Illyrians, but in the following year, with the aid of the Thessalians, he recovered his kingdom. He concluded a treaty with the Spartans, who assisted him to reduce Olynthus (379). He also entered into a league with Jason of ...

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Ancient Greece is the term used to describe the Greek-speaking world in ancient times. It refers not only to the geographical peninsula of modern Greece, but also to areas of Hellenic culture that were settled in ancient times by Greeks: Cyprus, the Aegean coast of Turkey (then known as Ionia), Sicily and southern Italy (known as Magna Graecia), and the scattered Greek settlements on the coasts of what are now Albania, Bulgaria, Egypt, Libya, southern France, sout ...

Including:

• Ancient Greece - Origins
• Ancient Greece - The rise of Hellas
• Ancient Greece - Social and political conflict
• Ancient Greece - The Persian Wars
• Ancient Greece - The dominance of Athens
• Ancient Greece - The Peloponnesian War
• Ancient Greece - Spartan and Theban dominance
• Ancient Greece - The rise of Macedon
• Ancient Greece - The conquests of Alexander
• Ancient Greece - Society
• Ancient Greece - Social Structure
• Ancient Greece - Way of Life
• Ancient Greece - Education

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Mestrius Plutarchus (ca. 46- 127) was a Greek historian, biographer, and essayist. Born in the small town of Chaeronea, in the Greek region known as Boeotia, probably during the reign of the Roman Emperor Claudius, Plutarch travelled widely in the Mediterranean world, including twice to Rome. Due to his parents' wealth, after 67, Plutarchus was able to study philosophy, rhetoric, and mathematics at the Academy of Athens. He had a number of influential friends, including Soscius Senecio and Fundanus, both important Senato ...

Including:

• Plutarch - Work as magistrate and ambassador
• Plutarch - Parallel Lives
• Plutarch - Life of Alexander
• Plutarch - Other works
• Plutarch - The Moralia
• Plutarch - Quaestiones
• Plutarch - Plutarch's influence
• Plutarch - Quotations

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Scythia was an area in Eurasia inhabited in ancient times by a group of Iranian people speaking Indo-Iranian languages, known as the Scythians. The location and extent of Scythia varied over time, from the Altai region where Mongolia, China, Russia, and Kazakhstan come together, across South of Ukraine to the lower Danube river area, Bulgaria and Georgia. The Saka were Asian Scythians and were known as Sai (Character: ...

Including:

• Scythia - Etymology
• Scythia - Scythian society
• Scythia - History
• Scythia - Overview
• Scythia - Scythians in Classical sources
• Scythia - Scythians in the Bible
• Scythia - Peoples claimed to be Scythian
• Scythia - Pazyryk culture
• Scythia - Scythian Gelonus Belsk
• Scythia - The Ryzhanovka kurgan
• Scythia - Scythian gold
• Scythia - Sakas
• Scythia - Indo-Scythians
• Scythia - Scythians and China
• Scythia - The genetic argument
• Scythia - The idea of Scythia

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Centuries: 5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC Decades: 400s BC 390s BC 380s BC 370s BC 360s BC - 350s BC - 340s BC 330s BC 320s BC 310s BC 300s BC 358 BC 357 BC 356 BC 355 BC 354 BC 353 BC 352 BC 351 BC 350 BC 349 BC 348 BC 353 BC - Events. Battle of Volo: Philip II of Macedon defeats the Phocians in the Third Sacred War. 353 BC - Births. 353 BC - Deaths. Iphicrates, Athenian general King Mausolus Nect ...

Including:

• 353 BC - Events
• 353 BC - Births
• 353 BC - Deaths

Read more here: » 353 BC: Encyclopedia - 353 BC

In its most common use, assassination has come to mean the killing of an important person. An assassin — one who carries out the assassination — is usually ideologically- or politically-motivated reasons. Other motivations may be money in the case of a contract killing; opposition to a person's beliefs or belief systems in the case of a fanatic; orders from a government that are often carried about by a subversive agent such ...

Including:

• Assassination - Etymology
• Assassination - Definition problems
• Assassination - Reasons for assassinations
• Assassination - Assassination as a political tool
• Assassination - Assassination for money
• Assassination - Assassination as military doctrine
• Assassination - Moral issues
• Assassination - Techniques
• Assassination - Counter-measures
• Assassination - Source for conspiracy theories
• Assassination - Related lists

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Cleopatra VII Philopator (January 69 BC – August 12, 30 BC) was queen of ancient Egypt, the last member of the Ptolemaic dynasty and hence the last Hellenistic ruler of Egypt. Although many other Egyptian Queens shared the name, she is usually known as simply Cleopatra, and all of her similarly named predecessors have been mostly forgotten. As co-ruler of Egypt with her father (Ptolemy XII Auletes), her brother/husband Ptolemy XIV, and later her son Caesarion, Cleopatra survived a coup engineered by her brother's court ...

Including:

• Cleopatra VII of Egypt - Early life and name
• Cleopatra VII of Egypt - The race debate
• Cleopatra VII of Egypt - Cleopatra in art film TV and literature
• Cleopatra VII of Egypt - Films about Cleopatra
• Cleopatra VII of Egypt - Paintings of Cleopatra
• Cleopatra VII of Egypt - Notes

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Corinth, or Korinth (Κόρινθος; see also List of traditional Greek place names) is a Greek city, on the Isthmus of Corinth, the narrow stretch of land that joins the Peloponnesus to the mainland of Greece. To the west of the isthmus lies the Gulf of Corinth, to the east lies the Saronic Gulf. Corinth is about 48 miles (78 km) southwest of Athens. The isthmus, which was in ancient times traversed by hauling ships over the ...

Including:

• Corinth - History
• Corinth - Prehistoric era
• Corinth - Classical era
• Corinth - Roman era
• Corinth - Byzantine era
• Corinth - Principality of Achaea
• Corinth - Ottoman Rule
• Corinth - Corinth today

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Darius III or Codomannus (c. 380 - 330 BC), was the last king of the Achaemenid dynasty of Persia from 336 BC to 330 BC. He was deposed after Alexander the Great's conquest. After the ambitious chiliarch Bagoas murdered King Artaxerxes III of Persia in 338 BC, and his son King Arses in 336 BC, he sought to install a new monarch who would be easier to control. He chose Codomannus, a distant relative of the royal house who had distinguished himself in a combat of champions in a war against the Cadusii (Justin 10.3; cf. Dio ...

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Chariot racing was one of the most popular ancient Greek and Roman sports. Chariot racing - Early chariot racing. It is unknown exactly where chariotracing began, but it may have been as old as chariots themselves. It is known from artistic evidence on pottery that the sport existed in the Mycenaean world, but the first literary reference to a chariot race is the one described by Homer in Book 23 of the Iliad, at the funeral games of Patroclus. The participants in this race were Diomedes, Eumelus, Antilochu ...

Including:

• Chariot racing - Early chariot racing
• Chariot racing - The Olympic Games
• Chariot racing - Roman chariot racing
• Chariot racing - Byzantine chariot racing
• Chariot racing - Sources

Read more here: » Chariot racing: Encyclopedia - Chariot racing

August 2 is the 214th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (215th in leap years), with 151 days remaining. August 2 - Events. 338 BC - Rise of Macedon: Philip II of Macedon crushes Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea. 216 BC - Punic Wars: In the Battle of Cannae, Hannibal destroys the Roman army of Lucius Aemilius Paullus and Gaius Terentius Varro in what is considered one of the great masterpieces of the tactical art. 461 - Majorian resig ...

Including:

• August 2 - Events
• August 2 - Births
• August 2 - Deaths
• August 2 - Holidays and observances

Read more here: » August 2: Encyclopedia - August 2

Aristotle (Greek: Αριστοτέλης Aristotelēs 384 BC – March 7, 322 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher, student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. He wrote many books about physics, poetry, zoology, logic, rhetoric, government, and biology. Aristotle, along with Plato and Socrates, is generally considered one of the most influential ancient Greek philosophers in Western thought. They transformed Presocratic Greek philosophy into the foundations of Western philosophy as we know it. The writings of Plato an ...

Including:

• Aristotle - Biography
• Aristotle - Early life and studies at the Academy
• Aristotle - Aristotle as philosopher and tutor
• Aristotle - Founder and master of the Lyceum
• Aristotle - Methodology
• Aristotle - Aristotle's epistemology
• Aristotle - Logic
• Aristotle - Science
• Aristotle - Aristotle's metaphysics
• Aristotle - Aristotle's four causes
• Aristotle - The difference between natural objects and artifacts
• Aristotle - Modes of causation
• Aristotle - Chance
• Aristotle - The Five Elements
• Aristotle - Aristotle's ethics
• Aristotle - Nicomachean ethics
• Aristotle - Aristotle's critics
• Aristotle - Aristotle's mistake
• Aristotle - Bibliography
• Aristotle - Major works
• Aristotle - Specific editions
• Aristotle - Named after Aristotle

Read more here: » Aristotle: Encyclopedia - Aristotle

Antipater (in Greek Αντίπατρος; lived c. 397 BC–319 BC) was a Macedonian general and a supporter of kings Philip II of Macedon and Alexander the Great. In 320 BC he became regent of all of Alexander's empire. Antipater - Career under Philip and Alexander. Nothing is known of his early career until 342 BC, when he was appointed by Philip to govern Macedon as his regent while the former left the country for three years of hard and successful campaigning against Thracian and Scythians tribes ...

Including:

• Antipater - Career under Philip and Alexander
• Antipater - The fight for succession
• Antipater - Regent of the Empire
• Antipater - Alexander's assassin?

Read more here: » Antipater: Encyclopedia - Antipater

The Persian Empire is the name used to refer to a number of historic dynasties that have ruled the country of Persia (Iran). Persia's earliest known kingdom was the proto-Elamite Empire, followed by the Medes; but it is the Achaemenid Empire that emerged under Cyrus the Great that is usually the earliest to be called "Persian." Successive states in Iran before 1935 are collectively called the Persian Empire by Western historians. Persian Empire - The name Persia. Persia has long ...

Including:

• Persian Empire - The name Persia
• Persian Empire - The rise and fall of empires in Persia
• Persian Empire - The first Persian state: Achaemenid Persia 648 BC-330 BC
• Persian Empire - Hellenistic Persia 330 BC-150 BC
• Persian Empire - Parthian Persia 150 BC-AD 226
• Persian Empire - Sassanid Persia AD 226-650
• Persian Empire - Islam and Persia 650-1219
• Persian Empire - Persia under the Turkic rule 1037-1219
• Persian Empire - Persia under the Mongols and their successors 1219-1500
• Persian Empire - A new Persian empire: the Safavids 1500-1722
• Persian Empire - Persia and Europe 1722-1914
• Persian Empire - Persia in World War One 1914-1918
• Persian Empire - Persia after World War One 1919-1935
• Persian Empire - List of Kings and Emperors of Persia

Read more here: » Persian Empire: Encyclopedia - Persian Empire

Samothrace (in Greek: Σαμοθρακη, Samothraki, Turkish: Semadrek) is an island in Greece, in the northern Aegean Sea. The name of the island means Thracian Samos. The town is locally called Chora. It is a self-governing deme in the prefecture of Evros and is the westernmost and the southernmost in the province of East Macedonia and Thrace. It is the southernmost island and point in Greek Thrace. It is only a few kilometres west of the maritime boundary between Greece and Turkey. The island is 17 km long and is 178 km² in size and has a population of about 2, ...

Including:

• Samothrace - Communities
• Samothrace - Other
• Samothrace - Historical population

Read more here: » Samothrace: Encyclopedia - Samothrace

In historical times it belonged to the Ozolian Locrians; but about 455 BC, in spite of a partial resettlement with Locrians of Opus, it fell to the Athenians, who peopled it with Messenian refugees and made it their chief naval station in western Greece during the Peloponnesian war. In 404 it was restored to the Locrians, who subsequently lost it to the Achaeans, but recovered it through Epaminondas. Philip II of Macedon gave Naupactus to the Aetolians, who held it till 191 BC, when after an obstinate siege it was surrendered to the R ...

See also:

Naupactus, Naupactus - History, Naupactus - Residents, Naupactus - Nearest places, Naupactus - Historical population, Naupactus - Communities, Naupactus - Communications, Naupactus - Television

Read more here: » Naupactus: Encyclopedia II - Naupactus - History