The CIWS is designed to be the last line of defense against anti-ship missiles. Due to its design criteria its effective range is very short (exact range is classified). The gun mount moves at a very high rate of speed and with great precision. The system takes minimal inputs from the ship making it capable of functioning despite potential damage to the ship. The only input that is required for operation is for it to receive 440VAC at 60Hz. For full operation including some non-essential functions, it also has inputs for True compass ships heading and 115VAC for the PASS and tape drive subsystems.

Phalanx CIWS, Phalanx CIWS - Overview, Phalanx CIWS - How the CIWS Works, Phalanx CIWS - Radar Subsystems, Phalanx CIWS - Gun and Ammunition Handling System, Phalanx CIWS - CIWS Contact Target Identification, Phalanx CIWS - Phalanx in combat at sea, Phalanx CIWS - Land based version, Phalanx CIWS - Phalanx in fiction

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The current trend in CIWS is to use missile systems instead of guns, because guns have certain limitations: Short range: The maximum effective range of 30 mm gun systems is about 2000 m; systems with lighter projectiles have even shorter range. The expected real-world kill-distance of an incoming anti-ship missile is about 500 m or less, still close enough to possibly cause damage on the ship's sensor or communication arrays. Also the timeframe for interception is relatively short; for supersonic missiles moving a ...

See also:

Close-in weapon system, Close-in weapon system - How does it work?, Close-in weapon system - Missile systems, Close-in weapon system - CIWS trivia

Read more here: » Close-in weapon system: Encyclopedia II - Close-in weapon system - Missile systems

Anti-aircraft warfare - Earliest use. The earliest known use of weapons specifically made for the anti-aircraft role occurred during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870. After the disaster at Sedan, Paris was besieged and French troops outside the city started an attempt at resupply via balloon. Krupp quickly modified a 1 pounder (20 mm) gun to be mounted on top of a horse-drawn carriage for the purpose of shooting down these balloons. Very little information on this weapon has been published. See also:

Anti-aircraft warfare, Anti-aircraft warfare - History, Anti-aircraft warfare - Earliest use, Anti-aircraft warfare - World War I, Anti-aircraft warfare - World War II, Anti-aircraft warfare - Post-war, Anti-aircraft warfare - Future developments, Anti-aircraft warfare - Force structures, Anti-aircraft warfare - Navy, Anti-aircraft warfare - Army, Anti-aircraft warfare - Air force, Anti-aircraft warfare - Tactics, Anti-aircraft warfare - Mobility, Anti-aircraft warfare - Air defence vs. air defence suppression

Read more here: » Anti-aircraft warfare: Encyclopedia II - Anti-aircraft warfare - History

Anti-aircraft warfare, or air defense, is any method of engaging military aircraft in combat from the ground. Various guns and cannons have been used in this role since the first military aircraft were used in World War I, growing in power and accuracy over the years. Starting in the post-World War II era the guns were joined by the guided missile, specifically the "surface-to-air mis ...

Including:

• Anti-aircraft warfare - History
• Anti-aircraft warfare - Earliest use
• Anti-aircraft warfare - World War I
• Anti-aircraft warfare - World War II
• Anti-aircraft warfare - Post-war
• Anti-aircraft warfare - Future developments
• Anti-aircraft warfare - Force structures
• Anti-aircraft warfare - Navy
• Anti-aircraft warfare - Army
• Anti-aircraft warfare - Air force
• Anti-aircraft warfare - Tactics
• Anti-aircraft warfare - Mobility
• Anti-aircraft warfare - Air defence vs. air defence suppression

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USS Frederick (LST-1184) was named after the city of Frederick, Maryland and Frederick County, Maryland. She was laid down on 13 April 1968 at San Diego, California, by the National Steel and Shipbuilding Corporation; launched on 8 March 1969; sponsored by Mrs. Kleber S. Masterson; and commissioned on 11 April 1970, Cmdr. Robert A. Shaid in command. Following shakedown, Frederick was assigned to the Amphibious Force, Pacific Fleet, and was homeported at San Diego. She made over thirteen major deployments to the ...

Including:

• USS Frederick LST-1184 - Sources

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The Arleigh Burke class of guided missile destroyers, one of the destroyer classes of the United States Navy, are built around the Aegis combat system and the SPY-1D multi-function phased array radar. The first ship was commissioned on 4 July 1991. The Arleigh Burke class are among the largest and most powerful destroyers ever built. (The larger Ticonderoga class were constructed as destroyers, but were subsequently redesignated as cruisers.) According to Bath Iron Works promotional material, Arle ...

Including:

• Arleigh Burke class destroyer - General Characteristics
• Arleigh Burke class destroyer - Ships

Read more here: » Arleigh Burke class destroyer: Encyclopedia - Arleigh Burke class destroyer

2 Rolls-Royce Olympus TM3B high-speed gas turbines, 50,000 shp (37.5 MW) 2 Rolls-Royce Tyne RM1A cruise gas turbines, 8,000 shp (6 MW) 1 x 4.5 inch (114 mm) L/45 Vickers Mark 8 gun 2 x 20 mm Oerlikon guns 2 x three tube STWS-1 launchers for 324 mm (12.75") A/S torpedoes (Mk.44 / 46, Stingray) later; 2 x 20 mm Phalanx CIWS 2 x twin 30 mm L/75 BMARC GCM-A03 guns 2 x 20 mm BMARC L/70 GAM-B01 guns Radar Type 965 'AKE-2' air search Radar Type 992Q low-angle search 2 x Radar Type 909 GWS-30 fire-c ...

Including:

• Type 42 destroyer - History
• Type 42 destroyer - Design Details
• Type 42 destroyer - Replacement

Read more here: » Type 42 destroyer: Encyclopedia - Type 42 destroyer

The United Kingdom's Type 45 Destroyer is the state-of-the art future air defence destroyer program of the Royal Navy. Type 45 destroyer - Background. Originally conceived under the multi-national 'Horizon' project, from which the UK withdrew, the Daring Class destroyers represent the largest escorts ever built for the RN, second only to the Tiger class guided missile cruisers of the post-Second World War era. Six ships have been ordered and a total of eight are expected to enter servic ...

Including:

• Type 45 destroyer - Background
• Type 45 destroyer - Design
• Type 45 destroyer - Armament
• Type 45 destroyer - Anti aircraft
• Type 45 destroyer - Decoys
• Type 45 destroyer - Guns
• Type 45 destroyer - Aircraft
• Type 45 destroyer - Anti Ship Missiles
• Type 45 destroyer - Torpedoes
• Type 45 destroyer - Other
• Type 45 destroyer - Propulsion
• Type 45 destroyer - Ships in the class

Read more here: » Type 45 destroyer: Encyclopedia - Type 45 destroyer

It was against this backdrop in 1980 that the United States began an election year. Ronald Reagan, a Republican, ran the presidential race on the platform of improving the armed service, which appealed to the American spirit. Under the programs put forth by Reagan, the overseas strategic retaliation arm was strengthened, the development of new and exotic weaponry like the B-1B bomber, the Bradley fighting vehi ...

See also:

600-ship Navy, 600-ship Navy - Vietnam, 600-ship Navy - 1975–1980, 600-ship Navy - The Reagan Administration, 600-ship Navy - Reference

Read more here: » 600-ship Navy: Encyclopedia II - 600-ship Navy - The Reagan Administration

The two droids establish the comic relief of the series. However, R2 is decisive and courageous in comparison to C-3PO, who tends to panic and dither in the face of danger. For instance, in A New Hope when they realized that their human companions were in jeopardy in a crushing trash compactor, C-3PO was in a panic while R2-D2 quietly and quickly set to work to stop the machine. There has also been speculation as to whether R2-D2 has some special relationship with the Force. This could be the case with Han Solo and Chewbacca as well. ...

See also:

R2-D2, R2-D2 - Behind the scenes, R2-D2 - Analysis, R2-D2 - R2-D2 in popular culture, R2-D2 - Inspiration, R2-D2 - Expanded Universe, R2-D2 - Popularity, R2-D2 - Other, R2-D2 - Notes

Read more here: » R2-D2: Encyclopedia II - R2-D2 - Analysis

The system first acquires a target using the 2D X-Band search radar, which can track up to 18 targets at once. The engagement radar is then slewed to the heading indicated by the search radar. The engagement radar operates in both X-Band and Ka-Band, this enables the engagement radar to use the search radars signal to find the target quickly without additional searching, also data from the X-Band and Ku-Band return signals can be compared to increase resistance to ECM and clutter. The engagemen ...

See also:

Goalkeeper CIWS, Goalkeeper CIWS - Development, Goalkeeper CIWS - Description, Goalkeeper CIWS - Specifications, Goalkeeper CIWS - Comparison to Phalanx, Goalkeeper CIWS - Users

Read more here: » Goalkeeper CIWS: Encyclopedia II - Goalkeeper CIWS - Description

Sea Dart is a two-stage, 4.4m long missile weighing 550 kg. It is launched using a drop-off Chow solid-fueled booster that accelerates it to the supersonic speed necessary for the operation of the cruise motor, a Bristol Aerojet kerosene-fueled Odin ramjet. This gives a cruise speed on over Mach 2, and unlike many rocket powered designs the cruise engine burns for the entire flight, giving excellent terminal manouverability at extreme range. It is capable of engaging targets out to at least 30 nau ...

See also:

Sea Dart missile, Sea Dart missile - History, Sea Dart missile - Design, Sea Dart missile - Combat Service, Sea Dart missile - Falklands War, Sea Dart missile - Gulf War 1991, Sea Dart missile - Withdrawal

Read more here: » Sea Dart missile: Encyclopedia II - Sea Dart missile - Design

Originally conceived under the multi-national 'Horizon' project, from which the UK withdrew, the Daring Class destroyers represent the largest escorts ever built for the RN, second only to the Tiger class guided missile cruisers of the post-Second World War era. Six ships have been ordered and a total of eight are expected to enter service by 2014. The original planned purchase of twelve was reduced in the Ministry of Defence's Delivering Security in a Changing World: Future Capabilities review, published in July ...

See also:

Type 45 destroyer, Type 45 destroyer - Background, Type 45 destroyer - Design, Type 45 destroyer - Construction, Type 45 destroyer - Armament, Type 45 destroyer - Anti aircraft, Type 45 destroyer - Decoys, Type 45 destroyer - Guns, Type 45 destroyer - Aircraft, Type 45 destroyer - Anti Ship Missiles, Type 45 destroyer - Torpedoes, Type 45 destroyer - Other, Type 45 destroyer - Propulsion, Type 45 destroyer - Ships in the class

Read more here: » Type 45 destroyer: Encyclopedia II - Type 45 destroyer - Background

FFG-7 class ships were produced in 445 foot (136 m) "short-hull" (Flight I)and 455 foot (139 m) "long-hull" (Flight III)variants. The long-hull ships (FFG 8, 28, 29, 32, 33, 36-61) carry the SH-60 Seahawk LAMPS III helicopters, while the short-hull units carry the less-capable SH-2 Seasprite. The principal difference between the long and short hull versions is the relocation of the aft capstan on the long hull version to a step below the level of the flight deck in order to accommodate the tail rotor of the longer Seahawk Helicopter. Long Hu ...

See also:

Oliver Hazard Perry class frigate, Oliver Hazard Perry class frigate - Ships, Oliver Hazard Perry class frigate - Upgrades, Oliver Hazard Perry class frigate - Baptism of fire, Oliver Hazard Perry class frigate - Specifications, Oliver Hazard Perry class frigate - Oliver Hazard Perry class frigates, Oliver Hazard Perry class frigate - U.S.-built units, Oliver Hazard Perry class frigate - Australian-built units, Oliver Hazard Perry class frigate - Spanish-built units, Oliver Hazard Perry class frigate - Taiwanese-built units

Read more here: » Oliver Hazard Perry class frigate: Encyclopedia II - Oliver Hazard Perry class frigate - Ships

List of antiaircraft weapons - Guns and autocannons. World War II 2 cm Flak 30/2 cm Gebirgsflak 38/2 cm Flakvierling 3 cm Flak 103/38 3.7 cm Flak 18/3.7 cm Flak 36/37/3.7 cm Flak 43/3.7 cm Flakzwilling 8.8 cm Flak 18 - the "eighty-eight", built in a number of models 8.8 cm Flak 41 10.5 cm Flak 38/39 5 cm Flak 41 5.5 cm Gerät 58 12.8 cm Flak 40 Modern Rein ...

See also:

List of antiaircraft weapons, List of antiaircraft weapons - Canada, List of antiaircraft weapons - France, List of antiaircraft weapons - Greece, List of antiaircraft weapons - Germany, List of antiaircraft weapons - Guns and autocannons, List of antiaircraft weapons - Self propelled AA, List of antiaircraft weapons - Missile systems, List of antiaircraft weapons - India, List of antiaircraft weapons - Israel, List of antiaircraft weapons - Italy, List of antiaircraft weapons - Joint European, List of antiaircraft weapons - Norway, List of antiaircraft weapons - Pakistan, List of antiaircraft weapons - People's Republic of China, List of antiaircraft weapons - Poland, List of antiaircraft weapons - Russia/USSR, List of antiaircraft weapons - Gun systems, List of antiaircraft weapons - Missile systems, List of antiaircraft weapons - Combined systems, List of antiaircraft weapons - Sweden, List of antiaircraft weapons - Switzerland, List of antiaircraft weapons - UK, List of antiaircraft weapons - USA, List of antiaircraft weapons - Missile systems, List of antiaircraft weapons - Gun systems, List of antiaircraft weapons - Japan, List of antiaircraft weapons - Imperial Japanese Army and Navy Land Forces Second World War, List of antiaircraft weapons - Japan Ground Self Defence Force anti-aircraft equipment, List of antiaircraft weapons - Japan Air Self Defense Force anti-aircraft equipment

Read more here: » List of antiaircraft weapons: Encyclopedia II - List of antiaircraft weapons - Germany

Staballoys are metal alloys of a high proportion of depleted uranium with other metals, usually titanium or molybdenum, designed for use in kinetic energy penetrator armor-piercing munitions. They are about twice as dense as lead. One formulation has a composition of 99.25% of depleted uranium and 0.75% of titanium. Other variant can have 3.5% of titanium. Depleted uranium - Incendiary projectile munitions. Depleted uranium is very dense; at 19050 kg/m³, it is 70% denser than lead. Thus a gi ...

See also:

Depleted uranium, Depleted uranium - Production and availability, Depleted uranium - Health concerns, Depleted uranium - Nuclear energy applications, Depleted uranium - Breeder reactors, Depleted uranium - Radiation shielding, Depleted uranium - Downblending, Depleted uranium - Military applications, Depleted uranium - Incendiary projectile munitions, Depleted uranium - Armour plate, Depleted uranium - Nuclear weapons, Depleted uranium - Civilian applications, Depleted uranium - Aircraft, Depleted uranium - Forklifts, Depleted uranium - Catalysts, Depleted uranium - Semiconductors, Depleted uranium - Pigments

Read more here: » Depleted uranium: Encyclopedia II - Depleted uranium - Military applications

The ship's surface-to-surface missile is the Boeing Harpoon Block 1C. The two quadruple launch tubes are installed at the main deck level between the ship's funnel and the helicopter hangar. The Harpoon missile uses active radar homing to deliver a 227 kg warhead to a range in excess of 130km. The Sea Sparrow vertical launch surface-to-air missile uses semi-active radar homing to deliver a 39kg warhead at speed Mach 1.6 to a range of 15km. The eight-cell ...

See also:

Halifax class frigate, Halifax class frigate - Weapons Systems, Halifax class frigate - Flight Deck, Halifax class frigate - Countermeasures, Halifax class frigate - Sensors, Halifax class frigate - Propulsion, Halifax class frigate - Specifications, Halifax class frigate - List of ships

Read more here: » Halifax class frigate: Encyclopedia II - Halifax class frigate - Weapons Systems

Bolo Marks Technical Data - Mark XX/B Tremendous. Introduced in 2796, the Mark XX was the first truly self-directing self-aware Bolo, made possible by breakthroughs psychotronics. It maintained the same defensive capabilities as the Mark XIX but was forced to down size its main armament from a single 50cm Hellbore to dual 30cm models because of the space taken up by the new psychotronics. The Mark XX weighed 13,000 metric tons with a road speed of 90 km/h and a sprint speed of 120 km/h. B ...

See also:

Bolo Marks Technical Data, Bolo Marks Technical Data - Manned Bolos, Bolo Marks Technical Data - Mark I, Bolo Marks Technical Data - Mark II, Bolo Marks Technical Data - Mark III, Bolo Marks Technical Data - Mark IV, Bolo Marks Technical Data - Mark V, Bolo Marks Technical Data - Mark VI, Bolo Marks Technical Data - Mark VII, Bolo Marks Technical Data - Mark VIII, Bolo Marks Technical Data - Mark IX, Bolo Marks Technical Data - Semi-Manned Bolos, Bolo Marks Technical Data - Mark X, Bolo Marks Technical Data - Mark XI, Bolo Marks Technical Data - Mark XII, Bolo Marks Technical Data - Mark XIII, Bolo Marks Technical Data - Mark XIV, Bolo Marks Technical Data - Unmanned Bolos, Bolo Marks Technical Data - Mark XV/B-M Resartus, Bolo Marks Technical Data - Mark XV/Q-R Horrendous, Bolo Marks Technical Data - Mark XVI Retarius, Bolo Marks Technical Data - Mark XVII Implacable, Bolo Marks Technical Data - Mark XVIII Gladius, Bolo Marks Technical Data - Mark XIX Intransigent, Bolo Marks Technical Data - Self-Aware Bolos, Bolo Marks Technical Data - Mark XX/B Tremendous, Bolo Marks Technical Data - Mark XX/M Tremendous, Bolo Marks Technical Data - Mark XXI Terrible, Bolo Marks Technical Data - Mark XXII Thunderous, Bolo Marks Technical Data - Mark XXIII Invincibilis, Bolo Marks Technical Data - Mark XXIV Cognitus, Bolo Marks Technical Data - Mark XXV Stupendous, Bolo Marks Technical Data - Mark XXVI Monstrous, Bolo Marks Technical Data - Mark XXVII Invictus, Bolo Marks Technical Data - Mark XXVIII Triumphant, Bolo Marks Technical Data - Mark XXIX Victorious, Bolo Marks Technical Data - Mark XXX Magnificent, Bolo Marks Technical Data - Mark XXXI, Bolo Marks Technical Data - Mark XXXII, Bolo Marks Technical Data - Mark XXXIII, Bolo Marks Technical Data - Mark XXXIV

Read more here: » Bolo Marks Technical Data: Encyclopedia II - Bolo Marks Technical Data - Self-Aware Bolos

The purchase of the frigates was opposed in New Zealand, by a coalition of those in the minority Green Party basically opposed to any defence spending. It did not help that the purchase was supported by the New Zealand National Party and became a political issue. However the majority of New Zealanders objected to buying these particular frigates. The reasons were complex, but included perceptions the ANZAC frigates offered poor capability for the cost, the frigates were a make work scheme for uncompetitive Australian doc ...

See also:

Anzac class frigate, Anzac class frigate - Specifications, Anzac class frigate - Australian improvements, Anzac class frigate - section still to be re-worked, Anzac class frigate - New Zealand improvements, Anzac class frigate - New Zealand frigate controversy, Anzac class frigate - Units

Read more here: » Anzac class frigate: Encyclopedia II - Anzac class frigate - New Zealand frigate controversy

Depleted uranium - Nuclear energy applications. Depleted uranium is not usable directly as nuclear fuel. Depleted uranium can be used as a source material for creating the element plutonium. Breeder reactors carry out such a process of transmutation to convert "fertile" isotopes such as U-238 into fissile plutonium. It has been estimated that there is anywhere from 10,000 to five billion years worth of Uranium-238 for use in these power plants [2]. Breeder technolo ...

See also:

Depleted uranium, Depleted uranium - Production and availability, Depleted uranium - Uses, Depleted uranium - Nuclear energy applications, Depleted uranium - Military applications, Depleted uranium - Civilian applications

Read more here: » Depleted uranium: Encyclopedia II - Depleted uranium - Uses