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Peru-Bolivian Confederation | A Wisdom Archive on Peru-Bolivian Confederation | | Peru-Bolivian Confederation A selection of articles related to Peru-Bolivian Confederation | |
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Peru-Bolivian Confederation | | | |  Peru-Bolivian Confederation: Encyclopedia II - History of Argentina - The emergence of modern ArgentinaTwo forces combined to create the modern Argentine nation in the late 19th century: the introduction of modern agricultural techniques and integration of Argentina into the world economy. Foreign investment and immigration from Europe aided this economic revolution. Investment, primarily British, came in such fields as railroads and ports, but the foreign owners expected to retain controls. The migrants who worked to develop Argentina's resources (especially the ...
See also:History of Argentina, History of Argentina - During the reign of the Inca, History of Argentina - Spanish colonial era, History of Argentina - Birth of the Argentine State, History of Argentina - The emergence of modern Argentina, History of Argentina - The Great Depression and World War II, History of Argentina - The rise of Juan Perón, History of Argentina - Struggle between Peronist and anti-Peronist forces, History of Argentina - Perón returns from exile, History of Argentina - The Dirty War, History of Argentina - The return to democracy, History of Argentina - The 1990s, History of Argentina - The economic crisis, History of Argentina - The recovery, History of Argentina - Notes, History of Argentina - Reference, History of Argentina - External link Read more here: » History of Argentina: Encyclopedia II - History of Argentina - The emergence of modern Argentina |
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| | | | | Peru-Bolivian Confederation: Encyclopedia II - Geography of Uruguay - Topography and hydrography Most of Uruguay is a gently rolling plain that represents a transition from the almost featureless Argentine pampas to the hilly uplands of southern Brazil. The country itself has flat plains on its eastern, southern, and western edges. The narrow Atlantic coastal plain is sandy and marshy, occasionally broken by shallow lagoons. The littorals of the Río de la Plata and the Río Uruguay are somewhat broader and merge more gradually into the hilly interior.
The remaining three-quarters of the country is a rolling plateau marked by ran ...
See also:Geography of Uruguay, Geography of Uruguay - Topography and hydrography, Geography of Uruguay - Climate, Geography of Uruguay - Land use and settlement patterns, Geography of Uruguay - The interior, Geography of Uruguay - The Littoral, Geography of Uruguay - Greater Montevideo, Geography of Uruguay - The coast, Geography of Uruguay - Regional development, Geography of Uruguay - Facts, Geography of Uruguay - Sources Read more here: » Geography of Uruguay: Encyclopedia II - Geography of Uruguay - Topography and hydrography |
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| | | | | Peru-Bolivian Confederation: Encyclopedia II - Protector title - Religious & faith-related
Protector title - Catholic.
This article incorporates text from the public domain Catholic Encyclopedia. See also Protectorate of Missions
Since the thirteenth century it has been customary at Rome to confide to some particular Cardinal a special solicitude in the Roman Curia for the interests of a given religious order or institute, confraternity, church, college, city, nation, etc. He was its representative or orator when it sought a favour or a privilege, defended it when unjustly ...
See also:Protector title, Protector title - Political & Administrative, Protector title - Heads of State, Protector title - Foreign Hegemons, Protector title - British colonial administration, Protector title - Religious & faith-related, Protector title - Catholic, Protector title - Islamic, Protector title - Sources and References Read more here: » Protector title: Encyclopedia II - Protector title - Religious & faith-related |
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| | | | | Peru-Bolivian Confederation: Encyclopedia II - Politics of Colombia - Constitutional Reforms Colombia's present constitution, enacted on July 4, 1991, strengthened the administration of justice with the provision for introduction of an adversarial system which ultimately is to entirely replace the existing Napoleonic Code. Other significant reforms under the new constitution provide for civil divorce, dual nationality, the election of a vice president, and the election of departmental governors. The constitution expanded citizens' basic rights, including that of "tutela," under which an immediate court action can be requested by an individual if he or she feels that their constitutional rig ...
See also:Politics of Colombia, Politics of Colombia - Constitutional Reforms, Politics of Colombia - Principal Government Official, Politics of Colombia - International organization participation: Read more here: » Politics of Colombia: Encyclopedia II - Politics of Colombia - Constitutional Reforms |
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| | | | | Peru-Bolivian Confederation: Encyclopedia II - Geography of Uruguay - Facts Area:
total: 176,220 km²
land: 173,620 km²
water: 2,600 km²
Area - comparative: slightly smaller than the state of Washington
Land boundaries:
total: 1,564 km
border countries: Argentina 579 km, Brazil 985 km
Coastline: 660 km
Maritime claims:
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
territorial sea: 200 nm; overflight and navigation guaranteed beyond 12 nm
Climate: warm t ...
See also:Geography of Uruguay, Geography of Uruguay - Topography and hydrography, Geography of Uruguay - Climate, Geography of Uruguay - Land use and settlement patterns, Geography of Uruguay - The interior, Geography of Uruguay - The Littoral, Geography of Uruguay - Greater Montevideo, Geography of Uruguay - The coast, Geography of Uruguay - Regional development, Geography of Uruguay - Facts, Geography of Uruguay - Sources Read more here: » Geography of Uruguay: Encyclopedia II - Geography of Uruguay - Facts |
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| | | | | Peru-Bolivian Confederation: Encyclopedia II - Geography of Uruguay - Climate Located entirely within the temperate zone, Uruguay has a climate that is fairly uniform nationwide. Seasonal variations are pronounced, but extremes in temperature are rare. As would be expected by its abundance of water, high humidity and fog are common. The absence of mountains, which act as weather barriers, makes all locations vulnerable to high winds and rapid changes in weather as fronts or storms sweep across the country.
Seasons are fairly well defined, and in most of Uruguay spring is usually damp, cool, and windy; summers a ...
See also:Geography of Uruguay, Geography of Uruguay - Topography and hydrography, Geography of Uruguay - Climate, Geography of Uruguay - Land use and settlement patterns, Geography of Uruguay - The interior, Geography of Uruguay - The Littoral, Geography of Uruguay - Greater Montevideo, Geography of Uruguay - The coast, Geography of Uruguay - Regional development, Geography of Uruguay - Facts, Geography of Uruguay - Sources Read more here: » Geography of Uruguay: Encyclopedia II - Geography of Uruguay - Climate |
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| | | | | Peru-Bolivian Confederation: Encyclopedia II - History of Argentina - The rise of Juan Perón Using fraud and force when necessary, the governments of the 1930s (then retrospectively known as Década Infame, the Infamous Decade) attempted to contain the currents of economic and political change that eventually led to the ascendance of Juan Domingo Perón. New social and political forces were seeking political power, including a modern military and labor movements that emerged from the growing urban working class.
The military ousted Argentina's constitutional government in 1943. Perón, then an army colonel, was one of ...
See also:History of Argentina, History of Argentina - During the reign of the Inca, History of Argentina - Spanish colonial era, History of Argentina - Birth of the Argentine State, History of Argentina - The emergence of modern Argentina, History of Argentina - The Great Depression and World War II, History of Argentina - The rise of Juan Perón, History of Argentina - Struggle between Peronist and anti-Peronist forces, History of Argentina - Perón returns from exile, History of Argentina - The Dirty War, History of Argentina - The return to democracy, History of Argentina - The 1990s, History of Argentina - The economic crisis, History of Argentina - The recovery, History of Argentina - Notes, History of Argentina - Reference, History of Argentina - External link Read more here: » History of Argentina: Encyclopedia II - History of Argentina - The rise of Juan Perón |
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| | | | | Peru-Bolivian Confederation: Encyclopedia II - History of Argentina - The return to democracy On October 30, 1983, Argentines went to the polls to choose a president; vice-president; and national, provincial, and local officials in elections found by international observers to be fair and honest. The country returned to constitutional rule after Raul Alfonsín, candidate of the Radical Civic Union (Unión Cívica Radical, UCR), received 52% of the popular vote for president. He began a 6-year term of office on December 10, 1983. Five days later, he created the National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons (CONADEP), led ...
See also:History of Argentina, History of Argentina - During the reign of the Inca, History of Argentina - Spanish colonial era, History of Argentina - Birth of the Argentine State, History of Argentina - The emergence of modern Argentina, History of Argentina - The Great Depression and World War II, History of Argentina - The rise of Juan Perón, History of Argentina - Struggle between Peronist and anti-Peronist forces, History of Argentina - Perón returns from exile, History of Argentina - The Dirty War, History of Argentina - The return to democracy, History of Argentina - The 1990s, History of Argentina - The economic crisis, History of Argentina - The recovery, History of Argentina - Notes, History of Argentina - Reference, History of Argentina - External link Read more here: » History of Argentina: Encyclopedia II - History of Argentina - The return to democracy |
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| | | | | Peru-Bolivian Confederation: Encyclopedia II - History of Argentina - The Dirty War Following the coup against Isabel Perón, the armed forces formally exercised power through a junta led consecutively by Videla, Viola, Galtieri and Bignone until December 10, 1983. These de facto leaders termed their government programme Proceso de Reorganización Nacional ("National Reorganization Process").
Using the terrorist tactics adopted by the Montoneros (left-wing Peronists) and Trotskyist Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (Revolutionary Army of the People or ERP) as justification, the armed forces, among the ...
See also:History of Argentina, History of Argentina - During the reign of the Inca, History of Argentina - Spanish colonial era, History of Argentina - Birth of the Argentine State, History of Argentina - The emergence of modern Argentina, History of Argentina - The Great Depression and World War II, History of Argentina - The rise of Juan Perón, History of Argentina - Struggle between Peronist and anti-Peronist forces, History of Argentina - Perón returns from exile, History of Argentina - The Dirty War, History of Argentina - The return to democracy, History of Argentina - The 1990s, History of Argentina - The economic crisis, History of Argentina - The recovery, History of Argentina - Notes, History of Argentina - Reference, History of Argentina - External link Read more here: » History of Argentina: Encyclopedia II - History of Argentina - The Dirty War |
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| | | | | Peru-Bolivian Confederation: Encyclopedia II - History of Argentina - The 1990s As President, Carlos Menem launched a major overhaul of Argentine domestic policy. Large-scale structural reforms dramatically reversed the role of the state in Argentine economic life. Ironically, the Peronist Menem oversaw the privatization of many of the industries Perón had nationalized. A decisive leader pressing a controversial agenda, Menem was not reluctant to use the presidency's powers to issue "emergency" decrees (formally decretos de necesidad y urgencia) when the Congress was unable to reach consensus on his proposed ref ...
See also:History of Argentina, History of Argentina - During the reign of the Inca, History of Argentina - Spanish colonial era, History of Argentina - Birth of the Argentine State, History of Argentina - The emergence of modern Argentina, History of Argentina - The Great Depression and World War II, History of Argentina - The rise of Juan Perón, History of Argentina - Struggle between Peronist and anti-Peronist forces, History of Argentina - Perón returns from exile, History of Argentina - The Dirty War, History of Argentina - The return to democracy, History of Argentina - The 1990s, History of Argentina - The economic crisis, History of Argentina - The recovery, History of Argentina - Notes, History of Argentina - Reference, History of Argentina - External link Read more here: » History of Argentina: Encyclopedia II - History of Argentina - The 1990s |
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| | | | | Peru-Bolivian Confederation: Encyclopedia II - History of Argentina - The economic crisis Towards the end of 2001, Argentina faced grave economic problems. The IMF pressed Argentina to service its external debt, effectively forcing Argentina to devalue the Argentine peso, which had been pegged to the U. S. dollar. On November 1, 2001, as people's fears that the peso would be devalued caused massive withdrawal of bank deposits and capital flight, de la Rúa's Minister of Economy Domingo Cavallo passed regulations severely limiting withdrawals, effectively freezing the peso-denominated assets of the Argentine middle class, while th ...
See also:History of Argentina, History of Argentina - During the reign of the Inca, History of Argentina - Spanish colonial era, History of Argentina - Birth of the Argentine State, History of Argentina - The emergence of modern Argentina, History of Argentina - The Great Depression and World War II, History of Argentina - The rise of Juan Perón, History of Argentina - Struggle between Peronist and anti-Peronist forces, History of Argentina - Perón returns from exile, History of Argentina - The Dirty War, History of Argentina - The return to democracy, History of Argentina - The 1990s, History of Argentina - The economic crisis, History of Argentina - The recovery, History of Argentina - Notes, History of Argentina - Reference, History of Argentina - External link Read more here: » History of Argentina: Encyclopedia II - History of Argentina - The economic crisis |
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| | | | | Peru-Bolivian Confederation: Encyclopedia II - History of Argentina - The recovery President Duhalde faced a country in turmoil. His administration had to deal with a wave of protests (middle-class cacerolazos and unemployed piqueteros), and did so with a relatively tolerant policy, intending to minimize violence. As inflation became a serious issue and millions of Argentinians sank into unemployment and poverty, Duhalde chose a moderate, low-profile economist, Roberto Lavagna, as his Minister of Economy. The economic measures worked to control prices, and encouraged import substitution to provide jobs, re-create the industrial base ...
See also:History of Argentina, History of Argentina - During the reign of the Inca, History of Argentina - Spanish colonial era, History of Argentina - Birth of the Argentine State, History of Argentina - The emergence of modern Argentina, History of Argentina - The Great Depression and World War II, History of Argentina - The rise of Juan Perón, History of Argentina - Struggle between Peronist and anti-Peronist forces, History of Argentina - Perón returns from exile, History of Argentina - The Dirty War, History of Argentina - The return to democracy, History of Argentina - The 1990s, History of Argentina - The economic crisis, History of Argentina - The recovery, History of Argentina - Notes, History of Argentina - Reference, History of Argentina - External link Read more here: » History of Argentina: Encyclopedia II - History of Argentina - The recovery |
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| | | | | Peru-Bolivian Confederation: Encyclopedia II - Geography of Guyana - Facts Area:
total: 214,970 km²
land: 196,850 km²
water: 18,120 km²
Area - comparative: roughly the same size as Britain, slightly smaller than the US state of Idaho
Land boundaries:
total: 2,462 km
border countries: Brazil 1,119 km, Suriname 600 km, Venezuela 743 km
Coastline: 459 km
Maritime claims:
continental shelf: 200 nautical miles (370 km) or to the outer edge of the continental margin
exclusive fishing zone: 200 nautical miles (370 km)
t ...
See also:Geography of Guyana, Geography of Guyana - Terrain, Geography of Guyana - Hydrology, Geography of Guyana - Climate, Geography of Guyana - Facts, Geography of Guyana - Sources Read more here: » Geography of Guyana: Encyclopedia II - Geography of Guyana - Facts |
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| | | | | Peru-Bolivian Confederation: Encyclopedia II - History of Colombia - The National Front In July 1957, former Conservative President Laureano Gomez (1950-1953) and former Liberal President Alberto Lleras Camargo (1945-1946, 1958-1962) issued the "Declaration of Sitges," in which they proposed a "National Front," whereby the Liberal and Conservative parties would govern jointly. The presidency would be determined by regular elections every 4 years; the two parties would have parity in all other elective and appointive offices.
The National Front ended "La Violencia," and National Front administrations attempted to institut ...
See also:History of Colombia, History of Colombia - Pre-Columbian period, History of Colombia - Colonial times, History of Colombia - Struggle for independence, History of Colombia - The Republic, History of Colombia - The National Front, History of Colombia - Post-National Front years, History of Colombia - Post 1990, History of Colombia - Recent developments, History of Colombia - External link Read more here: » History of Colombia: Encyclopedia II - History of Colombia - The National Front |
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| | | | | Peru-Bolivian Confederation: Encyclopedia II - History of Colombia - The Republic Bolívar was elected first president of Greater Colombia and Francisco de Paula Santander, vice president.
As the Federation of Greater Colombia was dissolved in 1830, the Department of Cundinamarca (as established in Angostura) became a new country, the Republic of New Granada.
In 1863 the name of the Republic was changed officially to "United States of Colombia", and in 1886 adopted its present day name: "Republic of Colombia".
Two political parties grew out of conflicts between the followers of Bolivar and Santander a ...
See also:History of Colombia, History of Colombia - Pre-Columbian period, History of Colombia - Colonial times, History of Colombia - Struggle for independence, History of Colombia - The Republic, History of Colombia - The National Front, History of Colombia - Post-National Front years, History of Colombia - Post 1990, History of Colombia - Recent developments, History of Colombia - External link Read more here: » History of Colombia: Encyclopedia II - History of Colombia - The Republic |
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| | | | | Peru-Bolivian Confederation: Encyclopedia II - History of Colombia - Post 1990 Following administrations had to contend with the guerrillas, paramilitaries, narcotics traffickers and the violence and corruption that they all perpetuated, both through force and negotiation. Narcoterrorists assassinated three presidential candidates before César Gaviria Trujillo was elected in 1990. Since the death of Medellín cartel leader Pablo Escobar in a police shootout during December 1993, indiscriminate acts of violence associated with that organization have abated as the "cartels" have broken up into multiple, smaller and ofte ...
See also:History of Colombia, History of Colombia - Pre-Columbian period, History of Colombia - Colonial times, History of Colombia - Struggle for independence, History of Colombia - The Republic, History of Colombia - The National Front, History of Colombia - Post-National Front years, History of Colombia - Post 1990, History of Colombia - Recent developments, History of Colombia - External link Read more here: » History of Colombia: Encyclopedia II - History of Colombia - Post 1990 |
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| | | | | Peru-Bolivian Confederation: Encyclopedia II - History of Argentina - Struggle between Peronist and anti-Peronist forces Eduardo Lonardi held power only briefly and was succeeded by Pedro Aramburu, president from November 13, 1955 to May 1, 1958. In June 1956, two Peronist generals, Juan José Valle and Raul Tanco, attempted a coup against Aramburu, criticizing an important purge in the army, the abrogation of social reforms and persecution against trade-union leaders. They also demanded liberation of all political and labor activists and the return to the constitutional order. The uprising was quickly crushed, and General Valle and other members of the milita ...
See also:History of Argentina, History of Argentina - During the reign of the Inca, History of Argentina - Spanish colonial era, History of Argentina - Birth of the Argentine State, History of Argentina - The emergence of modern Argentina, History of Argentina - The Great Depression and World War II, History of Argentina - The rise of Juan Perón, History of Argentina - Struggle between Peronist and anti-Peronist forces, History of Argentina - Perón returns from exile, History of Argentina - The Dirty War, History of Argentina - The return to democracy, History of Argentina - The 1990s, History of Argentina - The economic crisis, History of Argentina - The recovery, History of Argentina - Notes, History of Argentina - Reference, History of Argentina - External link Read more here: » History of Argentina: Encyclopedia II - History of Argentina - Struggle between Peronist and anti-Peronist forces |
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| | | | | Peru-Bolivian Confederation: Encyclopedia II - History of Argentina - Perón returns from exile On March 11, 1973, Argentina held general elections for the first time in ten years. Perón was prevented from running, but voters elected his stand-in, Dr. Hector Cámpora, as President. Cámpora acceeded to his functions on May 25, 1973, which was saluted by a massive popular gathering of the Peronist Youth movement, Montoneros, FAR and FAP (Fuerzas Armadas Peronistas) in the Plaza de Mayo. Cámpora assumed a strong stance against right-wing Peronists, declaring during his first speech: La sangre derramada no será negociada ...
See also:History of Argentina, History of Argentina - During the reign of the Inca, History of Argentina - Spanish colonial era, History of Argentina - Birth of the Argentine State, History of Argentina - The emergence of modern Argentina, History of Argentina - The Great Depression and World War II, History of Argentina - The rise of Juan Perón, History of Argentina - Struggle between Peronist and anti-Peronist forces, History of Argentina - Perón returns from exile, History of Argentina - The Dirty War, History of Argentina - The return to democracy, History of Argentina - The 1990s, History of Argentina - The economic crisis, History of Argentina - The recovery, History of Argentina - Notes, History of Argentina - Reference, History of Argentina - External link Read more here: » History of Argentina: Encyclopedia II - History of Argentina - Perón returns from exile |
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| | | | | Peru-Bolivian Confederation: Encyclopedia II - History of Colombia - Recent developments As of 2004, two years after its implementation began, the security situation of inside Colombia has suffered some measure of an improvement and the economy, while still fragile, has also shown some positive signs according to observers, but relatively little has yet to have been accomplished in structurally solving most of the country's other grave problems, possibly in part due to legislative and political conflicts between the administration and the Colombian Congress (including those over the controversial project to eventually re-elect Uribe), ...
See also:History of Colombia, History of Colombia - Pre-Columbian period, History of Colombia - Colonial times, History of Colombia - Struggle for independence, History of Colombia - The Republic, History of Colombia - The National Front, History of Colombia - Post-National Front years, History of Colombia - Post 1990, History of Colombia - Recent developments, History of Colombia - External link Read more here: » History of Colombia: Encyclopedia II - History of Colombia - Recent developments |
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| | | | | Peru-Bolivian Confederation: Encyclopedia II - Geography of Ecuador - Drainage Almost all of the rivers in Ecuador rise in the Sierra region and flow east toward the Amazon River or west toward the Pacific Ocean. The rivers rise from snowmelt at the edges of the snowcapped peaks or from the abundant precipitation that falls at higher elevations. In the Sierra region, the streams and rivers are narrow and flow rapidly over precipitous slopes. Rivers may slow and widen as they cross the hoyas yet become rapid again as they flow from the heights of the Andes to the lower elevations of the other regions. The highland rivers broaden as they enter t ...
See also:Geography of Ecuador, Geography of Ecuador - Area, Geography of Ecuador - Land boundaries, Geography of Ecuador - Maritime claims, Geography of Ecuador - Cities, Geography of Ecuador - Geographical regions, Geography of Ecuador - Galápagos Islands, Geography of Ecuador - La Costa the coast, Geography of Ecuador - La Sierra the highlands, Geography of Ecuador - El Oriente the East, Geography of Ecuador - Drainage, Geography of Ecuador - Climate, Geography of Ecuador - Elevation extremes, Geography of Ecuador - Natural resources, Geography of Ecuador - Land use, Geography of Ecuador - Irrigated land, Geography of Ecuador - Natural hazards, Geography of Ecuador - Environment - current issues, Geography of Ecuador - Environment - international agreements, Geography of Ecuador - Geography - note, Geography of Ecuador - Sources Read more here: » Geography of Ecuador: Encyclopedia II - Geography of Ecuador - Drainage |
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| | | | | Peru-Bolivian Confederation: Encyclopedia II - Culture of Colombia - Society Due to Economic instability and high unemployeement over the last century or so, Colombia has developed a huge rift between two economic classes (Low and High) with an almost nonexistant middle class.
The Amerindian peoples of Colombia's southern regions, near the Brazilian border, live in huts of thatched palm. In the capital, Bogotá is where about 7.7 million people live of the 44 million habitants. There are other important ci ...
See also:Culture of Colombia, Culture of Colombia - Geography, Culture of Colombia - Religion, Culture of Colombia - Family, Culture of Colombia - Society, Culture of Colombia - Manners and Communication, Culture of Colombia - Entertainment, Culture of Colombia - Cuisine, Culture of Colombia - Art and Literature Read more here: » Culture of Colombia: Encyclopedia II - Culture of Colombia - Society |
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