Personality psychology is a branch of psychology which studies personality and individual difference processes - that which makes us into a person. One emphasis in personality psychology is on trying to create a coherent picture of a person and all his or her major psychological processes. Another emphasis views personality psychology as the study of individual differences. These two views work together in practice. Personality psychologists are interested in a broad view of the individual's psychological processes. This often leads t ...

Including:

• Personality psychology - What is personality?
• Personality psychology - A typology of personality models
• Personality psychology - Personality theories
• Personality psychology - Trait theories
• Personality psychology - Psychodynamic theories
• Personality psychology - Behaviorist theories
• Personality psychology - Cognitive and social-cognitive theories
• Personality psychology - Humanistic theories
• Personality psychology - Other theories
• Personality psychology - Personality tests
• Personality psychology - Brain Research

Read more here: » Personality psychology: Encyclopedia - Personality psychology

Including:

• Psychotherapy - General description
• Psychotherapy - History
• Psychotherapy - Psychoanalysis
• Psychotherapy - Cognitive
• Psychotherapy - Humanistic
• Psychotherapy - Behavioral
• Psychotherapy - Brief counseling
• Psychotherapy - Schools and approaches
• Psychotherapy - Therapeutic Relationship
• Psychotherapy - Criticism
• Psychotherapy - Related lists

Read more here: » Psychotherapy: Encyclopedia - Psychotherapy

Jungian psychology is a theory developed by Carl Gustav Jung, and is central to the Neopsychoanalytic school of psychology. Jungian psychology is geared largely toward the nature of symbolism and the effects of attachment upon the ability of people to live their lives in ignorance of their deeper "symbolic" natures. His ideas center around the understanding that a symbol loses its symbolic power when it is "attached" to a static meaning. The attached, and therefore static meaning renders an amorphous symbol (like the sphere or the our ...

Including:

• Jungian psychology - Key terms
• Jungian psychology - Clinical theories

Read more here: » Jungian psychology: Encyclopedia - Jungian psychology

Psychoanalysis is a family of psychological theories and methods within the field of psychotherapy that seeks to elucidate connections among unconscious components of patients' mental processes, and to do so in a systematic way through a process of tracing out associations. In classical psychoanalysis, the fundamental subject matter of psychoanalysis is the unconscious patterns of life as they become revealed through the analysand's (the patient's) free associations. The analyst's goal is to help liberate the analysand from unexamined ...

Including:

• Psychoanalysis - History
• Psychoanalysis - Theories
• Psychoanalysis - The topographical model
• Psychoanalysis - The structural model
• Psychoanalysis - The economic model
• Psychoanalysis - The conflict model
• Psychoanalysis - The object-relational model
• Psychoanalysis - The intersubjective model
• Psychoanalysis - Techniques
• Psychoanalysis - Cost and length
• Psychoanalysis - Training
• Psychoanalysis - Other definitions
• Psychoanalysis - Psychoanalyses in groups
• Psychoanalysis - Cultural Adaptations
• Psychoanalysis - Adaptations for age and managed care
• Psychoanalysis - Play Therapy for different ages
• Psychoanalysis - Other play therapy techniques
• Psychoanalysis - Criticisms
• Psychoanalysis - Online papers about psychoanalytic theory
• Psychoanalysis - Online papers and links about psychoanalytic research
• Psychoanalysis - Critiques of psychoanalysis

Read more here: » Psychoanalysis: Encyclopedia - Psychoanalysis

Kundalini is derived from a Sanskrit word meaning either "coiled up" or "coiling like a snake". There are a number of other translations of the term usually emphasizing a more serpent nature to the word— e.g. 'serpent power'. The caduceus symbol of coiling snakes is thought to be an ancient symbolic representation of Kundalini physiology. The concept of Kundalini comes from Yogic philosophy of ancient India and refers to the mothering intelligence behind yogic awakening and spiritual maturation (Sovatsky, 1998). It mig ...

Including:

• Kundalini - Historical source text
• Kundalini - The interpretation of Kundalini
• Kundalini - Kundalini Yoga
• Kundalini - Kundalini in the world's religions
• Kundalini - Kundalini rising
• Kundalini - The Kundalini Syndrome
• Kundalini - Kundalini and development
• Kundalini - Kundalini and physiology
• Kundalini - Pathological Kundalini

Read more here: » Kundalini: Encyclopedia - Kundalini

Brainwashing or thought reform is the application of coercive techniques to change the beliefs or behavior of one or more people for political purposes. Whether any techniques at all exist that will actually work to change thought and behavior to the degree that the term "brainwashing" connotes is a controversial and at times hotly debated question. Brainwashing - Origin of the term. The term "brainwashing" is a relatively new term in the English language. Before 1950, it did not exist. Earlier forms ...

Including:

• Brainwashing - Origin of the term
• Brainwashing - Present use of the term
• Brainwashing - Political brainwashing
• Brainwashing - Studies of the Korean War
• Brainwashing - The use of coercive persuasion techniques in China
• Brainwashing - Refutation of political brainwashing
• Brainwashing - Brainwashing controversy in new religious movements and cults
• Brainwashing - The APA and the brainwashing theories
• Brainwashing - Varying brainwashing concepts
• Brainwashing - Other voices
• Brainwashing - Brainwashing in fiction
• Brainwashing - Glossary
• Brainwashing - Bibliography

Read more here: » Brainwashing: Encyclopedia - Brainwashing

In religion and sociology, a cult is a cohesive group of people (often a relatively small and new religious movement) devoted to beliefs or practices that the surrounding culture or society considers to be far outside the mainstream. Its marginal status may come about either due to its novel belief system or because of its idiosyncratic practices. In common usage, "cult" has a negative connotation, and is generally applied to a group by its opponents, for a variety of possible reasons. Cult - Definitions ...

Including:

• Cult - Definitions of cult
• Cult - Definition of cult in dictionaries
• Cult - Definition by the Christian countercult movement
• Cult - Definition by secular cult opposition
• Cult - Points of view regarding definitions
• Cult - Cult NRM and the sociology and psychology of religion
• Cult - Christianity and Cults
• Cult - Cults and terrorism
• Cult - Theories about the reasons for joining a cult
• Cult - Cult leadership
• Cult - Development of cults
• Cult - Relationships with the outside world
• Cult - Cults: genuine concerns and exaggerations
• Cult - Stigmatization and discrimination
• Cult - Leaving a cult
• Cult - Criticism by former members of purported cults
• Cult - Allegations made by scholars and skeptics
• Cult - Other allegations
• Cult - Prevalence of purported cults
• Cult - Cults and governments
• Cult - Bibliography
• Cult - Books
• Cult - Articles

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Psychoanalysis was the earliest form of psychotherapy, but many other theories and techniques are also now used by psychotherapists, psychologists, psychiatrists, personal growth facilitators and social workers. Techniques for group therapy have been developed. While behaviour is often a target of the work, many approaches value working with feelings and thoughts. This is especially true of the psychodynamic schools of psychotherapy, which today include Jungian therapy and Psychodrama as well as the psychoanalytic schools. Other appro ...

See also:

Psychotherapy, Psychotherapy - General description, Psychotherapy - History, Psychotherapy - Psychoanalysis, Psychotherapy - Cognitive, Psychotherapy - Humanistic, Psychotherapy - Behavioral, Psychotherapy - Brief counseling, Psychotherapy - Schools and approaches, Psychotherapy - Therapeutic Relationship, Psychotherapy - Criticism, Psychotherapy - Related lists

Read more here: » Psychotherapy: Encyclopedia II - Psychotherapy - Schools and approaches

Psychoanalysis - Critiques of psychoanalysis. Erwin, Edward, A Final Accounting: Philosophical and Empirical Issues in Freudian Psychology ISBN 0262050501 Gellner, Ernest, The Psychoanalytic Movement: The Cunning of Unreason. A critical view of Freudian theory. ISBN 0810113708 Grünbaum, Adolf, The Foundations of Psychoanalysis: A Philosophical Critique ISBN 0520050177 Macmillan, Malcolm, and Frederick Crews, Freud Evaluated: The Completed Arc ISBN 0262631717 ...

See also:

Psychoanalysis, Psychoanalysis - History, Psychoanalysis - Theories, Psychoanalysis - The topographical model, Psychoanalysis - The structural model, Psychoanalysis - The economic model, Psychoanalysis - The conflict model, Psychoanalysis - The object-relational model, Psychoanalysis - The intersubjective model, Psychoanalysis - Techniques, Psychoanalysis - Cost and length, Psychoanalysis - Training, Psychoanalysis - Other definitions, Psychoanalysis - Psychoanalyses in groups, Psychoanalysis - Cultural Adaptations, Psychoanalysis - Adaptations for age and managed care, Psychoanalysis - Play Therapy for different ages, Psychoanalysis - Other play therapy techniques, Psychoanalysis - Criticisms, Psychoanalysis - Online papers about psychoanalytic theory, Psychoanalysis - Online papers and links about psychoanalytic research, Psychoanalysis - Critiques of psychoanalysis

Read more here: » Psychoanalysis: Encyclopedia II - Psychoanalysis - Online papers and links about psychoanalytic research

Psychoanalysis - Critiques of psychoanalysis. Erwin, Edward, A Final Accounting: Philosophical and Empirical Issues in Freudian Psychology ISBN 0262050501 Gellner, Ernest, The Psychoanalytic Movement: The Cunning of Unreason. A critical view of Freudian theory. ISBN 0810113708 Grünbaum, Adolf, The Foundations of Psychoanalysis: A Philosophical Critique ISBN 0520050177 Macmillan, Malcolm, and Frederick Crews, Freud Evaluated: The Completed Arc ISBN 0262 ...

See also:

Psychoanalysis, Psychoanalysis - History, Psychoanalysis - Theories, Psychoanalysis - The topographical model, Psychoanalysis - The structural model, Psychoanalysis - The economic model, Psychoanalysis - The conflict model, Psychoanalysis - The object-relational model, Psychoanalysis - The intersubjective model, Psychoanalysis - Techniques, Psychoanalysis - Cost and length, Psychoanalysis - Training, Psychoanalysis - Other definitions, Psychoanalysis - Psychoanalyses in groups, Psychoanalysis - Cultural Adaptations, Psychoanalysis - Adaptations for age and managed care, Psychoanalysis - Play Therapy for different ages, Psychoanalysis - Other play therapy techniques, Psychoanalysis - Criticisms, Psychoanalysis - Online papers about psychoanalytic theory, Psychoanalysis - Online papers and links about psychoanalytic research, Psychoanalysis - Critiques of psychoanalysis

Read more here: » Psychoanalysis: Encyclopedia II - Psychoanalysis - Online papers and links about psychoanalytic research

The basic method of psychoanalysis is the transference and resistance analysis of free association. The patient, in a relaxed posture, is directed to say whatever comes to mind. Dreams, hopes, wishes, and fantasies are of interest, as are recollections of early family life. Generally the analyst simply listens, making comments only when, in his or her professional judgment, an opportunity for insight on the part of the patient arises. In listening, the analyst attempts to maintain an attitude of empathic neutrality, a nonjudgmental stance de ...

See also:

Psychoanalysis, Psychoanalysis - History, Psychoanalysis - Theories, Psychoanalysis - The topographical model, Psychoanalysis - The structural model, Psychoanalysis - The economic model, Psychoanalysis - The conflict model, Psychoanalysis - The object-relational model, Psychoanalysis - The intersubjective model, Psychoanalysis - Techniques, Psychoanalysis - Cost and length, Psychoanalysis - Training, Psychoanalysis - Other definitions, Psychoanalysis - Psychoanalyses in groups, Psychoanalysis - Cultural Adaptations, Psychoanalysis - Adaptations for age and managed care, Psychoanalysis - Play Therapy for different ages, Psychoanalysis - Other play therapy techniques, Psychoanalysis - Criticisms, Psychoanalysis - Online papers about psychoanalytic theory, Psychoanalysis - Online papers and links about psychoanalytic research, Psychoanalysis - Critiques of psychoanalysis

Read more here: » Psychoanalysis: Encyclopedia II - Psychoanalysis - Techniques

Given that psychotherapy is restricted to conversations, practitioners do not have to be medically qualified. In most countries, however, psychotherapists must be trained, certified and licensed with a range of different licensing schemes and qualification requirements in place around the world. Psychotherapists may be psychologists, social workers, trained nurses, psychiatrists, psychoanalysts, counselors, or professionals of other mental health disciplines. Psychiatrists' training focuses on the prescription of medicines, with some trainin ...

See also:

Psychotherapy, Psychotherapy - General description, Psychotherapy - History, Psychotherapy - Psychoanalysis, Psychotherapy - Cognitive, Psychotherapy - Humanistic, Psychotherapy - Behavioral, Psychotherapy - Brief counseling, Psychotherapy - Schools and approaches, Psychotherapy - Therapeutic Relationship, Psychotherapy - Criticism, Psychotherapy - Related lists

Read more here: » Psychotherapy: Encyclopedia II - Psychotherapy - General description

Social psychology has close ties with the other social sciences, especially sociology and psychology. It also has very strong ties to the field of social philosophy. Sociology is the study of group behavior and human societies, with emphasis on the structures of societies and the processes of social influence. Includes all organizational behavior. Psychology is the study of the underlying psychological processes that make all behaviors and experiences possible. Some examples of the things it seeks t ...

See also:

Social psychology, Social psychology - Subfields, Social psychology - SP's three angles of research, Social psychology - The concerns of social psychology, Social psychology - Empirical methods and Social philosophy, Social psychology - Methodology, Social psychology - The Methodology Wars and social philosophy, Social psychology - Relation to other fields, Social psychology - Relevant issues in social philosophy, Social psychology - Relevant issues in psychology, Social psychology - Relevant issues in sociology, Social psychology - Major perspectives in social psychology, Social psychology - Social psychological theories, Social psychology - Social elements of the individual, Social psychology - The social psychology of interaction, Social psychology - The psychological elements of collectives, Social psychology - Well-known cases studies and related works, Social psychology - Related topics

Read more here: » Social psychology: Encyclopedia II - Social psychology - Relation to other fields

Social psychology - Methodology. Social psychology involves the empirical study of social behavior and psychological processes associated with social cognition, social behavior, and groups. It makes use of both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. European social psychology tends to be more interested in qualitative methods than is the case in the U.S. Quantitative methods include surveys, controlled experiments, and mathematical modelling. Qualitative methods include naturalistic observation / fiel ...

See also:

Social psychology, Social psychology - Subfields, Social psychology - SP's three angles of research, Social psychology - The concerns of social psychology, Social psychology - Empirical methods and Social philosophy, Social psychology - Methodology, Social psychology - The Methodology Wars and social philosophy, Social psychology - Relation to other fields, Social psychology - Relevant issues in social philosophy, Social psychology - Relevant issues in psychology, Social psychology - Relevant issues in sociology, Social psychology - Major perspectives in social psychology, Social psychology - Social psychological theories, Social psychology - Social elements of the individual, Social psychology - The social psychology of interaction, Social psychology - The psychological elements of collectives, Social psychology - Well-known cases studies and related works, Social psychology - Related topics

Read more here: » Social psychology: Encyclopedia II - Social psychology - Empirical methods and Social philosophy

Most psychotherapies are either direct descendants of psychoanalysis, or their founders started out in areas of psychoanalysis before developing their own theories. Therefore, when describing the history of psychotherapy, most traditionally start with Freud. Psychotherapy - Psychoanalysis. Although there are some bodies of thought in psychology without Sigmund Freud in their legacy, most can be traced back to his work starting in the 1880s in Vienna. Trained as a neurologist, Freud began noticing neurologi ...

See also:

Psychotherapy, Psychotherapy - General description, Psychotherapy - History, Psychotherapy - Psychoanalysis, Psychotherapy - Cognitive, Psychotherapy - Humanistic, Psychotherapy - Behavioral, Psychotherapy - Brief counseling, Psychotherapy - Schools and approaches, Psychotherapy - Therapeutic Relationship, Psychotherapy - Criticism, Psychotherapy - Related lists

Read more here: » Psychotherapy: Encyclopedia II - Psychotherapy - History

Psychonalysis has been criticized on a variety of grounds by Karl Popper, Adolf Grünbaum, Peter Medawar, Ernest Gellner, Frank Cioffi, Frederick Crews, and others. Popper argues that it is not scientific because it is not falsifiable. Grünbaum argues that it is falsifiable, and in fact turns out to be false. Exchanges between critics and defenders of psychoanalysis have often been so heated that they have come ...

See also:

Psychoanalysis, Psychoanalysis - History, Psychoanalysis - Theories, Psychoanalysis - The topographical model, Psychoanalysis - The structural model, Psychoanalysis - The economic model, Psychoanalysis - The conflict model, Psychoanalysis - The object-relational model, Psychoanalysis - The intersubjective model, Psychoanalysis - Techniques, Psychoanalysis - Cost and length, Psychoanalysis - Training, Psychoanalysis - Other definitions, Psychoanalysis - Psychoanalyses in groups, Psychoanalysis - Cultural Adaptations, Psychoanalysis - Adaptations for age and managed care, Psychoanalysis - Play Therapy for different ages, Psychoanalysis - Other play therapy techniques, Psychoanalysis - Criticisms, Psychoanalysis - Online papers about psychoanalytic theory, Psychoanalysis - Online papers and links about psychoanalytic research, Psychoanalysis - Critiques of psychoanalysis

Read more here: » Psychoanalysis: Encyclopedia II - Psychoanalysis - Criticisms

Social psychology attempts to understand the relationship between minds, groups, and behaviors in three general ways. First, it tries to see how the thoughts, feelings and behaviors of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of other(s) (Allport 3). This includes social perception, social interaction, and the many kinds of social influence (like trust, power, and persuasion). Gaining insight into the social psychology of persons involves looking at the influences that individuals ha ...

See also:

Social psychology, Social psychology - Subfields, Social psychology - SP's three angles of research, Social psychology - The concerns of social psychology, Social psychology - Empirical methods and Social philosophy, Social psychology - Methodology, Social psychology - The Methodology Wars and social philosophy, Social psychology - Relation to other fields, Social psychology - Relevant issues in social philosophy, Social psychology - Relevant issues in psychology, Social psychology - Relevant issues in sociology, Social psychology - Major perspectives in social psychology, Social psychology - Social psychological theories, Social psychology - Social elements of the individual, Social psychology - The social psychology of interaction, Social psychology - The psychological elements of collectives, Social psychology - Well-known cases studies and related works, Social psychology - Related topics

Read more here: » Social psychology: Encyclopedia II - Social psychology - SP's three angles of research

Social psychology - Methodology. Social psychology involves the empirical study of social behavior and psychological processes associated with social cognition, social behavior, and groups. It makes use of both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. European social psychology tends to be more interested in qualitative methods than is the case in the U.S. Quantitative methods include surveys, controlled experiments, and mathematical modelling. Qualitative methods include naturalistic observation / fiel ...

See also:

Social psychology, Social psychology - Subfields, Social psychology - Angles of research, Social psychology - The concerns of social psychology, Social psychology - Empirical methods and Social philosophy, Social psychology - Methodology, Social psychology - The Methodology Wars and social philosophy, Social psychology - Relation to other fields, Social psychology - Major perspectives in social psychology, Social psychology - Social psychological theories, Social psychology - Social elements of the individual, Social psychology - The social psychology of interaction, Social psychology - The psychological elements of collectives, Social psychology - Well-known cases studies and related works

Read more here: » Social psychology: Encyclopedia II - Social psychology - Empirical methods and Social philosophy

Psychoanalysis is: A therapeutic technique for the treatment of neurosis. A technique used to train psychoanalysts. A basic requirement of psychoanalytic training is to undergo a successful analysis. A technique of critical observation. The successors and contemporaries of Freud—Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, Wilhelm Reich, Melanie Klein, Wilfred Bion, Jacques Lacan, and many others—have developed Freud's theories and advanced new theories using the basic method of quiet critical observation and study of individu ...

See also:

Psychoanalysis, Psychoanalysis - History, Psychoanalysis - Theories, Psychoanalysis - The topographical model, Psychoanalysis - The structural model, Psychoanalysis - The economic model, Psychoanalysis - The conflict model, Psychoanalysis - The object-relational model, Psychoanalysis - The intersubjective model, Psychoanalysis - Techniques, Psychoanalysis - Cost and length, Psychoanalysis - Training, Psychoanalysis - Other definitions, Psychoanalysis - Psychoanalyses in groups, Psychoanalysis - Cultural Adaptations, Psychoanalysis - Adaptations for age and managed care, Psychoanalysis - Play Therapy for different ages, Psychoanalysis - Other play therapy techniques, Psychoanalysis - Criticisms, Psychoanalysis - Online papers about psychoanalytic theory, Psychoanalysis - Online papers and links about psychoanalytic research, Psychoanalysis - Critiques of psychoanalysis

Read more here: » Psychoanalysis: Encyclopedia II - Psychoanalysis - Other definitions

Jung is best known for his term "archetype" which connotes a structural view of psychological life. The term archetype can be understood as quite similar to — and was probably directly influenced by — Kant's term "a priori." Jung often seemed to view the archetypes as sorts of psychological organs, directly analogous to our physical, bodily organs: both being morphological givens for the species; both arising at least partially through evolutionary processes. Current Jungian-influenced thinking has explored nearly diametrically opposing ...

See also:

Jungian psychology, Jungian psychology - Key terms, Jungian psychology - Clinical theories

Read more here: » Jungian psychology: Encyclopedia II - Jungian psychology - Key terms