Personality psychology is a branch of psychology which studies personality and individual difference processes - that which makes us into a person. One emphasis in personality psychology is on trying to create a coherent picture of a person and all his or her major psychological processes. Another emphasis views personality psychology as the study of individual differences. These two views work together in practice. Personality psychologists are interested in a broad view of the individual's psychological processes. This often leads t ...

Including:

• Personality psychology - What is personality?
• Personality psychology - A typology of personality models
• Personality psychology - Personality theories
• Personality psychology - Trait theories
• Personality psychology - Psychodynamic theories
• Personality psychology - Behaviorist theories
• Personality psychology - Cognitive and social-cognitive theories
• Personality psychology - Humanistic theories
• Personality psychology - Other theories
• Personality psychology - Personality tests
• Personality psychology - Brain Research

Read more here: » Personality psychology: Encyclopedia - Personality psychology

See also:

Personality psychology, Personality psychology - What is personality?, Personality psychology - A typology of personality models, Personality psychology - Personality theories, Personality psychology - Trait theories, Personality psychology - Psychoanalytic theories, Personality psychology - Behaviorist theories, Personality psychology - Cognitive and social-cognitive theories, Personality psychology - Humanistic theories, Personality psychology - Other theories, Personality psychology - Personality tests, Personality psychology - Brain Research

Read more here: » Personality psychology: Encyclopedia II - Personality psychology - Personality theories

Modern personality models may generally be broken into three types: factorial models, typologies and circumplexes. Factorial models posit that there are dimensions along which human personality differs. The main purpose of a personality model is thus to define the dimensions of personality. Factor analysis is a primary tool of theorists composing factorial models. Such models arise directly from a classical individual differences approach to the study of human personality. Goldberg's Big Five ...

See also:

Personality psychology, Personality psychology - What is personality?, Personality psychology - A typology of personality models, Personality psychology - Personality theories, Personality psychology - Trait theories, Personality psychology - Psychoanalytic theories, Personality psychology - Behaviorist theories, Personality psychology - Cognitive and social-cognitive theories, Personality psychology - Humanistic theories, Personality psychology - Other theories, Personality psychology - Personality tests, Personality psychology - Brain Research

Read more here: » Personality psychology: Encyclopedia II - Personality psychology - A typology of personality models

Empathy is the recognition and understanding of the states of mind, beliefs, desires, and, particularly, emotions of others. It is often characterized as the ability to "put oneself into another one's shoes", or experiencing the outlook or emotions of another being within oneself; a sort of emotional resonance. Empathy - Background. While the ability to imagine oneself as another person is a sophisticated imaginative process that only fully develops later on in life, the roots of this ability are probably i ...

Including:

• Empathy - Background
• Empathy - Contrasting empathy to other phenomena
• Empathy - Psychological perspectives
• Empathy - Empathy and Autism Spectrum Disorders
• Empathy - Empathy in animals
• Empathy - Organic basis
• Empathy - Development of empathy
• Empathy - Other aspects
• Empathy - Fiction
• Empathy - Bibliography

Read more here: » Empathy: Encyclopedia - Empathy

Attachment theory is a theory (or group of theories) about the psychological concept of attachment: the tendency to seek closeness to another person and feel secure when that person is present. Attachment theory has its origins in observation of and experiments with animals. Much early research on attachment in humans was done by John Bowlby and his associates. Attachment theory assumes that humans are social beings; they do not just use other people to satisfy their drives. In this way, attachment theory is similar to object r ...

Including:

• Attachment theory - Attachment of Young Monkeys to Their Mother
• Attachment theory - Attachment of Children to Caregivers
• Attachment theory - The Strange Situation
• Attachment theory - Attachment Styles
• Attachment theory - Attachment in intimate relationships

Read more here: » Attachment theory: Encyclopedia - Attachment theory

Praise is the act of making positive statements about a person, object or idea, either in public or privately. Praise is often contrasted with criticism, where the latter is held to mean exclusively negative statements made about something, although this is not technically correct. Most people are responsive to praise and will increase in self-esteem or confidence if a suitable amount of praise is received -- in fact some psychological theories hold that a person's life is comprised largely of attempts to win praise for their actions. Other people are less affected or even totally indifferent to praise, for example people

Read more here: » Praise: Encyclopedia - Praise

In psychology, the Big Five personality traits denotes a certain approach to the theory of personality. Big five personality traits - Overview. The big five personality traits can be summarized as follows: Neuroticism - A tendency to easily experience unpleasant emotions such as anxiety, anger, or depression. Extroversion - Energy, surgency, and the tendency to seek stimulation and the company of others. Agreeableness - A tendency to be compassionate and coopperativ ...

Including:

• Big five personality traits - Overview
• Big five personality traits - Origins
• Big five personality traits - Hiatus in research
• Big five personality traits - Personal computers
• Big five personality traits - Statistical aggregation
• Big five personality traits - The Big Five
• Big five personality traits - Emergence of the current model
• Big five personality traits - The Factors
• Big five personality traits - Extraversion or Surgency
• Big five personality traits - Agreeableness
• Big five personality traits - Conscientiousness
• Big five personality traits - Neuroticism or inversely Emotional Stability
• Big five personality traits - Openness to Experience
• Big five personality traits - Significance
• Big five personality traits - Scientific findings
• Big five personality traits - Weaknesses
• Big five personality traits - Further research

Read more here: » Big five personality traits: Encyclopedia - Big five personality traits

Attitude is a key concept in social psychology. In academic psychology parlance, attitudes are positive or negative views of an "attitude object": a person, behaviour, or event. Research has shown that people can also be "ambivalent" towards a target, meaning that they simultaneously possess a positive and a negative attitude towards it. There is also a great deal of new research emerging on "implicit" attitudes, which are essentially attitudes that people are not consciously aware of, but that can be revealed through sophisticated ex ...

Read more here: » Attitude psychology: Encyclopedia - Attitude psychology

Psychology (ancient Greek: psyche = "soul" or "mind", logos/-ology = "study of") is an academic and applied field involving the study of mind and behavior. "Psychology" also refers to the application of such knowledge to various spheres of human activity, including problems of individuals' daily lives and the treatment of mental illness. Psychology differs from sociology, anthropology, economics, and political science in part because it involves studying the mental processes and behavior of individuals (alone or i ...

Including:

• Psychology - History
• Psychology - Principles of psychology
• Psychology - Mind and brain
• Psychology - Schools of thought
• Psychology - Scope of psychology
• Psychology - Biological basis: the brain
• Psychology - Information processing: the mind
• Psychology - Change over time: development
• Psychology - Interaction with others
• Psychology - Study of animals in psychology
• Psychology - Mental health
• Psychology - Applied psychology
• Psychology - Research methods
• Psychology - Controlled experiments
• Psychology - Correlational studies
• Psychology - Longitudinal studies
• Psychology - Neuropsychological methods
• Psychology - Computational modeling
• Psychology - Criticisms of psychology

Read more here: » Psychology: Encyclopedia - Psychology

Cognitive psychology is the psychological science that studies cognition, the mental processes that underlie behavior, including thinking, deciding, reasoning, and to some extent motivation and emotion. This covers a broad range of research domains, examining questions about the workings of memory, attention, perception, knowledge representation, reasoning, creativity and problem solving. The term came into use with the publication of the book Cognitive Psychology by Ulric Neisser in 1967. There he gives a very broad definition ...

Including:

• Cognitive psychology - Major research areas in cognitive psychology
• Cognitive psychology - Famous and/or influential cognitive psychologists
• Cognitive psychology - Related lists

Read more here: » Cognitive psychology: Encyclopedia - Cognitive psychology

The term Transpersonal is often used to refer to psychological categories that transcend the normal features of ordinary ego-functioning. That is, stages of psychological growth, or stages of consciousness, that move beyond the rational and precedes the mystical. The term is highly associated with the work of Abraham Maslow and his understanding of "peak experiences", and was first adapted by the human potential movement in the 1960's. Among the psychologial sciences that have studied transpersonal phenomena we find the schools of Tra ...

Read more here: » Transpersonal: Encyclopedia - Transpersonal

The definition below should be read as particular to a US-American reading of community psychology. More specifically, it is probably a US-American reading of community psychology from a clinical psychological perspective. There are a number of other ways of defining community psychology which, as more community psychologists access this page, will hopefully be offered in the future. Presently, there are networks of community psychologists in Africa, Asia, Australasia, North and South America, for example. Each network, in each continent, an ...

Read more here: » Community psychology: Encyclopedia - Community psychology

Analytical psychology (also known as Depth Psychology, Archetypal Psychology, Dream Analysis, or Jungian Analysis) is based upon the movement started by Carl Jung and his followers as distinct from Freudian psychoanalysis. Its aim is the personal experience of the deep forces and motivations underlying human behavior. Analytical psychology - Assumptions. The basic assumption is that the personal unconscious is a potent part — probably the more active part — of the normal human psyche. Reliable communica ...

Including:

• Analytical psychology - Assumptions
• Analytical psychology - Psychological types
• Analytical psychology - Post-Jung
• Analytical psychology - Classical school
• Analytical psychology - Developmental school
• Analytical psychology - Archetypal school

Read more here: » Analytical psychology: Encyclopedia - Analytical psychology

The term Choice Theory is closely associated with the work of Dr. William Glasser, MD, author of the book so named, and is the culmination of some 50 years of theory and practice in psychology and counseling. Choice theory is also a discipline of analyzing the mathematical nature of the choice behavior of economic agents in microeconomics. For choice theory in economics, see rational choice theory. Choice Theory posits that behavior is central to our existence and is driven by five genetically driven needs, similar to those of Maslow: Survival (food, clothing, sh ...

Read more here: » Choice theory: Encyclopedia - Choice theory

In copyright law, attribution is the requirement that authors be given credit for their work in any context in which it is used. It is required by most copyright and copyleft licenses, such as GNUFDL and CC-by. Attribution is often considered the most basic of requirements made by a license, as it allows an author to accumulate a positive reputation that partially repays their work and prevents others fro ...

Read more here: » Attribution: Encyclopedia - Attribution

Social psychology attempts to understand the relationship between minds, groups, and behaviors in three general ways. First, it tries to see how the thoughts, feelings and behaviors of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of other(s) (Allport 3). This includes social perception, social interaction, and the many kinds of social influence (like trust, power, and persuasion). Gaining insight into the social psychology of persons involves looking at the influences that individuals ha ...

See also:

Social psychology, Social psychology - Subfields, Social psychology - Angles of research, Social psychology - The concerns of social psychology, Social psychology - Empirical methods and Social philosophy, Social psychology - Methodology, Social psychology - The Methodology Wars and social philosophy, Social psychology - Relation to other fields, Social psychology - Major perspectives in social psychology, Social psychology - Social psychological theories, Social psychology - Social elements of the individual, Social psychology - The social psychology of interaction, Social psychology - The psychological elements of collectives, Social psychology - Well-known cases studies and related works

Read more here: » Social psychology: Encyclopedia II - Social psychology - Angles of research

Some of the theories and topics within social psychology address issues which apply to individuals within an interaction, and some discuss the internal makeup and behavior of groups. Social psychology - Social elements of the individual. To many theorists, the locus of interest lies in actors, actions, and interactions between persons. But before any research can be done on those issues, the basic points of discussion that are involved in the above topics need to be laid out ...

See also:

Social psychology, Social psychology - Subfields, Social psychology - Angles of research, Social psychology - The concerns of social psychology, Social psychology - Empirical methods and Social philosophy, Social psychology - Methodology, Social psychology - The Methodology Wars and social philosophy, Social psychology - Relation to other fields, Social psychology - Major perspectives in social psychology, Social psychology - Social psychological theories, Social psychology - Social elements of the individual, Social psychology - The social psychology of interaction, Social psychology - The psychological elements of collectives, Social psychology - Well-known cases studies and related works

Read more here: » Social psychology: Encyclopedia II - Social psychology - Social psychological theories

Social psychology - Methodology. Social psychology involves the empirical study of social behavior and psychological processes associated with social cognition, social behavior, and groups. It makes use of both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. European social psychology tends to be more interested in qualitative methods than is the case in the U.S. Quantitative methods include surveys, controlled experiments, and mathematical modelling. Qualitative methods include naturalistic observation / fiel ...

See also:

Social psychology, Social psychology - Subfields, Social psychology - Angles of research, Social psychology - The concerns of social psychology, Social psychology - Empirical methods and Social philosophy, Social psychology - Methodology, Social psychology - The Methodology Wars and social philosophy, Social psychology - Relation to other fields, Social psychology - Major perspectives in social psychology, Social psychology - Social psychological theories, Social psychology - Social elements of the individual, Social psychology - The social psychology of interaction, Social psychology - The psychological elements of collectives, Social psychology - Well-known cases studies and related works

Read more here: » Social psychology: Encyclopedia II - Social psychology - Empirical methods and Social philosophy

Classic Readings on Prejudice and Intergroup Relations * Allport, G.W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. New York: Doubleday. Description: With this book, Gordon Allport put forth one of the most influential theories of prejudice reduction, known as the Contact Hypothesis. The basic idea behind the Contact Hypothesis is that increasing contact between members of different groups is the foundation for reducing intergroup hostility. This book is important for many other reasons as well, and is recommended reading for anyone interested in the areas of prejudi ...

See also:

List of publications in psychology, List of publications in psychology - Introducing Psychology, List of publications in psychology - Introducing Psychology, List of publications in psychology - Principles of Psychology, List of publications in psychology - Psychoanalysis and psychotherapy, List of publications in psychology - The Interpretation of Dreams, List of publications in psychology - Personality, List of publications in psychology - A Theory of Human Motivation, List of publications in psychology - Behaviorism, List of publications in psychology - Psychology as the behaviorist views it, List of publications in psychology - Cognitivism, List of publications in psychology - Functionalism, List of publications in psychology - Gestalt psychology, List of publications in psychology - Experimental Studies of the Perception of Movement, List of publications in psychology - Humanistic psychology, List of publications in psychology - Phenomenology, List of publications in psychology - Structuralism, List of publications in psychology - Cognitive psychology, List of publications in psychology - Evolutionary psychology, List of publications in psychology - Clinical psychology, List of publications in psychology - Developmental psychology, List of publications in psychology - Educational psychology, List of publications in psychology - Forensic psychology, List of publications in psychology - Forensic Psychology, List of publications in psychology - On the Witness Stand, List of publications in psychology - Industrial and organizational psychology, List of publications in psychology - Neuropsychology, List of publications in psychology - Social psychology, List of publications in psychology - Post-cognivitist psychology

Read more here: » List of publications in psychology: Encyclopedia II - List of publications in psychology - Social psychology

Social psychology attempts to understand the relationship between minds, groups, and behaviors in three general ways. First, it tries to see how the thoughts, feelings and behaviors of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of other(s) (Allport 3). This includes social perception, social interaction, and the many kinds of social influence (like trust, power, and persuasion). Gaining insight into the social psychology of persons involves looking at the influences that individuals ha ...

See also:

Social psychology, Social psychology - Subfields, Social psychology - SP's three angles of research, Social psychology - The concerns of social psychology, Social psychology - Empirical methods and Social philosophy, Social psychology - Methodology, Social psychology - The Methodology Wars and social philosophy, Social psychology - Relation to other fields, Social psychology - Relevant issues in social philosophy, Social psychology - Relevant issues in psychology, Social psychology - Relevant issues in sociology, Social psychology - Major perspectives in social psychology, Social psychology - Social psychological theories, Social psychology - Social elements of the individual, Social psychology - The social psychology of interaction, Social psychology - The psychological elements of collectives, Social psychology - Well-known cases studies and related works, Social psychology - Related topics

Read more here: » Social psychology: Encyclopedia II - Social psychology - SP's three angles of research