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Personality psychology | A Wisdom Archive on Personality psychology | | Personality psychology A selection of articles related to Personality psychology | |
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Personality psychology
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Personality psychology | | | | | |  Personality psychology: Encyclopedia II - Personality disorder - Current thinking and criticismThe DSM attempts to represent a consensus view of the members of the American Psychiatric Association. However, more so than in other parts of the DSM, the classification of Axis II personality disorders—deeply ingrained, maladaptive, lifelong behaviour patterns—has come under sustained and serious criticism from its inception in 1952. The DSM adopts a categorical approach, assuming that personality disorders are "qualitatively distinct clinical syndromes" (p. 689). This is doubted by many. The polythetic form of the DSM's Diagnostic Cri ...
See also:Personality disorder, Personality disorder - DSM criteria, Personality disorder - General diagnostic criteria for a personality disorder, Personality disorder - List of personality disorders defined in the DSM, Personality disorder - Current thinking and criticism, Personality disorder - Footnote Read more here: » Personality disorder: Encyclopedia II - Personality disorder - Current thinking and criticism |
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| | | | | Personality psychology: Encyclopedia II - Educational psychology - Motivation Motivation is an internal state that arouses, guides and sustains behavior. Educational psychology research on motivation is concerned with the volition or will that students bring to a task, their level of interest and intrinsic motivation, the personally held goals that guide their behavior, and their belief about the causes of their success or failure.
A form of attribution theory developed by Bernard Weiner describes how students' beliefs about the causes of academic success or failure affect their emotions and motivations (Weiner ...
See also:Educational psychology, Educational psychology - Social moral and cognitive development, Educational psychology - Individual differences and disabilities, Educational psychology - Learning and cognition, Educational psychology - Behavioral perspective, Educational psychology - Cognitive perspective, Educational psychology - Social cognitive theory, Educational psychology - Constructivist perspective, Educational psychology - Motivation, Educational psychology - Research methods, Educational psychology - Educational psychology for teaching, Educational psychology - Educational psychology for instructional design and technology, Educational psychology - History of educational psychology, Educational psychology - Careers in educational psychology, Educational psychology - Influential educational psychologists and theorists, Educational psychology - Research journals, Educational psychology - Sources Read more here: » Educational psychology: Encyclopedia II - Educational psychology - Motivation |
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| | | | | Personality psychology: Encyclopedia II - Educational psychology - Careers in Educational Psychology A person may be considered an educational psychologist if he or she has completed a graduate degree in educational psychology or a closely related field. Universities establish educational psychology graduate programs in either psychology departments or, more commonly, faculties of education. Psychologists that work in a k-12 school setting are usually trained at either the masters or doctoral (PhD or EdD) level. In addition to conducting assessments, school psychologists provide services such as academic and behavio ...
See also:Educational psychology, Educational psychology - Social Moral and Cognitive Development, Educational psychology - Individual Differences and Disabilities, Educational psychology - Learning and Cognition, Educational psychology - Social Cognitive Theory, Educational psychology - Constructivist Models of Learning, Educational psychology - Motivation, Educational psychology - Research Methods, Educational psychology - Educational Psychology for Teaching, Educational psychology - Educational Psychology for Instructional Design and Technology, Educational psychology - History of Educational Psychology, Educational psychology - Careers in Educational Psychology, Educational psychology - Influential Educational Psychologists and Theorists, Educational psychology - Sources Read more here: » Educational psychology: Encyclopedia II - Educational psychology - Careers in Educational Psychology |
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| | | | | Personality psychology: Encyclopedia II - Educational psychology - Individual differences and disabilities Each person has an individual profile of characteristics, abilities and challenges that result from learning and development. These manifest as individual differences in intelligence, creativity, cognitive style, motivation, and the capacity to process information, communicate, and relate to others. The most prevalent disabilities found among school age children are attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), learning disability, dyslexia, and speech disorder. Less common disabilities include mental ...
See also:Educational psychology, Educational psychology - Social moral and cognitive development, Educational psychology - Individual differences and disabilities, Educational psychology - Learning and cognition, Educational psychology - Behavioral perspective, Educational psychology - Cognitive perspective, Educational psychology - Social cognitive theory, Educational psychology - Constructivist perspective, Educational psychology - Motivation, Educational psychology - Research methods, Educational psychology - Educational psychology for teaching, Educational psychology - Educational psychology for instructional design and technology, Educational psychology - History of educational psychology, Educational psychology - Careers in educational psychology, Educational psychology - Influential educational psychologists and theorists, Educational psychology - Research journals, Educational psychology - Sources Read more here: » Educational psychology: Encyclopedia II - Educational psychology - Individual differences and disabilities |
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| | | | | Personality psychology: Mental and behavioural disorders: Encyclopedia II - ICD-10 Chapter F: Mental and behavioural disorders - F00-F99 - Mental and behavioural disorders
ICD-10 Chapter F: Mental and behavioural disorders - F00-F09 Organic including symptomatic mental disorders.
(F00) Dementia in Alzheimer's disease
(F01) Vascular dementia
(F011) Multi-infarct dementia
(F02) Dementia in other diseases classified elsewhere
(F020) Dementia in Pick's disease
(F021) Dementia in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
(F022) Dementia in Huntington's disease
(F023) Dementia in Parkinson's disease
(F024) Dementia ...
See also:ICD-10 Chapter F: Mental and behavioural disorders, ICD-10 Chapter F: Mental and behavioural disorders - F00-F99 - Mental and behavioural disorders, ICD-10 Chapter F: Mental and behavioural disorders - F00-F09 Organic including symptomatic mental disorders, ICD-10 Chapter F: Mental and behavioural disorders - F10-F19 Mental and behavioural disorders due to psychoactive substance use, ICD-10 Chapter F: Mental and behavioural disorders - F20-F29 Schizophrenia schizotypal and delusional disorders, ICD-10 Chapter F: Mental and behavioural disorders - F30-F39 Mood affective disorders, ICD-10 Chapter F: Mental and behavioural disorders - F40-F48 Neurotic stress-related and somatoform disorders, ICD-10 Chapter F: Mental and behavioural disorders - F50-F59 Behavioural syndromes associated with physiological disturbances and physical factors, ICD-10 Chapter F: Mental and behavioural disorders - F60-F69 Disorders of adult personality and behaviour, ICD-10 Chapter F: Mental and behavioural disorders - F70-F79 Mental retardation, ICD-10 Chapter F: Mental and behavioural disorders - F80-F89 Disorders of psychological development, ICD-10 Chapter F: Mental and behavioural disorders - F90-F98 Behavioural and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence, ICD-10 Chapter F: Mental and behavioural disorders - F99 Unspecified mental disorder Read more here: » ICD-10 Chapter F: Mental and behavioural disorders: Encyclopedia II - ICD-10 Chapter F: Mental and behavioural disorders - F00-F99 - Mental and behavioural disorders |
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| | | | | Personality psychology: Encyclopedia II - Educational psychology - Individual Differences and Disabilities Each person has an individual profile of characteristics, abilities and challenges that result from learning and development. These manifest as individual differences in intelligence, creativity, cognitive style, motivation, and the capacity to process information, communicate, and relate to others. The most prevalent disabilities found among school age children are attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), learning disability, dyslexia, and speech disorder. Less common disabilities include mental ...
See also:Educational psychology, Educational psychology - Social Moral and Cognitive Development, Educational psychology - Individual Differences and Disabilities, Educational psychology - Learning and Cognition, Educational psychology - Social Cognitive Theory, Educational psychology - Constructivist Models of Learning, Educational psychology - Motivation, Educational psychology - Research Methods, Educational psychology - Educational Psychology for Teaching, Educational psychology - Educational Psychology for Instructional Design and Technology, Educational psychology - History of Educational Psychology, Educational psychology - Careers in Educational Psychology, Educational psychology - Influential Educational Psychologists and Theorists, Educational psychology - Sources Read more here: » Educational psychology: Encyclopedia II - Educational psychology - Individual Differences and Disabilities |
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| | | | | Personality psychology: Encyclopedia II - Environmental psychology - Scope "Environmental psychology" is arguably the best-known and more comprehensive description of the field.
The field is known by the following names, advanced by different researchers, sometimes used interchangeably, sometimes with recognized gaps and overlaps between the terms: environmental social sciences, architectural psychology, socio-architecture, ecological psychology, environment-behavior studies, person-environment studies, environmental sociology, social ecology, and environmental design research. This field draws on work in a ...
See also:Environmental psychology, Environmental psychology - Scope, Environmental psychology - Challenges, Environmental psychology - Behavior settings, Environmental psychology - Proxemics, Environmental psychology - University of Strathclyde, Environmental psychology - Impact on the Built Environment, Environmental psychology - Other contributors Read more here: » Environmental psychology: Encyclopedia II - Environmental psychology - Scope |
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| | | | | | Personality psychology: Encyclopedia II - Analytical psychology - Assumptions The basic assumption is that the personal unconscious is a potent part — probably the more active part — of the normal human psyche. Reliable communication between the conscious and unconscious parts of the psyche is necessary for happiness.
Also crucial is the belief that dreams show ideas, beliefs, and feelings of which individuals may not be readily aware, but need to be, and that such material is expressed in a personalized vocabulary of visual metaphors. Things "known but unknown" are contained in the unconscious, and dreams ...
See also:Analytical psychology, Analytical psychology - Assumptions, Analytical psychology - Psychological types, Analytical psychology - Post-Jung, Analytical psychology - Classical school, Analytical psychology - Developmental school, Analytical psychology - Archetypal school Read more here: » Analytical psychology: Encyclopedia II - Analytical psychology - Assumptions |
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| | | | | Personality psychology: Encyclopedia II - Environmental psychology - Proxemics In the mid 1950s anthropologist E. T. Hall wrote "The Hidden Dimension" which developed and popularized the concepts of personal space and his more general name for this field, proxemics. He defined proxemics as, ". . . the study of how man unconsciously structures microspace - the distance between men in the conduct of daily transactions, the organization of space in his houses and buildings, and ultimately the layout of his towns."
Hall defined and measured four interpersonal "zones":
intimate (0 to 18 inches)
personal (18 inches to 4 feet)
social (4 feet t ...
See also:Environmental psychology, Environmental psychology - Scope, Environmental psychology - Challenges, Environmental psychology - Behavior settings, Environmental psychology - Proxemics, Environmental psychology - University of Strathclyde, Environmental psychology - Impact on the Built Environment, Environmental psychology - Other contributors Read more here: » Environmental psychology: Encyclopedia II - Environmental psychology - Proxemics |
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| | | | | Personality psychology: Encyclopedia II - Bicameralism psychology - The bicameral state A person in the bicameral state would behave as a typical schizophrenic. The bicameral state produces the feeling of the mind sub-ordinated, due to the receiving of orders that cannot be ignored. It has also been argued that this state of mind is present in members of cults.[2] Jaynes speculated that "voices" came from the right brain counterparts of the left brain language centres. More specifically, the counterparts to Wernicke's area and Broca's area. These ...
See also:Bicameralism psychology, Bicameralism psychology - The bicameral state, Bicameralism psychology - Julian Jaynes, Bicameralism psychology - Breakdown of bicameralism, Bicameralism psychology - The case for bicameralism, Bicameralism psychology - Responses, Bicameralism psychology - Influence, Bicameralism psychology - Similar ideas, Bicameralism psychology - Miscellaneous Read more here: » Bicameralism psychology: Encyclopedia II - Bicameralism psychology - The bicameral state |
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| | | | | | Personality psychology: Encyclopedia II - Humanistic psychology - Counselling and therapy Humanistic psychology includes several approaches to counselling and therapy, among these we find the categories mentioned by Aanstoos, Serlin & Greening (2000) and Rowan (2001):
Counselling: The existential psychology of Rollo May, person-centered or client-centered therapy (as originally developed by Carl Rogers), marital and family therapies.
Psychotherapy: The existential psychotherapy of Medard Boss, Gestalt therapy (originally developed by Fritz Perls), Experiential psychotherapy, Bodywork, Psychodrama, Primal integration, Psychosynthesis, Depth therapy, Transpersonal therapy.
...
See also:Humanistic psychology, Humanistic psychology - The development of the field, Humanistic psychology - Epistemology, Humanistic psychology - Counselling and therapy, Humanistic psychology - Criticism and debate, Humanistic psychology - Also see Read more here: » Humanistic psychology: Encyclopedia II - Humanistic psychology - Counselling and therapy |
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| | | | | | Personality psychology: Encyclopedia II - Charisma - The psychology of charisma The study, recognition, and development of charisma in individuals is of particular interest to sociologists/psychologists, popular politicians, public speakers, movie-stars/movie-producers, casting directors, pop-music stars, trainers/coaches targeting the upper-echelons of the business community (CEOs), and academics or others involved in leadership studies or leadership development. In some cases highly-extroverted and brutally controlling charismatic people/leaders can invoke envy and/or hatred among those that do not possess "It," and i ...
See also:Charisma, Charisma - The psychology of charisma, Charisma - Other occurences Read more here: » Charisma: Encyclopedia II - Charisma - The psychology of charisma |
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| | | | | Personality psychology: Encyclopedia II - Psychological trauma - Growth aspects of trauma Though the idea of trauma is most frequently thought of in negative terms, it is also often seen to have positive aspects. Many people, such as Christopher Reeves and Rick Hansen, have overcome traumas and moved on to become inspirational figures. This growth, often called called posttraumatic growth, it is often the result of the person's attitude, and it is pointed out that a traumatized person must choose "to embark on the long journey of recovery - to restore shattered assumptions, regain confidence and find healing at physical, emotional, and spiritual levels." ...
See also:Psychological trauma, Psychological trauma - Symptoms of trauma, Psychological trauma - Trauma in psychoanalysis, Psychological trauma - Trauma and stress disorders, Psychological trauma - Growth aspects of trauma, Psychological trauma - Notes Read more here: » Psychological trauma: Encyclopedia II - Psychological trauma - Growth aspects of trauma |
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| | | | | Personality psychology: Encyclopedia II - Empathy - Psychological perspectives Some experts (psychologists, psychiatrists, and other scientists) believe that not all humans have an ability to feel empathy or perceive the emotions of others. For instance, Autism and related conditions such as Asperger's syndrome are often (but not always) characterized by an apparent reduced ability to empathize with others. The interaction between empathy and autism spectrum disorders is a complex and ongoin ...
See also:Empathy, Empathy - Background, Empathy - Contrasting empathy to other phenomena, Empathy - Psychological perspectives, Empathy - Empathy and Autism Spectrum Disorders, Empathy - Empathy in animals, Empathy - Organic basis, Empathy - Development of empathy, Empathy - Other aspects, Empathy - Fiction, Empathy - Bibliography Read more here: » Empathy: Encyclopedia II - Empathy - Psychological perspectives |
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| | | | | Personality psychology: Encyclopedia II - Empathy - Organic basis Research in recent years has focused on possible brain processes as concomitant with empathy.
Functional imaging has recently been employed to investigate the functional anatomy of empathy: Farrow et al (Neuroreport 2001; 12:2433-2438) found that empathic judgments activated left superior frontal gyrus, orbitofrontal gyrus, precuneus, left anterior middle temporal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus. Components of this circuit may be dysfunctional in psychopathy (Tunstall N., Fahy T. and McGuire P. in: Guide to Neuroimaging in Psychia ...
See also:Empathy, Empathy - Background, Empathy - Contrasting empathy to other phenomena, Empathy - Psychological perspectives, Empathy - Empathy and Autism Spectrum Disorders, Empathy - Empathy in animals, Empathy - Organic basis, Empathy - Development of empathy, Empathy - Other aspects, Empathy - Fiction, Empathy - Bibliography Read more here: » Empathy: Encyclopedia II - Empathy - Organic basis |
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| | | | | Personality psychology: Encyclopedia II - Empathy - Other aspects In addition to the above use, the term empathy is also used by some people to signify their heightened or higher sensitivity to the emotions and state of others. This, reportedly, can lead to both positive aspects such as a more skilled instinct for what is "behind the scenes" with people, but also to difficulties such as rapid over-stimulation, overwhelm or stress caused by an inability to protect oneself from this so-called 'pick-up'. Such people may for example find crowds stressful simply due to picking up what is often described as "whi ...
See also:Empathy, Empathy - Background, Empathy - Contrasting empathy to other phenomena, Empathy - Psychological perspectives, Empathy - Empathy and Autism Spectrum Disorders, Empathy - Empathy in animals, Empathy - Organic basis, Empathy - Development of empathy, Empathy - Other aspects, Empathy - Fiction, Empathy - Bibliography Read more here: » Empathy: Encyclopedia II - Empathy - Other aspects |
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| | | | | Personality psychology: Encyclopedia II - Crowd psychology - Contagion theory An early explanation of collective behavior was formulated by French sociologist Gustave Le Bon. According to Le Bon’s contagion theory, crowds exert a hypnotic influence over their members. Shielded by the anonymity of a crowd, people abandon personal responsibility and surrender to the contagious emotions of the crowd. A crowd thus assumes a life of its own, stirring up emotions and driving people toward irrational, perhaps violent, action.
Le Bon’s idea that crowds foster anonymity and sometimes generate emotion is surely true. ...
See also:Crowd psychology, Crowd psychology - Contagion theory, Crowd psychology - Convergence theory, Crowd psychology - Emergent-norm theory, Crowd psychology - Bibliography, Crowd psychology - Notes Read more here: » Crowd psychology: Encyclopedia II - Crowd psychology - Contagion theory |
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