According to ancient Greek mythology, Macedon - ancient Greek Μακεδών Makedōn, poetic Μακηδών Makēdōn - was the name of the first phylarch (tribal chief) of the Μακεδόνες Makedónes, the part of the Μακεδνοί MakednoíSee also:

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The first Macedonian state emerged 8th or early 7th century BC under the Argead Dynasty, when the Macedonians are said to have migrated to the region from further west. Their first king is recorded as Perdiccas I. Around the time of Alexander I of Macedon, the Macedonians started to expand into Eordaia, Bottiaea, Pieria, Mygdonia, and Almopia. Near the modern city of Edessa, Perdiccas I (or, more likely, his son, Argaeus I) b ...

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Under Philip II, (359-336 BC), Macedon expanded into the territory of the Paionians, Thracians, and Illyrians. This brought into its orbit the Monastir (now Bitola) and Gevgelija districts of what is now the Republic of Macedonia. Macedon became more politically involved with the south-central city-states of Ancient Greece, but it also retained more archaic features like the palace-culture, first at Aegae (modern Vergina) then at Pella, resembling Mycenaean culture more than classic Hellenic city-states, and other archaic customs, like Philip's multiple wives in addition to his Epirote ...

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Macedon, Macedon - Early history, Macedon - Expansion, Macedon - Decline, Macedon - Calendar, Macedon - Language, Macedon - Hellenic controversy, Macedon - Herodotus, Macedon - Linguistics

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See main article: Ancient Macedonian language. The language spoken by the area's inhabitants prior to the 5th century BC, and continued into the early centuries of the Common Era by the rural population, is attested in some hundred words from various glosses (mainly those of Hesychius of Alexandria, 5th century AD), as well as placenames and personal names. The majority of these words can be confidently identified as Greek, and the language was either closely related to Greek, or perhaps even a dialect of Greek. There are words, however, that are not easily identifiable as Greek, a number of which for example show voiced stops ...

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The name of Macedonia has not been always used with regard to the region as defined above. In its beginnings, the ancient state of Macedon encompassed only a part of this region, approximately equal to the present-day Greek Macedonia. The Roman province of Macedonia covered a much larger area than Macedon, including almost all of present-day geographical region of Macedonia, along with large parts of central Albania and Greece. In the Byzantine empire, there was a number of different themas (provinces) dividing the geographical region ...

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As a frontier region where several very different cultures meet, Macedonia has an extremely diverse demographic profile. Greeks form the majority of its population, living almost entirely in Greece. The second largest group of people in the region are the Macedonians, a Slavic people who form the majority of the population in the Republic of Macedonia. There is a small 3,000-strong Macedonian minority in the Bulgarian region of Blagoevgrad, which is otherwise known as Pirin Macedonia. The number of Slavic Macedonians in Greek Macedoni ...

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