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peripheral nervous system | A Wisdom Archive on peripheral nervous system | | peripheral nervous system A selection of articles related to peripheral nervous system | |
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peripheral nervous system
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO peripheral nervous system | | | |  peripheral nervous system: Encyclopedia II - Neuron - Anatomy and histologyMany highly specialized types of neurons exist, and these differ widely in appearance. Neurons have cellular extensions known as processes which they use to send and receive information. Characteristically, neurons are highly asymmetric in shape. Neurons consist of:
The dendrite, a short, branching arbor of cellular extensions. Each neuron has multiple dendrites with profuse dendritic branches. These structures form the main information receiving network for the neuron; however information outflow (i.e. from dendrites to ...
See also:Neuron, Neuron - Anatomy and histology, Neuron - Classes, Neuron - Connectivity, Neuron - Adaptations to carrying action potentials, Neuron - Histology and internal structure, Neuron - Challenges to the neuron doctrine, Neuron - Neurons in the brain, Neuron - Sources Read more here: » Neuron: Encyclopedia II - Neuron - Anatomy and histology |
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| | | | | peripheral nervous system: Encyclopedia II - Neural network - Neural Networks and Artificial Intelligence Main article: Artificial Neural Network
Neural network - Background.
Neural network models in artificial intelligence are usually referred to as artificial neural networks (ANNs); these essentially simple mathematical models defining a function . The epithet network is used because this function is decomposable into a number of simpler, interconnected elements.
A particular type of ANN model corresponds to a class of such functions. What has attract ...
See also:Neural network, Neural network - Characterization, Neural network - The brain neural networks and computers, Neural network - Neural Networks and Artificial Intelligence, Neural network - Background, Neural network - Learning paradigms, Neural network - Learning algorithms, Neural network - Theoretical properties, Neural network - Generalisation and statistics, Neural network - Types of artificial neural networks, Neural network - Neural networks and Neuroscience, Neural network - Types of models, Neural network - Current research, Neural network - References, Neural network - History of the neural network analogy Read more here: » Neural network: Encyclopedia II - Neural network - Neural Networks and Artificial Intelligence |
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| | | | | peripheral nervous system: Encyclopedia II - Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor - Structure Nicotinic receptors, with a molecular weight of about 280 kDa, are made up of five receptor subunits, arranged symmetrically around the central pore. They share similarities with GABAA receptors, glycine receptors, and the type 3 serotonin receptors, which are all therefore classed into the nicotinicoid receptor family, or the signature Cys-loop proteins (Cascio, 2004).
Twelve types of nicotinic receptor subunits, α2 through 10 and β2 through 4 (Itier and Bertrand, 2001), combine to form pentamers. The subunits are somewh ...
See also:Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor - Structure, Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor - Opening the channel, Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor - Effects, Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor - Roles, Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor - Subtypes Read more here: » Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: Encyclopedia II - Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor - Structure |
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| | | | | | | | peripheral nervous system: Encyclopedia II - H₃ receptor - Pharmacology Like all histamine receptors the H3 receptor is a G-protein coupled receptor. The H3 receptor is coupled to the Gi G-protein, so it leads to inhibition of the formation of cAMP. Also, the β and γ subunits interact with N-type voltage gated calcium channels, to reduce action potential mediated influx of calcium and hence reduce neurotransmitter release.
The gene sequence for H3 receptors expresses only about 30% homology with both H1 and H2 receptors. The ...
See also:H₃ receptor, H₃ receptor - Locations of H3 receptors, H₃ receptor - Pharmacology, H₃ receptor - Isoforms, H₃ receptor - History, H₃ receptor - H3 receptors agonists and antagonists, H₃ receptor - H3-receptor Agonists, H₃ receptor - H3-receptor Antagonists, H₃ receptor - End Notes Read more here: » H₃ receptor: Encyclopedia II - H₃ receptor - Pharmacology |
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| | | | | peripheral nervous system: Encyclopedia II - Local anesthesia - Techniques To achieve conduction anesthesia a local anesthetic is injected or applied to a body surface. The local anesthetic then diffuses into nerves where it inhibits the propagation of signals for pain, muscle contraction, regulation of blood circulation and other body functions. Relatively high drug doses or concentrations inhibit all qualities of sensation (pain, touch, temperature etc.) as well as muscle control. Lower doses or concentrations may selectively inhibit pain sensation with minimal effect on muscle power. Some techniques of pain therapy, such as walking epidurals for labor pain use ...
See also:Local anesthesia, Local anesthesia - Techniques, Local anesthesia - Uses in surgery, Local anesthesia - Uses in acute pain, Local anesthesia - Uses in chronic pain, Local anesthesia - Miscellaneous uses, Local anesthesia - History Read more here: » Local anesthesia: Encyclopedia II - Local anesthesia - Techniques |
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| | | | | | peripheral nervous system: Encyclopedia II - Lipid storage disorder - Types
Lipid storage disorder - Gaucher disease E75.22.
Gaucher disease is the most common of the lipid storage diseases. It is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme glucocerebrosidase. Fatty material can collect in the spleen, liver, kidneys, lungs, brain, and bone marrow. Symptoms may include enlarged spleen and liver, liver malfunction, skeletal disorders and bone lesions that may cause pain, severe neurologic complications, swelling of lymph nodes and (occasionally) adjacent joints, distended abdomen, a brownish tint ...
See also:Lipid storage disorder, Lipid storage disorder - Lipids, Lipid storage disorder - Genetics, Lipid storage disorder - Diagnosis, Lipid storage disorder - Types, Lipid storage disorder - Gaucher disease E75.22, Lipid storage disorder - Niemann-Pick disease E75.23, Lipid storage disorder - Fabry disease E75.25, Lipid storage disorder - Farber’s disease E75.24, Lipid storage disorder - Gangliosidoses, Lipid storage disorder - Krabbé disease E75.2, Lipid storage disorder - Metachromatic leukodystrophy E75.2, Lipid storage disorder - Wolman’s disease E75.5, Lipid storage disorder - Treatment Read more here: » Lipid storage disorder: Encyclopedia II - Lipid storage disorder - Types |
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| | | | | | | | | peripheral nervous system: Encyclopedia II - Neurosurgery - Training In the U.S., neurosurgeons undergo a rigorous training program, known as a residency, consisting of 5-6 years of postgraduate study in neurosurgery (following a mandatory one-year surgery internship). After completing their residency training, some neurosurgeons undertake advanced subspecialty training in programs known as fellowships which are typically one or two years in duration. Some examples of subspecialty areas in neurosurgery include cerebrovascular and skull base surgery, epilepsy, functional and stereotactic neurosurgery, neurosurgery trauma, spine surgery, and pediatric neurosurgery. Admission into advanced fellowship ...
See also:Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery - Definition and scope, Neurosurgery - Training, Neurosurgery - Conditions, Neurosurgery - Reference Read more here: » Neurosurgery: Encyclopedia II - Neurosurgery - Training |
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| | | | | peripheral nervous system: Encyclopedia II - Central nervous system - Parts of the CNS Pons, Cerebellum, Medulla oblongata
Tectum, Cerebral peduncle, Pretectum, Mesencephalic duct
Epithalamus, Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Subthalamus, Pituitary Gland, Pineal Gland, Third ventricle
Basal ganglia, Rhinencephalon, Amygdala, Hippocampus, Neocortex, Lateral ventricles
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See also:Central nervous system, Central nervous system - Parts of the CNS Read more here: » Central nervous system: Encyclopedia II - Central nervous system - Parts of the CNS |
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| | | | | peripheral nervous system: Encyclopedia II - Mucopolysaccharidosis - Types Sevendistinct clinical types and numerous subtypes of the mucopolysaccharidoses have been identified. Although each mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) differs clinically, most patients generally experience a period of normal development followed by a decline in physical and/or mental function. (Note: MPS-V and MPS-VIII are no longer in use as designations for any disease.)
Mucopolysaccharidosis - MPS I.
MPS I is divided into three subtypes based on severity of symptoms. All three types result from an absence of, ...
See also:Mucopolysaccharidosis, Mucopolysaccharidosis - Features, Mucopolysaccharidosis - Types, Mucopolysaccharidosis - MPS I, Mucopolysaccharidosis - MPS II, Mucopolysaccharidosis - MPS III, Mucopolysaccharidosis - MPS IV, Mucopolysaccharidosis - MPS VI, Mucopolysaccharidosis - MPS VII, Mucopolysaccharidosis - MPS IX, Mucopolysaccharidosis - Diagnosis, Mucopolysaccharidosis - Treatment, Mucopolysaccharidosis - Genetics Read more here: » Mucopolysaccharidosis: Encyclopedia II - Mucopolysaccharidosis - Types |
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| | | | | peripheral nervous system: Encyclopedia II - Glial cell - Types of glia
Glial cell - Microglia.
Microglia are specialized macrophages capable of phagocytosis that protect neurons of the CNS. Though not technically glia because they are derived from monocytes rather than ectodermal tissue, they are commonly categorized as such because of their supportive role to neurons. Microglial cells are small relative to macroglial cells, with changing shapes and oblong nucleus. They are mobile within the brain. These cells, while normally only existing in small numbers, multiply in case of damage in the brain.
Gl ...
See also:Glial cell, Glial cell - Function, Glial cell - Types of glia, Glial cell - Microglia, Glial cell - Macroglia, Glial cell - Capacity to divide, Glial cell - Embryological development, Glial cell - History Read more here: » Glial cell: Encyclopedia II - Glial cell - Types of glia |
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| | | | | | peripheral nervous system: Encyclopedia II - Human brain - Study of the brain Although folklore about putatively 90% dormant human brain has proven scientifically unfounded, researchers until the mid 1990s focused on only a small portion of the brain in efforts to understand its computational capacity.
Grey matter, the thin layer of cells covering the cerebrum, was believed by most scholars to be the primary center of cognitive and conscious processing. White matter, the mass of glial cells that support the cerebral grey matter, was assumed to primarily provide nourishment, physical support and connective pathw ...
See also:Human brain, Human brain - Overview, Human brain - Anatomy, Human brain - Function, Human brain - Study of the brain, Human brain - Myths, Human brain - Brain enhancement, Human brain - Comparison of the brain and a computer Read more here: » Human brain: Encyclopedia II - Human brain - Study of the brain |
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