St. John's College U. S. - The Great Books. The same set of Great Books is the basis of the curriculum at both campuses of St. John's College. As of 2005, it is: Homer: Iliad, Odyssey Aeschylus: Agamemnon, Libation Bearers, The Eumenides, Prometheus Bound Sophocles: Oedipus Rex, Oedipus at Colonus, Antigone, Philoctetes Thucydides: History of the Peloponnesian War Euripides: Hippolytus, Th ...

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St. John's College U. S., St. John's College U. S. - History, St. John's College U. S. - Notable people associated with St. John's, St. John's College U. S. - Annapolis Campus, St. John's College U. S. - Santa Fe Campus, St. John's College U. S. - Curriculum Overview, St. John's College U. S. - Criticism and Controversy, St. John's College U. S. - Ranking and Reputation, St. John's College U. S. - Curriculum Details, St. John's College U. S. - The Great Books, St. John's College U. S. - Notes

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Herodotus of Halicarnassus (Greek: Ἡροδοτος, Herodotos) was a historian who lived in the 5th century BC (484 BC-ca. 425 BC). He is known for writing The Histories, a collection of stories on different places and people he learned about through his travels. It includes the conflict between Greece and Persia. Herodotus - Opinions. Herodotus' invention earned him the title "The Father of History" and the word he used for his achievement, historie, which previously had meant ...

Including:

Herodotus - Opinions Herodotus - Herodotus's life

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Militaries use the term killed in action (KIA) as a casualty classification. They generally use it to describe the homicides of their own forces by other hostile forces while in combat. Someone killed in action dies on the battlefield whereas someone who died of wounds (DOW) survived to reach a medical treatment facility. Common sense indicates that the side with the most KIA loses the conflict. However, cases exist where the opposite happens. The American Civil War provides one example of where the ...

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Aristophanes (c. 448 BC-380 BC; Greek ΄Αριστοφανης) was a Greek comic dramatist. The place and even the exact date of his birth are unknown, but he was probably educated in Athens. He was from the Athenian deme of Kudathenaium. He is famous for writing comedies such as The Birds for the two Athenian festivals: the Dionysia and the Lenea. He wrote forty plays, eleven of which still survive, and his plays are the only surviving examples of Old Attic Comedy. Many of his plays were political, and often satirized ...

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Aristophanes - Surviving plays Aristophanes - Dated non-surviving plays Aristophanes - Undated non-surviving plays

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A ship is a large, sea-going watercraft, sometimes with multiple decks. A ship usually has sufficient size to carry its own boats, such as lifeboats, dinghies, or runabouts. A rule of thumb saying (though it doesn't always apply) goes: "a boat can fit on a ship, but a ship can't fit on a boat". Often local law and regulation will define the exact size (or the number of masts) which a boat requires to become a ship. (Note that one refers ...

Including:

Ship - Measuring ships Ship - Propulsion Ship - General terminology Ship - Shipboard terminology Ship - Some types of ships and boats Ship - Some historical types of ships and boats Ship - Quotations

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Mortimer Jerome Adler (December 28, 1902 – June 28, 2001) was an American philosopher and author. Adler was born in New York City. After dropping out of high school at age 14, he worked as a copy boy for the New York Sun. Wanting to become a journalist, he took writing classes at night where he discovered the works of men he would come to call heroes: Plato, Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas, John Locke, John Stuart Mill and others. He went on to study philosophy at Columbia University. Though he failed to complete the necessary phys ...

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Mortimer Adler - Quotes Mortimer Adler - Works Mortimer Adler - Edited works

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Alcibiades was born in Athens, the son of Cleinias and Deinomache, who belonged to the family of the Alcmaeonidae. He was a near relative of Pericles, who, after the death of Cleinias at the Battle of Coronea (447 BC), became his guardian. Thus early deprived of his father's control, possessed of great personal beauty and the heir to great wealth, which was increased by his marriage, he showed himself self-willed, capricious and passionate, and indulged in the most insolent behaviour. Nor did the instructors of his early manhood supply the c ...

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Alcibiades, Alcibiades - Life, Alcibiades - Sources about the life of Alcibiades, Alcibiades - Notes

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Zeus is the continuation of Dyeus, the supreme god in Indo-European religion, also continued as Vedic Dyaus Pitar (cf. Jupiter), and as Tyr (Ziu, Tiw, Tiwaz) in Germanic and Norse mythology. Tyr was however supplanted by Odin as the supreme god among the Germanic tribes and they did not identify Zeus/Jupiter with either Tyr or Odin, but with Thor. In addition to his Indo-European inheritance, the classical Zeus also derives certain iconographic traits from the cultures of the ancient Near East, such as the scepter. < ...

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Zeus, Zeus - Prehistory, Zeus - Role and epithets, Zeus - Panhellenic cults of Zeus, Zeus - Some local Zeus-cults, Zeus - Oracles of Zeus, Zeus - Zeus and foreign gods, Zeus - Zeus in myth, Zeus - Consorts and children, Zeus - Zeus miscellany, Zeus - Zeus in Neopaganism, Zeus - Spoken-word myths - audio files

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Although firearms technology and the conscript army dramatically changed the nature of warfare, most armies were completely unaware of the implications of these changes and unprepared for their consequences. At the start of World War I, most armies prepared for a brief war whose strategy and tactics would have been familiar to Napoleon. However, as war broke out, German and Allied (mostly French and British) forces soon learned that with modern weapons even a shallow scrape in the soil could be defended by a handful of infantry. To at ...

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Trench warfare, Trench warfare - Background, Trench warfare - Siege warfare, Trench warfare - Maori Pas, Trench warfare - Development, Trench warfare - Implementation, Trench warfare - Defensive system, Trench warfare - Trench construction, Trench warfare - Trench geography, Trench warfare - Life in the trenches, Trench warfare - Death in the trenches, Trench warfare - Weapons of trench warfare, Trench warfare - Infantry weapons, Trench warfare - Machine guns, Trench warfare - Mortars, Trench warfare - Artillery, Trench warfare - Gas, Trench warfare - Helmets, Trench warfare - Wire, Trench warfare - Aircraft, Trench warfare - Other Weapons, Trench warfare - Mining, Trench warfare - Trench battles, Trench warfare - Strategy, Trench warfare - Tactics, Trench warfare - Communications, Trench warfare - Obsolescence, Trench warfare - Recent trench warfare, Trench warfare - Sources

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Aegina, according to Herodotus (v. 83), was a colony of Epidaurus, to which state it was originally subject. The discovery in the island of a number of gold ornaments belonging to the latest period of Mycenaean art suggests the inference that the Mycenaean culture held its own in Aegina for some generations after the Dorian conquest of Argos and Lacedaemon (see A. J. Evans, in Journal of Hellenic Studies, vol. xiii. p. 195). It is probable that the island was not dorized before the 9th century BC One of the earliest facts known to us in its ...

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Aegina, Aegina - Antiquities, Aegina - Ancient History, Aegina - Modern History, Aegina - Communities and villages, Aegina - Historical population, Aegina - Daughter of Asopus

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One can measure ships in terms of overall length, length of the waterline, beam (breadth), depth (distance between the crown of the weather deck and the top of the keelson), draft (distance between the highest waterline and the bottom of the ship) and tonnage. A number of different tonnage definitions exist; most measure volume rather than weight, and are used when describing merchant ships for the purpose of tolls, taxation, etc. In Britain until the Merchant Shipping Act of 1876, ship-owners could load their vessels until their deck ...

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Ship, Ship - Measuring ships, Ship - Propulsion, Ship - General terminology, Ship - Shipboard terminology, Ship - Some types of ships and boats, Ship - Some historical types of ships and boats, Ship - Quotations

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The name of Athens in Ancient Greek was Athḗnai (Ἀθῆναι, IPA /ʔa.ˈtʰɛː.nai/, pronounced roughly At-heh-nigh). This is a plural form: the city was called "The Athenses" since it was originally a group of villages which coalesced into a city. The name has no definite etymology in Greek. The Greeks believed the city was named for its protectress, the goddess Athena, but it is equally possible that the goddess took her name from the city. Athens began its history as a Neolithic hill-fort on top of the Acropolis ("high city" ...

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History of Athens, History of Athens - Origins and setting, History of Athens - Early history, History of Athens - Reform and democracy, History of Athens - Classical Athens, History of Athens - Byzantine Athens, History of Athens - Ottoman Athens, History of Athens - Modern Athens, History of Athens - Notable Athenians, History of Athens - Ancient sites in Athens

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Xenophon's writings, especially the Anabasis, are often read by beginning students of the Greek language. His Hellenica is one chief source for events in Greece from 411 to 362 BC, and his Socratic writings, preserved entirely, are the only surviving representatives of the genre of Sokratikoi logoi other than the dialogues of Plato. Historical and Biographical works Anabasis Cyropaedia Hellenica AgesilausSee also:

Xenophon, Xenophon - List of Works, Xenophon - Project Gutenberg e-texts

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Most of the major temples were rebuilt under the leadership of Pericles during the Golden Age of Athens (460–430 BC). Phidias, a great Athenian sculptor, and Ictinus and Callicrates, two famous architects, were responsible for the reconstruction. During the 5th century BC, the acropolis gained its final shape. After winning at Eurymedon in 468 BC, Cimon and Themistocles ordered the reconstruction of southern and northern walls, and Pericles entrusted the building of the Parthenon to Ictinus and Phidias. In 437 BC Mnesicles started b ...

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Acropolis, Athens, Acropolis, Athens - Geology of the rock, Acropolis, Athens - Early human presence, Acropolis, Athens - The Dark Ages, Acropolis, Athens - Archaic Acropolis, Acropolis, Athens - The Periclean building program, Acropolis, Athens - Cultural significance, Acropolis, Athens - Art and architecture

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The archaeological interest of Aegina is centred in the well-known temple on the ridge near the northern corner of the island. Excavations were made on its site in 1811 by Baron Haller von Hallerstein and the English architect C. R. Cockerell, who discovered a considerable number of the sculptures from the pediment, which was bought in 1812 by the crown prince Louis of Bavaria; the groups were set up in the Glyptothek at Munich after the figures had been restored by Bertel Thorvaldsen. His restoration was somewhat drastic, the ancient parts being cut away to allow of additions in marble, and the new parts treated i ...

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Aegina, Aegina - Antiquities, Aegina - Ancient History, Aegina - Modern History, Aegina - Communities and villages, Aegina - Historical population, Aegina - Daughter of Asopus

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Cronus sired several children by Rhea: Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades, Poseidon, but swallowed them all as soon as they were born, since he had learned from Gaia and Uranus that he was destined to be overcome by his own son as he had overthrown his own father. But when Zeus was about to be born, Rhea sought Uranus and Gaia to devise a plan to save him, so that Cronus would get his retribution for his acts against Uranus and his own children. Rhea gave birth to Zeus in Crete, handing Cronus a rock wrapped in swaddling clothes, ...

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Zeus, Zeus - Prehistory, Zeus - Role and epithets, Zeus - Panhellenic cults of Zeus, Zeus - Some local Zeus-cults, Zeus - Oracles of Zeus, Zeus - Zeus and foreign gods, Zeus - Zeus in myth, Zeus - Consorts and children, Zeus - Zeus miscellany, Zeus - Zeus in Neopaganism, Zeus - Spoken-word myths - audio files

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The Acropolis of Athens was inhabited from Neolithic times. By 1400 BC Athens had become a powerful centre of the Mycenaean civilization. Unlike other Mycenaean centres, such as Mycenae and Pylos, Athens was not sacked and abandoned at the time of the Doric invasion of about 1200 BC, and the Athenians always maintained that they were "pure" Ionians with no Doric element. However, Athens lost most of its power and pro ...

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History of Athens, History of Athens - Origins and setting, History of Athens - Early history, History of Athens - Reform and democracy, History of Athens - Classical Athens, History of Athens - Byzantine Athens, History of Athens - Ottoman Athens, History of Athens - Modern Athens, History of Athens - Notable Athenians, History of Athens - Ancient sites in Athens

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The fundamental difficulty of studying ancient history is the fact that only a fraction of it has been documented, and only a fraction of those recorded histories have survived into the present day. Literacy was not widespread in any culture until long after the end of ancient history, so there were few people capable of writing histories. Even those written histories which were produced were not widely distributed; the ancients, not having the luxury of a printing press had to make copies of books by hand. The Roman Empire was one of the an ...

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Ancient history, Ancient history - The study of ancient history, Ancient history - Archaeology, Ancient history - Primary sources, Ancient history - Chronology, Ancient history - Prehistory, Ancient history - Important events, Ancient history - End of ancient history in Europe, Ancient history - Some prominent civilizations of ancient history, Ancient history - Europe and the Mediterranean, Ancient history - East Asia, Ancient history - Central and Southwest Asia, Ancient history - Saharan and Sub-Saharan Africa, Ancient history - The Americas, Ancient history - References and further reading

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Although the Byzantines retained control of the Aegean and its islands during this period, direct control did not extend far beyond the coast. The city shrank considerably, and was reduced to a shadow of its former self. During the period of the Byzantine Empire Athens was a provincial town, and in the early years many of its works of art were looted by the emperors and taken to Constantinople. In the seventh century, Greece was overrun by Slavic peoples from the north, and Athens entered a period of uncertainty and insecurity. From t ...

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History of Athens, History of Athens - Origins and setting, History of Athens - Early history, History of Athens - Reform and democracy, History of Athens - Classical Athens, History of Athens - Byzantine Athens, History of Athens - Ottoman Athens, History of Athens - Modern Athens, History of Athens - Notable Athenians, History of Athens - Ancient sites in Athens

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Finally, in 1458, Athens fell to the Ottoman Empire. The city's population declined and by the 17th century it was a mere village. Great damage to Athens was caused in the 17th century, when Ottoman power was declining. The Venetians attacked Athens in 1687. A shot fired during the bombardment of the Acropolis caused a powder magazine in the Parthenon to explode, and the building was severely damaged. After capturing the Acropolis the Venetians employed material from its ancient buildings in repairing its walls. The following year the Turks ...

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History of Athens, History of Athens - Origins and setting, History of Athens - Early history, History of Athens - Reform and democracy, History of Athens - Classical Athens, History of Athens - Byzantine Athens, History of Athens - Ottoman Athens, History of Athens - Modern Athens, History of Athens - Notable Athenians, History of Athens - Ancient sites in Athens

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Athens was chosen as the Greek capital for historical and sentimental reasons, not because it was a functioning city: there are few buildings in Athens dated between the Roman Empire and the 19th century. During the reign of King Othon (1832–1862) a modern city plan was laid out and public buildings erected. The finest legacy of this period are the buildings of the University of Athens, the Greek National Library and ...

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History of Athens, History of Athens - Origins and setting, History of Athens - Early history, History of Athens - Reform and democracy, History of Athens - Classical Athens, History of Athens - Byzantine Athens, History of Athens - Ottoman Athens, History of Athens - Modern Athens, History of Athens - Notable Athenians, History of Athens - Ancient sites in Athens

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Prior to the rise of Athens, the city of Sparta considered itself the leader of the Greeks, or hegemon. In 500 BC Athens sent troops to aid the Ionian Greeks of Asia Minor, who were rebelling against the Persian Empire (see Ionian Revolt). This provoked two Persian invasions of Greece, both of which were defeated under the leadership of the Athenian soldier-statesmen Miltiades and Themistocles (see Persian Wars). In 490 BC the Athenians defeated the first invasion at the Battle of Marathon. In 480 BC the Persians came back, and captured and ...

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History of Athens, History of Athens - Origins and setting, History of Athens - Early history, History of Athens - Reform and democracy, History of Athens - Classical Athens, History of Athens - Byzantine Athens, History of Athens - Ottoman Athens, History of Athens - Modern Athens, History of Athens - Notable Athenians, History of Athens - Ancient sites in Athens

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