Pehr Evind Svinhufvud

Svinhufvud's career in law followed a regular course: he worked as a lawyer, served at district courts, and served as a deputy judge at worked at the Turku Court of Appeal. In 1892 he was appointed as a member of the Senate's law-drafting committee at the relatively young age of 31. For six years he worked in the committee, initially redrafting taxation laws. As head of his family, Svinhufvud participated ...

See also:

Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, Pehr Evind Svinhufvud - Family background and early life, Pehr Evind Svinhufvud - A Lawyer and a politician, Pehr Evind Svinhufvud - Independence and the Civil War, Pehr Evind Svinhufvud - Prime Minister and President

Read more here: » Pehr Evind Svinhufvud: Encyclopedia II - Pehr Evind Svinhufvud - A Lawyer and a politician

1861 - January. January 1 - Benito Juárez captures Mexico City January 2 - Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia dies and is succeeded by Wilhelm I January 3 - American Civil War: Delaware votes not to secede from the United States January 9 - Mississippi becomes the second state to secede from the Union, preceding the American Civil War. January 10 - American Civil War: Florida secedes from the United States January 11 - American Civil War: Alabama secedes from the U ...

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1861, 1861 - Events, 1861 - January, 1861 - February, 1861 - March-April, 1861 - May-June, 1861 - July-August, 1861 - September-October, 1861 - November, 1861 - Unknown dates, 1861 - Births, 1861 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1861: Encyclopedia II - Events

1931 (MCMXXXI) is a common year starting on Thursday. 1931 - Events. January 4 - Elly Beinhorn begins her flight to Africa January 6 - Thomas Edison submits his last patent application. January 22 - Sir Isaac Isaacs sworn in as the first Australian-born Governor-General of Australia January 25 - Mohandas Gandhi released again January 27 - Pierre Laval forms a government in France February 3 - Napier earthquake - mu ...

Including:

• 1931 - Events
• 1931 - April-August
• 1931 - September-December
• 1931 - Undated
• 1931 - Births
• 1931 - January
• 1931 - February-April
• 1931 - May-August
• 1931 - September-December
• 1931 - Month/day unknown
• 1931 - Deaths
• 1931 - Undated
• 1931 - Nobel Prizes

Read more here: » 1931: Encyclopedia - 1931

1861 is a common year starting on Tuesday. Canada - Mexico - South Africa - U.S. Rail Transport - Science - Sports Births - Deaths 1861 - Events. January 1 - Benito Juárez captures Mexico City January 2 - Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia dies and is succeeded by Wilhelm I January 3 - American Civil War: Delaware votes not to secede from the United States January 9 - Mississippi becomes the second state to secede from the Union, preceding t ...

Including:

• 1861 - Events
• 1861 - February
• 1861 - March-April
• 1861 - May-June
• 1861 - July-August
• 1861 - September-October
• 1861 - November
• 1861 - Unknown dates
• 1861 - Births
• 1861 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1861: Encyclopedia - 1861

The Civil War in Finland was fought from January to May 1918, between the "Reds" (punaiset), i.e. Social Democrats together with Communists, and the "Whites" (valkoiset), i.e. forces commanded by the Conservative Senate that in the preceding autumn had succeeded a National Unity Senate, intending to maintain the status quo (i.e. retain independence and constitutional monarchy without parliamentarism). Finns have many names for this conflict: vapaussota (War of Liberty), kansalaissota or sis ...

Including:

• Finnish Civil War - Background
• Finnish Civil War - The General Strike 1905
• Finnish Civil War - The February Revolution 1917
• Finnish Civil War - The October Revolution 1917
• Finnish Civil War - The Social Democrats and the revolution
• Finnish Civil War - Conflict
• Finnish Civil War - Outcome

Read more here: » Finnish Civil War: Encyclopedia - Finnish Civil War

The White Guards is one translation of the Finnish term Suojeluskunta (plural: Suojeluskunnat, Finland-Swedish: Skyddskår) that has received many different translations to English, for instance: Security Guard, Civil Guard, National Guard, White Militia, Defence Corps, Protection Guard, Protection Corps and Protection Militia. These White Guards constituted the bulk of the victorious White Army during the Civil War in Finland (1918), and also the main forces of the Lapua Movem ...

Including:

• White Guard Finland - Historical context
• White Guard Finland - The White Guards in the Civil War
• White Guard Finland - The White Guards after the Civil War

Read more here: » White Guard Finland: Encyclopedia - White Guard Finland

Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim (June 4, 1867 – January 28, 1951) was the reputed Commander-in-Chief of Finland's Defence Forces, Marshal of Finland, an astute politician and a successful military commander. He was President of Finland (1944–1946). Mannerheim was born in Louhisaari Manor in Askainen to a Finland-Swedish family of partially Dutch ancestry that had been ennobled in 1768. He was related to Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld and was the third child in a noble family in which the younger sons inherited the title of Baro ...

Including:

• Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim - Ancestry
• Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim - An Officer in the Imperial Russian Army
• Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim - From Civil-War Victor to Head of State
• Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim - Between the Wars
• Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim - Commander-in-Chief
• Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim - End of the war and a brief presidency
• Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim - Trivia
• Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim - Gallery

Read more here: » Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim: Encyclopedia - Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim

A regent, from the Latin regens "who reigns" is anyone who acts as head of state, especially if not the monarch (who has higher titles). Thus, the common use is for an acting deputy governor. In a monarchy, a regent usually rules due to the actual monarch's absence, incapacity or minority, and may also be elected to rule during the sede vacante when the royal line has died out. This was the case in Finland and Hungary, where the royal line was considered extinct in the aftermath of World War I. In Iceland, the regent repre ...

Including:

• Regent - High public office
• Regent - Examples of regents in various Monarchies
• Regent - Belgium
• Regent - Bulgaria
• Regent - China
• Regent - Egypt
• Regent - Finland
• Regent - France
• Regent - Greece
• Regent - Hungary
• Regent - Iceland
• Regent - Japan
• Regent - Korea
• Regent - Liechtenstein
• Regent - Monaco
• Regent - Netherlands
• Regent - Norway
• Regent - Scotland
• Regent - Spain
• Regent - Sweden
• Regent - United Kingdom
• Regent - Other uses

Read more here: » Regent: Encyclopedia - Regent

List of Finns - Opera. Aino Ackté – soprano Monica Groop – mezzosoprano Jorma Hynninen – baritone Soile Isokoski – soprano Karita Mattila – soprano Jaakko Ryhänen – bass Matti Salminen – bass Martti Talvela – bass List of Finns - Classical. Paavo Berglund – conductor Linda Brava – violinist Mikko Frank – conductor Ralf Gothoni – pianist

In Sweden, the Chancellor of Justice (Justitiekanslern) is a government official charged with representing the Swedish government in various legal matters as the government's ombudsman. The office was created through a decree by Charles XII in 1713. The Chancellor is appointed by the Government of Sweden and serves at the pleasure of the cabinet without belonging to the spoils system, the longest term in office this far having been 22 years. The present Chancellor of Justice is Göran Lambertz, who entered office on October 1, 2001. < ...

See also:

Chancellor of Justice, Chancellor of Justice - Sweden, Chancellor of Justice - History, Chancellor of Justice - Duties, Chancellor of Justice - Finland, Chancellor of Justice - History, Chancellor of Justice - Duties, Chancellor of Justice - Estonia, Chancellor of Justice - Duties

Read more here: » Chancellor of Justice: Encyclopedia II - Chancellor of Justice - Sweden

The President’s functions and powers are directly defined in the Constitution. In addition to those specified there, the President also discharges functions assigned to him or her in other laws. Under the Constitution of Finland, executive power is vested in the President and the Council of State, which must enjoy the confidence of Parliament. This principle is reflected in other provisions of the Constitution concerning the President’s functions and powers dealing with legislation, decrees, and appointment of public officials. President of Finland - ...

See also:

President of Finland, President of Finland - Election, President of Finland - Inauguration, President of Finland - Duties and powers, President of Finland - Ordering premature parliamentary elections, President of Finland - Appointing and discharging ministers, President of Finland - International relations, President of Finland - Legislation, President of Finland - Supreme Commander of the Defence Forces, President of Finland - Emergency Powers, President of Finland - Decorations, President of Finland - List of Presidents of Finland, President of Finland - Living former Presidents, President of Finland - Official Residences, President of Finland - Incapacity and succession, President of Finland - Impeachment, President of Finland - The Independence Day reception, President of Finland - History, President of Finland - Pre-Presidential Heads of State

Read more here: » President of Finland: Encyclopedia II - President of Finland - Duties and powers

Finnish and Sami — the language of Lapland's small indigenous minority — are both Finno-Ugric languages and are in the Uralic rather than the Indo-European family. The closest related language to the Finnish with an official status is Estonian. Both Finnish and Estonian are Baltic Finnish or Finnic languages, while other Finno-Ugric languages are more distant. The origins of the Finnish people and their language are a matter of reinvigorated controversy. In the 19th century the Finnish researcher Castrén prevailed that "their ori ...

See also:

History of Finland, History of Finland - Earliest origins of the Finns, History of Finland - Prehistory, History of Finland - The Middle Ages, History of Finland - The 16th century, History of Finland - The 17th century - the Swedish Empire, History of Finland - The 18th Century - Age of Reason, History of Finland - Russian Grand Duchy, History of Finland - Independence and Civil War, History of Finland - Finland in the inter-war era, History of Finland - Finland in World War II, History of Finland - Post-War Era, History of Finland - Recent history

Read more here: » History of Finland: Encyclopedia II - History of Finland - Earliest origins of the Finns

(See also: Civil War in Finland) Tensions during Russia's failed war against Japan in 1905 led to empire-wide civil unrest, known to Soviet historians as the Revolution of 1905. In Finland the unrest was expressed as a General Strike, during which "Red" (Socialist) "Protection Guards of Workers" were organized, but also "White" (anti-Socialist) "Security Guards". The White and Red Guards were typically disguised as fir ...

See also:

White Guard Finland, White Guard Finland - Historical context, White Guard Finland - The White Guards in the Civil War, White Guard Finland - The White Guards after the Civil War

Read more here: » White Guard Finland: Encyclopedia II - White Guard Finland - Historical context

Swedish influence in Finland was considerable in pre-Christian times. The Vikings were known to Finns both due to their participation in commerce and plundering. Finland's nearly 700-year association with the Kingdom of Sweden did or did not began in approximately 1154 with the introduction of Christianity by a Crusade and an expedition by a svea (Uplandic) nobleman Eric Jedvardson, later known as Saint Eric who became King Eric IX of Sweden. In 1362 Finnish representatives received for the first time entitlement to participate in the election of the Swedish king, whereby ...

See also:

List of Finnish monarchs, List of Finnish monarchs - Swedish rulers in Finland, List of Finnish monarchs - The Houses of Sverker and Eric, List of Finnish monarchs - The House of Folkung, List of Finnish monarchs - Rulers of the Kalmar Union and Regents/Viceroys, List of Finnish monarchs - The House of Vasa, List of Finnish monarchs - The House of the Palatinate, List of Finnish monarchs - The House of Hesse, List of Finnish monarchs - The House of Holstein-Gottorp, List of Finnish monarchs - Russian rulers, List of Finnish monarchs - Independence and the Kingdom of Finland

Read more here: » List of Finnish monarchs: Encyclopedia II - List of Finnish monarchs - Swedish rulers in Finland

(Entered the War on: August 4, 1914) C.E.W. Bean (1879-1968) Official Australian war correspondent Henry Gordon Bennett (1887-1962) Commander, 3rd Infantry Brigade William Throsby Bridges (1861-1915) Commander, Australian Imperial Force, Australian 1st Division Henry George Chauvel (1865-1945), Commander, Anzac Mounted Division, Desert Mounted Corps Arthur Cobby, Fighter ace Roderic Dallas, Fighter ace Harry Dalziel, VC Holder Pompey Elliott, General ...

See also:

List of people associated with World War I, List of people associated with World War I - Australia, List of people associated with World War I - Austria-Hungary, List of people associated with World War I - Royalty, List of people associated with World War I - Military Leaders, List of people associated with World War I - Politicians, List of people associated with World War I - Belgium, List of people associated with World War I - Bulgaria, List of people associated with World War I - Royalty, List of people associated with World War I - Politicians, List of people associated with World War I - Military leaders, List of people associated with World War I - Canada includes Newfoundland, List of people associated with World War I - France, List of people associated with World War I - Military Leaders, List of people associated with World War I - Politicians, List of people associated with World War I - Finland, List of people associated with World War I - Germany, List of people associated with World War I - Monarch, List of people associated with World War I - Military Leaders, List of people associated with World War I - Political Leaders, List of people associated with World War I - Others, List of people associated with World War I - Greece, List of people associated with World War I - Italy, List of people associated with World War I - Royalty, List of people associated with World War I - Military Leaders, List of people associated with World War I - Political Leaders, List of people associated with World War I - Others, List of people associated with World War I - Japan, List of people associated with World War I - Mexico, List of people associated with World War I - Netherlands, List of people associated with World War I - New Zealand, List of people associated with World War I - Ottoman Empire, List of people associated with World War I - Romania, List of people associated with World War I - Russia, List of people associated with World War I - Monarchs, List of people associated with World War I - Military Leaders, List of people associated with World War I - Political Leaders and others, List of people associated with World War I - Serbia, List of people associated with World War I - South Africa, List of people associated with World War I - United Kingdom, List of people associated with World War I - Royalty, List of people associated with World War I - Military Leaders, List of people associated with World War I - Political Leaders, List of people associated with World War I - Others, List of people associated with World War I - United States of America

Read more here: » List of people associated with World War I: Encyclopedia II - List of people associated with World War I - Australia

1931 - January-March. January 4 - Elly Beinhorn begins her flight to Africa January 6 - Thomas Edison submits his last patent application. January 22 - Sir Isaac Isaacs sworn in as the first Australian-born Governor-General of Australia January 25 - Mohandas Gandhi released again January 27 - Pierre Laval forms a government in France February 3 - Napier earthquake - much of the New Zealand city of Napier is destoryed in an earthquake m ...

See also:

1931, 1931 - Events, 1931 - January-March, 1931 - April-August, 1931 - September-December, 1931 - Undated, 1931 - Births, 1931 - January, 1931 - February-April, 1931 - May-August, 1931 - September-December, 1931 - Month/day unknown, 1931 - Deaths, 1931 - Undated, 1931 - Nobel Prizes

Read more here: » 1931: Encyclopedia II - 1931 - Events

When negotiations with the Soviet Union failed in 1939, Mannerheim on October 17 again withdrew his resignation, thereby again accepting the position as Commander-in-Chief of Finland's army in case of war. He reorganized his headquarters in Mikkeli. Officially he became the Commander-in-Chief after the Soviet attack on November 30. His strategic aide was Lieutenant General Aksel Airo. Mannerheim spent most of the Winter War and Continuation War in his Mikkeli headquarters but made many visits to the front. Between the wars, he held on ...

See also:

Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim - Ancestry, Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim - An Officer in the Imperial Russian Army, Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim - From Civil-War Victor to Head of State, Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim - Between the Wars, Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim - Commander-in-Chief, Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim - End of the war and a brief presidency, Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim - Trivia, Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim - Gallery

Read more here: » Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim: Encyclopedia II - Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim - Commander-in-Chief

It should be noted that those who held a regency briefly, for example during surgery, are not necessarily listed, particularly if they performed no official acts; this list is also not complete. Regent - Belgium. Prince Charles of Belgium, regent of Belgium from 1944 to 1950 Regent - Bulgaria. Prince Kyril de Preslav, during the minority of his dead brother (Boris III)'s son, Simeon II. Regent - China. See Empress dowager and Grand Empress Dowager 2nd Prince Chun betw ...

See also:

Regent, Regent - Regents in various Monarchies, Regent - Belgium, Regent - Bulgaria, Regent - China, Regent - Egypt, Regent - Finland, Regent - France, Regent - Greece, Regent - Hungary, Regent - Iceland, Regent - Japan, Regent - Korea, Regent - Liechtenstein, Regent - Monaco, Regent - Netherlands, Regent - Norway, Regent - Scotland, Regent - Spain, Regent - Sweden, Regent - United Kingdom, Regent - Other uses

Read more here: » Regent: Encyclopedia II - Regent - Regents in various Monarchies

The Swedish People's Party was founded by Axel Lille in 1906, making it one of the oldest parties in Finland. The current leader of the party is Jan-Erik Enestam. In the Parliament of Finland the representative for Åland is usually included in SFP's parliamentary group, regardless of his/her party affiliation. (The political parties in Åland have no counterpar ...

See also:

Swedish People's Party Finland, Swedish People's Party Finland - History Leaders and Electorate, Swedish People's Party Finland - Political Positions, Swedish People's Party Finland - Important politicians

Read more here: » Swedish People's Party Finland: Encyclopedia II - Swedish People's Party Finland - History Leaders and Electorate

It should be noted that those who held a regency briefly, for example during surgery, are not necessarily listed, particularly if they performed no official acts; this list is also not complete. Regent - Belgium. Prince Charles of Belgium, regent of Belgium from 1944 to 1950 Regent - Bulgaria. Prince Kyril de Preslav, during the minority of his dead brother (Boris III)'s son, Simeon II. Regent - China. See Empress dowager and Grand Empress Dowager 2nd Prin ...

See also:

Regent, Regent - High public office, Regent - Examples of regents in various Monarchies, Regent - Belgium, Regent - Bulgaria, Regent - China, Regent - Egypt, Regent - Finland, Regent - France, Regent - Greece, Regent - Hungary, Regent - Iceland, Regent - Japan, Regent - Korea, Regent - Liechtenstein, Regent - Monaco, Regent - Netherlands, Regent - Norway, Regent - Scotland, Regent - Spain, Regent - Sweden, Regent - United Kingdom, Regent - Other uses

Read more here: » Regent: Encyclopedia II - Regent - Examples of regents in various Monarchies