Peace of Riga - Article Index

Encyclopedia - Peace Of Riga: Encyclopedia Ii - Peace Of Riga - The Treaty
First peace talks were started on August 17 1920 in Minsk but after an incident against Polish negotiators there, were moved to Riga and ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Witold Pilecki: Encyclopedia - Witold Pilecki
Witold Pilecki (May 13, 1901 – May 25, 1948; pronounced ['vitɔld pi'leʦki]; codenames Roman Jezierski, Tomasz Serafiński, Druh, Wito...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Soviet Union: Encyclopedia - Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, abbreviated USSR (Russian: Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Р...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1921: Encyclopedia - 1921
1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). 1921 - Events. 1921 - January. January 1 - In American...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Minsk: Encyclopedia Ii - Minsk - History
Legend has it that a giant called Menesk or Mincz had a mill on the banks of a river near the city. He used to grind stones for making br...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - President Of Ukraine: Encyclopedia Ii - President Of Ukraine - Presidents Of The Ukrainian People's Republic
The Ukrainian People's Republic was formed after the Russian Revolution of 1917, and lasted until the Peace of Riga between Poland and So...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1921: Encyclopedia Ii - 1921 - Events
1921 - January. January 1 - In American football, California defeats Ohio State 28-0 in the Rose Bowl. January 2 - The first religiou...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Henryk Dobrzański: Encyclopedia Ii - Henryk Dobrzański - Biography
Henryk Dobrzański was born on June 22, 1897, in Jasło, to a Polish noble family of Henryk Dobrzański de Hubal and Maria Dobrzańska n�...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pochayiv Lavra: Encyclopedia Ii - Pochayiv Lavra - History
Pochayiv Lavra - Origins. A first record of the monastery in Pochayiv dates back to 1527, although a local tradition claims that it was...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Polish Minority In The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Polish Minority In The Soviet Union - 1921-1938
Polish communities were inherited from Imperial Russia after the creation of the Soviet Union. After World War I, Poland became an indepe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Polish-soviet War: Encyclopedia Ii - Polish-soviet War - The Campaign
Polish-Soviet War - 1919. In 1918 the German Army in the east began to retreat westwards. The areas abandoned by the Central Powers be...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Soviet Union - History
The Soviet Union is traditionally considered to be the successor of the Russian Empire. The last Russian czar, Nicholas II, ruled until M...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Podolia: Encyclopedia Ii - Podolia - History
The country has had human inhabitants since at least the beginning of the Neolithic period. Herodotus mentions it as the seat of the Grae...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Soviet Union - The Russian Revolution
During World War I, Tsarist Russia experienced famine and economic collapse. The demoralized Russian Army suffered severe military setbac...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Symon Petliura: Encyclopedia Ii - Symon Petliura - Biography
Petliura was born in Poltava. He was co-founder (1905) of the Ukrainian Labor Party and editor (1905-1909) of Slovo (Word) and Ukrainskay...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Polish-soviet War: Encyclopedia Ii - Polish-soviet War - The Campaign
Polish-Soviet War - 1919. Main article: Polish-Soviet War in 1919 In 1918 the German Army in the east began to retreat westwards. Th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Volhynia: Encyclopedia Ii - Volhynia - History
The ancient city of Halicz (Halych) first appears in history in 981 when taken over by Kievan Rus'. Volhynia's early history coincides wi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Polish-soviet War: Encyclopedia Ii - Polish-soviet War - The Campaign
Polish-Soviet War - 1919. Main articles: Polish-Soviet War in 1919, and [[]], and [[]], and [[]]   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vilnius Region: Encyclopedia Ii - Vilnius Region - History
Most of the area historically belonged to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. After the Partitions of Poland in late 18th century it was annexe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Soviet Union - History
The Soviet Union is traditionally considered to be the successor of the Russian Empire. The last Russian monarch, Tsar Nicholas II, ruled...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Ukraine: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Ukraine - The 20th Century
When World War I and the Bolshevik revolution in Russia shattered the Austrian and Russian empires, Ukrainians were caught in the middle....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Polish Minority In The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Polish Minority In The Soviet Union - 1921-1938
Polish communities were inherited from Imperial Russia after the creation of the Soviet Union. After World War I, Poland became an indepe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Witold Pilecki: Encyclopedia Ii - Witold Pilecki - Biography
Witold Pilecki - Pilecki's early life. Witold Pilecki was born May 13, 1901, in Olonets on the shores of Lake Ladoga in Karelia, Russia...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Massacres Of Poles In Volhynia: Encyclopedia Ii - Massacres Of Poles In Volhynia - History
Volhyn was the main ethnically Ukrainian region that during the Interbellum was under Polish administration. After World War I, when Pola...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lviv: Encyclopedia Ii - Lviv - History
Lviv - Early history. Recent archaeological excavations show that the area of Lviv has been populated since at least the 5th century. A...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Symon Petliura: Encyclopedia Ii - Symon Petliura - Petlyura's Role In Pogroms
During the rule of Petlyura, a series of mass pogroms were perpetrated against the Jews of Ukraine. Estimated 100,000 of civilian Jews we...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Polish Minority In The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Polish Minority In The Soviet Union - 1939-1947
During World War II, the Soviet Union occupied vast areas of eastern Poland (so called Kresy), and another 5.2-6.5 million Poles (from th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Massacres Of Poles In Volhynia: Encyclopedia Ii - Massacres Of Poles In Volhynia - Casualties
Exact numbers of civilian victims remain unknown. Various historians estimate the number at between 35,000 and 60,000 in Volhyn alone, wh...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Polish-soviet War: Encyclopedia Ii - Polish-soviet War - Aftermath
According to the British historian A. J. P. Taylor, the Polish-Bolshevik War "largely determined the course of European history for the n...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vilnius Region: Encyclopedia Ii - Vilnius Region - Terminology
The term Vilnius region is used almost exclusively in Lithuanian historiography to describe the territory seized from Poland by the Red A...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vilnius Region: Encyclopedia Ii - Vilnius Region - Ethnography
Main article: Ethnic composition of Central Lithuania As most of the censae organised for the area prior to 1991 are disputed by Lithu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lviv: Encyclopedia Ii - Lviv - Education
L'viv is one of the most important education centres of Ukraine. It is home to three major universities and a number of smaller schools o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Soviet Union - The Russian Civil War
Immediately, however, supporters of the Tsarist regime broke out in revolt, resulting in years of all-out civil war, which lasted until 1...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Soviet Union - Foreign Relations
Once denied diplomatic recognition by the capitalist world, the Soviet Union had official relations with the majority of the nations of t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Soviet Union - Republics
The Soviet Union was a federation of Soviet Socialist Republics (SSR). The first Republics were established shortly after the October Rev...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Soviet Union - Republics
The Soviet Union was a federation of Soviet Socialist Republics (SSR). The first Republics were established shortly after the October Rev...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Polish Minority In The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Polish Minority In The Soviet Union - 1947-1991
The Polish minority was one of the few whose numbers decreased over time, according to official statistics. They also belonged to the lea...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Soviet Union - Politics
The government of the Soviet Union administered the country's economy and society. It implemented decisions made by the leading political...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - President Of Ukraine: Encyclopedia Ii - President Of Ukraine - Chairmen Of The Presidium Of The Verkhovna Rada Of The Ukrainian Ssr
Between 1938 and 1991, the Chairman presided over the de jure collective head of state, the Presidium of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrain...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Ukraine: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Ukraine - Transition To Russian And Austrian Rule
See also: Partitions of Poland Tsarist rule over central Ukraine gradually replaced 'protection' over the subsequent decades. After the P...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Ukraine: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Ukraine - The Cossack Era
See also: History of Cossacks The 1648 Ukrainian Cossack (Kozak) rebellion and war of independence (Khmelnytsky Uprising), which started ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Ukraine: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Ukraine - Post-war And Independence
Over the next decades the Ukrainian republic not only overcame the pre-war levels of industry and productions but was the spearhead of th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Ukraine: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Ukraine - Ukraine After Independence
The history of Ukraine after the independence between 1992 and 2004 was marked by the presidencies of Leonid Kravchuk and Leonid Kuchma. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lviv: Encyclopedia Ii - Lviv - Geography
Lviv - Location. Lviv is located at geographical co-ordinates 49°50′45″N, 24°01′38″E, on the verge of the Roztocze Upland, ap...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Ukraine: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Ukraine - Loss Of Independence
During the 14th century, Poland and Lithuania fought wars against the Mongol invaders, and eventually most of Ukraine passed to the rule ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Ukraine: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Ukraine - Halych-volynia
A successor state to Kievan Rus' on part of the territory of today's Ukraine was the principality of Halych-Volynia. Previously, Volodymy...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1921: Encyclopedia Ii - 1921 - Births
1921 - Date unknown. Norma Macmillan, voice actress (d. 2001) 1921 - January. January 5 - Friedrich Dürrenmatt, Swiss writer (d. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1921: Encyclopedia Ii - 1921 - Deaths
1921 - February. February 8 - Peter Kropotkin, Russian anarchist (b. 1842) February 26 - Carl Menger, Austrian economist (b. 1840) Feb...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Ukraine: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Ukraine - Early Prehistory
The first identifiable groups to populate what is now Ukraine were the Neolithic people of the Trypillian culture, followed by the Cimmer...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Ukraine: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Ukraine - Kievan Rus’
In the 9th century, Kiev was conquered from the Khazars by the Varangian (Swedish Viking) Oleg. The Khazars were a Turkic semi-nomadic pe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lviv: Encyclopedia Ii - Lviv - Government
Lviv - Administrative division. Lviv is divided in 6 distinct entities called raions with their own administrative bodies: Halyts'ky (...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lviv: Encyclopedia Ii - Lviv - Public Transportation
Lviv - Buses. As in most Ukrainian cities, the public bus network is not well-developed and the number of lines is limited. A cheap alt...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Polish Minority In The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Polish Minority In The Soviet Union - 1939-1947
During World War II, the Soviet Union occupied vast areas of eastern Poland (so called Kresy), and another 5.2-6.5 million Poles (from th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Polish-soviet War: Encyclopedia Ii - Polish-soviet War - Aftermath
According to the British historian A. J. P. Taylor, the Polish-Bolshevik War "largely determined the course of European history for the n...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Polish Minority In The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Polish Minority In The Soviet Union - 1947-1991
The Polish minority was one of the few whose numbers decreased over time, according to official statistics. They also belonged to the lea...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - President Of Ukraine: Encyclopedia Ii - President Of Ukraine - Presidents Of Ukraine
On July 5, 1991, the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian SSR passed a law establishing the post of the President of the Ukrainian SSR. The ti...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Soviet Union - Politics
The government of the Soviet Union administered the country's economy and society. It implemented decisions made by the leading political...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Polish-soviet War: Encyclopedia Ii - Polish-soviet War - Prelude To The War
In 1918, with the end of the First World War, the map of Central and Eastern Europe had drastically changed. As Germany's defeat rendered...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Polish-soviet War: Encyclopedia Ii - Polish-soviet War - Names And Dates Of The War
The war is referred to by several names. "Polish-Soviet War" may be the most common, but is potentially confusing since "Soviet" is usual...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lviv: Encyclopedia Ii - Lviv - Culture
Lviv - Museums and art galleries. There are many museums and art galleries in Lviv, most notable are the National Gallery, Museum of Re...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lviv: Encyclopedia Ii - Lviv - Education
L'viv is one of the most important education centres of Ukraine. It is home to three major universities and a number of smaller schools o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Podolia: Encyclopedia Ii - Podolia - Geography
Podilia lies south of Volhynia, southwest of the Kiev Region, northeast of Moldova across the Dniester River, and east of Galicia across ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Soviet Union - Foreign Relations
Once denied diplomatic recognition by the capitalist world, the Soviet Union had official relations with the majority of the nations of t...   » Read the article