Examples of vigilantes have been featured in the Marvel comic The Punisher, specifically the characters Mr. Payback, Elite and The Holy, who featured prominently in the Welcome Back, Frank mini-series, which was written by Garth Ennis and Steve Dillon, the creators of the popular Vertigo series Preacher. Vigilantism is the basic concept from which many contemporary fictions are derived, including stories published in dime novels and comic books. Many of the heroes of pulp fiction, such as Doc Savage and The Shadow, and c ...

See also:

Vigilante, Vigilante - Examples of Vigilantism, Vigilante - Vigilantes in Films, Vigilante - Vigilantes in Literature, Vigilante - Vigilantes in Comic Books

Read more here: » Vigilante: Encyclopedia II - Vigilante - Vigilantes in Comic Books

There is, however, criticism towards the bank and similar institutions. In some cases, the NGO-based money-lending institutions are very strict in enforcing paybacks. There are even allegations that they do not consider natural calamities like floods that may prevent repayment of loans quickly. Particular examples include the large number of loan defaults following the flood in 1998. Furthermore, many critics doubt the continued sustainability of the venture, citing the need for l ...

See also:

Grameen Bank, Grameen Bank - History, Grameen Bank - Ownership and other facts, Grameen Bank - Application of microcredit, Grameen Bank - Related ventures, Grameen Bank - Social improvement programmes, Grameen Bank - Struggling members programme, Grameen Bank - Rural telephone programme, Grameen Bank - Criticism, Grameen Bank - Suggested Reading, Grameen Bank - Other sources

Read more here: » Grameen Bank: Encyclopedia II - Grameen Bank - Criticism

Black's initial attempt to assume a British peerage was thwarted by Canadian Prime Minister Jean Chrétien, who invoked the Nickle Resolution which disallows Canadians from holding British titles. Black attempted to work around the Nickle Resolution by taking dual British and Canadian citizenship. However, this tactic was unsuccessful and Black then initiated a lawsuit against Chrétien, arguing that Chrétien's strict interpretation of the Nickle Resolution was payback for Black's political opinions and past criticism of Chrétien. Bla ...

See also:

Conrad Black, Conrad Black - Early life and career, Conrad Black - Becoming a press lord, Conrad Black - The peerage controversy, Conrad Black - Other controversies surrounding Black

Read more here: » Conrad Black: Encyclopedia II - Conrad Black - The peerage controversy

In the later years of his career, Kurosawa got little respect from many Japanese filmmakers and the industry. A glaring sign of this was Japan's failure to submit Ran for competition in the Best Foreign Language Film category of the Oscars. Kurosawa had not attended the Tokyo Film Festival, where the film premiered, and many people felt the snub to Ran was payback. The film's producer and financier, Serge Silberman, tried to get it nominated as a French co-production (which it was) but failed. American director Sidney Lumet hel ...

See also:

Ran film, Ran film - Plot, Ran film - Background, Ran film - Production, Ran film - Reception, Ran film - Cast, Ran film - Footnotes

Read more here: » Ran film: Encyclopedia II - Ran film - Reception

In the later years of his career, Kurosawa got little respect from many Japanese filmmakers and the industry. A glaring sign of this was Japan's failure to submit Ran for competition in the Best Foreign Language Film category of the Oscars. Kurosawa had not attended the Tokyo Film Festival, where the film premiered, and many people felt the snub to Ran was payback. The film's producer and financier, Serge Silberman, tried to get it nominated as a French co-production (which it was) but failed. American director Sidney Lumet hel ...

See also:

Ran film, Ran film - Plot, Ran film - Background, Ran film - Cast and Characters, Ran film - Production, Ran film - Reception, Ran film - Footnotes

Read more here: » Ran film: Encyclopedia II - Ran film - Reception

Examples of vigilantes have been featured in the Marvel comic The Punisher, specifically the characters Mr. Payback, Elite and The Holy, who featured prominently in the Welcome Back, Frank mini-series, which was written by Garth Ennis and Steve Dillon, the creators of the popular Vertigo series Preacher. Vigilantism is the basic concept from which many contemporary fictions are derived, including stories published in dime novels and comic books. Many of the heroes of pulp fiction, such as Doc Savage and The Shadow, and c ...

See also:

Vigilante, Vigilante - Examples of vigilantism, Vigilante - Examples, Vigilante - Films, Vigilante - Literature, Vigilante - Vigilantes in comic books

Read more here: » Vigilante: Encyclopedia II - Vigilante - Vigilantes in comic books

When certain pay schedules are offered by a video poker machine, players using perfect or near perfect strategy can obtain greater than 100% payback over a sufficiently long period of play. These machines are referred to as "full pay" machines. Casinos place full pay machines alongside other machines with pay schedules that offer a negative return, so it is up to the player to properly identify which video poker machines offer the full pay schedules. Most full pay machines are configured with a pay schedule that is only full pay when the maximum amount of credits is bet. (See the pay sched ...

See also:

Video poker, Video poker - History, Video poker - Operation of the game, Video poker - Regulation, Video poker - Kinds of Video Poker, Video poker - Full Pay Games, Video poker - Deuces Wild, Video poker - Double Bonus, Video poker - Double Double Bonus, Video poker - Other Full Pay Games, Video poker - Locating Full Pay Games, Video poker - Player's Clubs

Read more here: » Video poker: Encyclopedia II - Video poker - Full Pay Games

On the majority of British canals the canal owners did not own or run the boats on them. Instead they charged various outside companies and intervals tolls to use the canal. From these tolls they would try with varying degrees of success to maintain the canal and payback initial loans. Day-to-day operation of the canals was done by lock keepers and the men responsible for collecting tolls. In winter special icebreaker boats with reinforced hulls would be used to break the ice. The boats used on canals were a mixed bunch including flye ...

See also:

History of the British canal system, History of the British canal system - Early history, History of the British canal system - Industrial Revolution, History of the British canal system - Geography of the canal network, History of the British canal system - Operation of the British canal network, History of the British canal system - Gradual decline of the British canal network, History of the British canal system - The canals today

Read more here: » History of the British canal system: Encyclopedia II - History of the British canal system - Operation of the British canal network

Revenge or vengeance consists of retaliation against a person or group in response to perceived wrongdoing. Although many aspects of revenge resemble or echo the concept of making things equal, revenge usually has a more injurious than constructive goal. The vengeful wish is to make the perceived wrongdoer go through what they put the victim through or to make sure the wrongdoer can never do what they did again. Revenge is a hotly contested ethical issue in philosophy. Some feel revenge is necessary to maintain a just so ...

Including:

Revenge - Revenge in art and culture Revenge - Quotations on revenge

Read more here: » Revenge: Encyclopedia - Revenge

This is a list of film-related events in 1999. 1998 in film 1999 in film 2000 in film 1998 in home video 1999 in home video 2000 in home video 1998 in television 1999 in television 2000 in television 1999 in film - Events. April 7 - Star Wars fans begin lining up at movie theaters in Westwood and Hollywood to buy tickets for Star Wars, Episode I - T ...

Including:

1999 in film - Events 1999 in film - Top grossing films 1999 in film - Academy Awards 1999 in film - Births 1999 in film - Deaths 1999 in film - Other movies released

Read more here: » 1999 in film: Encyclopedia - 1999 in film

In literature and film, an anti-hero is a character that possesses some of the personality traits and weakness traditionally assigned to villains, outlaws and those that either are shunned by society or do not abide by the status quo, but nonetheless have enough heroic qualities and intentions to align them with the heroes in the readers' minds. Anti-heroes can be awkward, obnoxious, passive, pitiful, obtuse, or just normal; but they are always, in some fundamental way, flawed, unqualified, or failed heroes. When the anti-hero ...

Including:

Anti-hero - Types
Anti-hero - Vigilante Anti-hero - The developing hero Anti-hero - The drifter Anti-hero - The failure Anti-hero - Flawed everyman Anti-hero - The villain

Read more here: » Anti-hero: Encyclopedia - Anti-hero

Karma: Depending on the culture, the concept of karma has several different interpretations. While some schools of thought use the term to mean a sort of payback for our good and bad deeds, others (notably Buddhist scholars) maintain that karma never means the effect of a good or bad deed, but the deed itself. This initial deed, they argue, sets into motion a chain of events that leads to eiher good or bad situations, depending on the nature of the original deed. Edgar Cayce, on the other hand, taught that the consequences of our actions in this life were not karma, but simply cause and effect. He said that karma was always what we bring into this life as consequences from a past life.

(See also: Karma, Magic, Shamanism, Paganism, Wicca)

After graduating from the National Institute of Dramatic Art in 1977, Gibson's acting career began in Australia with appearances in the television series including The Sullivans, Cop Shop and Punishment. He made his Australian movie debut as the leather-clad post-apocalyptic survivor in George Miller's Mad Max, which later became a cult hit and launched two of its own sequels. His international profile increased through Peter Weir's anti-war First World War film Gallipoli. In 1984, Gibson's boyish go ...

See also:

Mel Gibson, Mel Gibson - Overview, Mel Gibson - Gibson and the movies, Mel Gibson - Lethal Weapon and Hamlet, Mel Gibson - Academy awards, Mel Gibson - The Passion of the Christ, Mel Gibson - Apocalypto, Mel Gibson - Gibson's controversies, Mel Gibson - Trivia, Mel Gibson - Quotes, Mel Gibson - Filmography, Mel Gibson - Awards & accomplishments

Read more here: » Mel Gibson: Encyclopedia II - Mel Gibson - Gibson and the movies

CAP rates films based on its findings of things it deems immoral in different categories: Wanton Violence/Crime (various crimes, violence in events such as war, etc) Impudence/Hate (racism, children defying parents, etc) Sexual Immorality (homosexuality, portrayal of nudity, etc.) Drugs/Alcohol (drinking, smoking, etc) Offense to God (cursing, defying God's word, following a religion or performing the rituals of a religion other than Christianity, mentioning evolution or the earth being round, etc.) Murder/Suicide The initials of these six ...

See also:

ChildCare Action Project, ChildCare Action Project - The Ratings, ChildCare Action Project - CAP vs. MPAA, ChildCare Action Project - The ten highest-rated films, ChildCare Action Project - The ten lowest-rated films

Read more here: » ChildCare Action Project: Encyclopedia II - ChildCare Action Project - The Ratings

The term dominatrix is most commonly used to describe a professional dominant woman (or pro-domme) who charges money to engage in fantasy play with submissive clients, but in reality most dominatrices are not professionals, but lifestyle dominants. A lifestyle dominant is a person who is assertive and in control of their relationships both inside and outside the bedroom. Women who engage in female domination recreationally are known as Dommes, Dominatrices, or simply Dominants, but are rarely referred to as Dominatrixes. ...

See also:

Dominatrix, Dominatrix - Professional versus lifestyle dominatrices, Dominatrix - Notable dominatrices, Dominatrix - Fictional dominatrices

Read more here: » Dominatrix: Encyclopedia II - Dominatrix - Professional versus lifestyle dominatrices

Kristofferson moved to Nashville after resigning his commission in 1965, intent on becoming a professional songwriter. He worked a variety of odd jobs while struggling to make it in the music business, burdened with expensive medical bills as a result of his son's defective esophagus. He and his wife soon divorced. In 1966, Dave Dudley released a successful Kristofferson single, "Viet Nam Blues". The following year, Kristofferson signed to Epic Records and released a single, "Golden Idol"/"Killing Time", but the song was not successful. With ...

See also:

Kris Kristofferson, Kris Kristofferson - Early life, Kris Kristofferson - Music career, Kris Kristofferson - Film career, Kris Kristofferson - Later career, Kris Kristofferson - Filmography

Read more here: » Kris Kristofferson: Encyclopedia II - Kris Kristofferson - Music career

CAP complains that the MPAA is lowering the standards of its ratings system, and that films that should receive an R rating have received a PG-13 rating instead. CAP refers to such films as "R-13" films. In 2004, researchers from the Kids Risk Project at the Harvard School of Public Health published a study which "found a significant increase of violence, sex and profanity in films over the 11-year period [from 1992 to 2003], suggesting that the MPAA became increasingly more lenient in assigning its age-based movie ratings." [2] After the release of this study, CAP announced on its web site: "Harvard agrees with u ...

See also:

ChildCare Action Project, ChildCare Action Project - The Ratings, ChildCare Action Project - CAP vs. MPAA, ChildCare Action Project - The ten highest-rated films, ChildCare Action Project - The ten lowest-rated films

Read more here: » ChildCare Action Project: Encyclopedia II - ChildCare Action Project - CAP vs. MPAA

Although born in Brownsville, Texas, he moved around much as a youth, finally settling down in San Mateo, California, where he graduated high school. An aspiring writer, Kristofferson earned a Rhodes Scholarship to Oxford University (Merton College, Oxford) after previously attending Pomona College. While in England, Kristofferson began writing songs and working with his manager Larry Parnes; he recorded for Top Rank Records under t ...

See also:

Kris Kristofferson, Kris Kristofferson - Early life, Kris Kristofferson - Music career, Kris Kristofferson - Film career, Kris Kristofferson - Later career, Kris Kristofferson - Filmography

Read more here: » Kris Kristofferson: Encyclopedia II - Kris Kristofferson - Early life

Some gay rights groups have accused Gibson of homophobia for a 1992 interview in the Spanish magazine El Pais. In the interview, when asked what he thought of gay people, he said, "They take it up the ass." Gibson then bent over and pointed to his buttocks, saying "This is only for taking a shit." When the interviewer recalled that Gibson previously had expressed fear people would think he is gay because he's an actor, Gibson responded in saying "Do I sound like a homosexual? Do I talk like them? Do I move like them?" Gibson later def ...

See also:

Mel Gibson, Mel Gibson - Overview, Mel Gibson - Gibson and the movies, Mel Gibson - Lethal Weapon and Hamlet, Mel Gibson - Academy awards, Mel Gibson - The Passion of the Christ, Mel Gibson - Apocalypto, Mel Gibson - Gibson's controversies, Mel Gibson - Trivia, Mel Gibson - Quotes, Mel Gibson - Filmography, Mel Gibson - Awards & accomplishments

Read more here: » Mel Gibson: Encyclopedia II - Mel Gibson - Gibson's controversies

In 1982, Kristofferson participated (with Willie Nelson, Dolly Parton, and Brenda Lee) on The Winning Hand, a country success that failed to break into mainstream audiences. He then married again, to Lisa Meyers, and concentrated on films for a time, appearing in The Lost Honor of Kathryn Beck, Flashpoint and Songwriter. The latter also starred Willie Nelson and Kristofferson was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song Score. Music from Songwriter (an album of duets between Nelson and Kristoff ...

See also:

Kris Kristofferson, Kris Kristofferson - Early life, Kris Kristofferson - Music career, Kris Kristofferson - Film career, Kris Kristofferson - Later career, Kris Kristofferson - Filmography

Read more here: » Kris Kristofferson: Encyclopedia II - Kris Kristofferson - Later career

Gibson was born in Peekskill, New York, the sixth of eleven children born to Ann Reilly (who was born in the U.S. to Irish immigrants) and Hutton Gibson (the son of a U.S. businessman, John Hutton Gibson and an Australian opera singer, Eva Mylott). The family also adopted one child, bringing the total number of children in the family to 11. His younger brother, Donal, is also an actor. Although he maintained his United States citizenship, he lived in Australia from the age of twelve. Following a victory on the TV game show Jeopardy ...

See also:

Mel Gibson, Mel Gibson - Overview, Mel Gibson - Gibson and the movies, Mel Gibson - Lethal Weapon and Hamlet, Mel Gibson - Academy awards, Mel Gibson - The Passion of the Christ, Mel Gibson - Apocalypto, Mel Gibson - Gibson's controversies, Mel Gibson - Trivia, Mel Gibson - Quotes, Mel Gibson - Filmography, Mel Gibson - Awards & accomplishments

Read more here: » Mel Gibson: Encyclopedia II - Mel Gibson - Overview