Pauline Bonaparte

Pauline was born in Ajaccio, Corsica. She was the sixth surviving child and second surviving daughter of Carlo Buonaparte and Letizia Ramolino. She was a younger sister of Joseph Bonaparte, Napoleon I of France, Lucien Bonaparte, Elisa Bonaparte and Louis Bonaparte. She was also an older sister of Caroline Bonaparte and Jérôme Bonaparte. Her childhood was spent in her native Ajaccio. At the age of thirteen she was involved in the Buonaparte's night-time escape from their home, travelling with her mother and sibl ...

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Pauline Bonaparte, Pauline Bonaparte - Prior to Napoleon's Rise to Power, Pauline Bonaparte - After Napoleon's Rise to Power, Pauline Bonaparte - After Napoleon's Fall

Read more here: » Pauline Bonaparte: Encyclopedia II - Pauline Bonaparte - Prior to Napoleon's Rise to Power

Borghese is the surname of a family of Italian noble and papal background, originating in Siena where they came to prominence in the 13th century holding official offices under the commune. The head of the family, Marcantonio moved to Rome in the 16th century and there, following the election (1605) of his son Camillo Borghese as Pope Paul V who was an unabashed nepotist, they rose in power and wealth. By virtue of the wedding of Olimpia Aldobrandini with Paolo Borghese in 1614, the Borghese claimed the name and the lega ...

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• Borghese - Notable members of the Borghese family
• Borghese - External link

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His brother Napoleon made him king of Holland on June 5, 1806. Intended by his older brother as little more than a French governor, Louis took his duties as King seriously, calling himself King Lodewijk I (adopting the Dutch form of his name), attempting to learn the Dutch language and trying hard to be a responsible, independent ruler of Holland. During his reign, Holland was struck by two major tragedies: the explosion of a ship filled with gunpowder in the heart of the city of Leiden in 1807, and a major flooding in 1809. In both tragedies, Louis personally and effectively oversaw local relief efforts, which he ...

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Louis Bonaparte, Louis Bonaparte - King of Holland, Louis Bonaparte - Marriage and children

Read more here: » Louis Bonaparte: Encyclopedia II - Louis Bonaparte - King of Holland

Born in Ajaccio, Corsica, and educated in mainland France, Lucien returned to Corsica at the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789 and became an outspoken speaker in the Jacobin Club at Ajaccio, where he renamed himself "Brutus". An ally of Maximilien Robespierre during the Reign of Terror, he was briefly imprisoned (at Aix-en-Provence) after the coup of 9 Thermidor. As president of the Council of Five Hundred — which he removed to the suburban security of Saint-Cloud — Lucien Bonaparte's combination of bravado and disinformat ...

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Lucien Bonaparte, Lucien Bonaparte - Revolutionary activities, Lucien Bonaparte - Later years, Lucien Bonaparte - Academic activities, Lucien Bonaparte - Marriages and children

Read more here: » Lucien Bonaparte: Encyclopedia II - Lucien Bonaparte - Revolutionary activities

He was born to Pierre Murat-Jordy (1721 - 1799) and Jeanne Loubieres (1721 - 1806). His father was an innkeeper. A brilliant and dashing cavalry leader, Murat played an important part in Napoleon Bonaparte's victories. During Napoleon's defence of the Tuileries Palace (1795), Murat was successful in stealing forty cannon from the French National Guard. Without these cannon, Tuileries would have fallen, and the Directory would not ...

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Joachim Murat, Joachim Murat - Life Account, Joachim Murat - Children, Joachim Murat - Trivia, Joachim Murat - External link

Read more here: » Joachim Murat: Encyclopedia II - Joachim Murat - Life Account

He is said to have been in love with a girl of the Forcioli family. His paternal uncle Archdeacon Luciano Buonaparte (January 8, 1718 - October 16, 1791) instead convinced him to marry Maria Letizia Ramolino for a dowry of 7,000 Lires of the Republic of Genoa. He married Letizia on June 2, 1764. They had a total of thirteen children: Napoleone Buonaparte (1764/1765 - August 17, 1765). Maria Anna Buonaparte (January 3, 1767 - January 1, 1768). Joseph Bonaparte (January 7, 1768 - July 28, 1844). N ...

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Carlo Buonaparte, Carlo Buonaparte - Marriage and children, Carlo Buonaparte - Career

Read more here: » Carlo Buonaparte: Encyclopedia II - Carlo Buonaparte - Marriage and children

He was born at La Roche Guyon, the son of François Armand de La Rochefoucauld, duc d'Estissac, grand master of the royal wardrobe. The duc de Liancourt became an officer of carbineers, and married at seventeen. A visit to England seems to have suggested the establishment of a model farm at Liancourt, where he reared cattle imported from England and Switzerland. He also set up spinning machines on his estate, and founded a school of arts and crafts for the sons of so ...

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François Alexandre Frédéric duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, François Alexandre Frédéric duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt - Early life, François Alexandre Frédéric duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt - French Revolution, François Alexandre Frédéric duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt - Exile, François Alexandre Frédéric duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt - Return to France, François Alexandre Frédéric duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt - Works, François Alexandre Frédéric duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt - Family

Read more here: » François Alexandre Frédéric duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt: Encyclopedia II - François Alexandre Frédéric duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt - Early life

Elected to the Estates-general of 1789 he sought in vain to support the cause of royalty while furthering the social reforms he had at heart. On July 12, two days before the storming of the Bastille, he warned Louis XVI of the state of affairs in Paris, and met his exclamation that there was a revolt with the answer, "Non, sire, c'est une révolution." ("No, majesty, it is a revolution.") On July 18 he became president of the National Constituent Assembly. Established in command of a military division in Normandy, he ...

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François Alexandre Frédéric duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, François Alexandre Frédéric duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt - Early life, François Alexandre Frédéric duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt - French Revolution, François Alexandre Frédéric duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt - Exile, François Alexandre Frédéric duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt - Return to France, François Alexandre Frédéric duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt - Works, François Alexandre Frédéric duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt - Family

Read more here: » François Alexandre Frédéric duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt: Encyclopedia II - François Alexandre Frédéric duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt - French Revolution

Louis was married on January 4, 1802 to Hortense de Beauharnais, daughter of deceased general Alexandre, Vicomte de Beauharnais and his wife Josephine Tascher de la Pagerie. Josephine had become first wife of his brother Napoleon. Thus Hortense was also a niece-by-marriage to Louis. Louis Napoleon Bonaparte and Hortense de Beauharnais had three sons: Napoleon Charles Bonaparte, born December 10, 1802, Prince Royal of Holland. When he died on May 5, 1807 at 4½ years of age, his body lay in state at Notre Dame Cathedral in ...

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Louis Bonaparte, Louis Bonaparte - King of Holland, Louis Bonaparte - Marriage and children

Read more here: » Louis Bonaparte: Encyclopedia II - Louis Bonaparte - Marriage and children

With the pope a prisoner of Napoleon in 1809, Lucien was sailing for the United States, when he was captured instead by the British and passed the years 1810 to 1814 as a prisoner of the British, settled comfortably in the English countryside, and working on a heroic poem on the subject of Charlemagne. He was even omitted from the Imperial almanachs listing the Bonapartes from 1811. Then, in the "Hundred Days" after Napoleon's return from exile at Elba, Lucien rallied to the imperial cause. Though he was proscribed at the Restoration ...

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Lucien Bonaparte, Lucien Bonaparte - Revolutionary activities, Lucien Bonaparte - Later years, Lucien Bonaparte - Academic activities, Lucien Bonaparte - Marriages and children

Read more here: » Lucien Bonaparte: Encyclopedia II - Lucien Bonaparte - Later years

He returned to Paris in 1799, but received small favour from Napoleon. At the Restoration he entered the House of Peers, but Louis XVIII refused to reinstate him as master of the wardrobe, although his father had paid 400,000 francs for the honour. Successive governments, revolutionary and otherwise, recognized the value of his institutions at Liancourt, and he was for twenty-three years government inspector of his school of arts and crafts, which had been removed to Chalons. He was one of the first promoters of vaccination in France; ...

See also:

François Alexandre Frédéric duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, François Alexandre Frédéric duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt - Early life, François Alexandre Frédéric duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt - French Revolution, François Alexandre Frédéric duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt - Exile, François Alexandre Frédéric duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt - Return to France, François Alexandre Frédéric duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt - Works, François Alexandre Frédéric duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt - Family

Read more here: » François Alexandre Frédéric duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt: Encyclopedia II - François Alexandre Frédéric duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt - Return to France

After her numerous love affairs became an embarrassment, Napoleon had Pauline married to Charles Leclerc, one of his generals. She accompanied Leclerc to Saint-Domingue (now Haiti) in 1802 to remove the black general Toussaint Louverture from power and restore slavery. Despite her brother's position, and the fact that her husband was fighting a war, Pauline continued to have affairs in Saint-Domingue, often with low-ranking soldiers and officers. Although she was disloyal, Pauline did attend her husband during his ...

See also:

Pauline Bonaparte, Pauline Bonaparte - Prior to Napoleon's Rise to Power, Pauline Bonaparte - After Napoleon's Rise to Power, Pauline Bonaparte - After Napoleon's Fall

Read more here: » Pauline Bonaparte: Encyclopedia II - Pauline Bonaparte - After Napoleon's Rise to Power